题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
A 1 of sleep among youngsters may 2 depression and suicidal (自杀的)thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center.
"Our results are 3 with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for depression, working with other 4 and protective factors through multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this 5 disorder," said lead author James Gangwisch.
" 6 quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against 7 and a treatment for depression," he added in the study 8 in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine.
The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and 9 those who consistently went to bed 10 midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 pm.
Night owls(夜猫子)also ran a 20 percent 11 risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine 12 that adolescents should sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10:00 pm reported they slept 13 about eight hours and 10 minutes.
But that amount of sleep 14 significantly for those in bed after midnight.
And adolescents who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more 15 to suffer depression and 48 percent more 16 becoming suicidal, the study said.
"It is a common perception and societal 17 that adolescents do not need as much sleep as pre-adolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may 18 require more sleep," said Gangwisch.
"Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed 19 enough to make up for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be 20 with significant sleep deprivation(剥夺). "
( ) 1. A. night B. moderation C. limit D. lack
( ) 2. A. result in B. lie in C. come about D. bring in
( ) 3. A. opposed B. mixed C. related D. consistent
( ) 4. A. risk B. chance C. potential D. reason
( ) 5. A. mood B. body C. feeling D. mind
( ) 6. A. little B. lack C. Adequate D. over
( ) 7. A. suffering B. depression C. disorder D. sadness
( ) 8. A. reported B. published C. reflected D. noted
( ) 9. A. found B. investigated C. appraised D. supported
( ) 10. A. before B. from C. by D. after
( ) 11. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 12. A. appeals B. recommends C. calls D. plans
( ) 13. A. on average B. in place C. ahead of D. in number
( ) 14. A. increased B. disappeared C. strengthened D. dropped
( ) 15. A. likely B. probable C. possible D. perhaps
( ) 16. A. at sight of B. at risk of C. in front of D. as a result of
( ) 17. A. wish B. expectation C. suggestion D. attempt
( ) 18. A. exactly B. immediately C. directly D. actually
( ) 19. A. early B. lately C. soon D. quickly
( ) 20. A. separated B. associated C. divided D. depended
答案
解析
1. D 检测名词的含义辨析及在语意上的合理搭配。语意是:这项由哥伦比亚大学医学中心开展的研究表明,青少年缺乏睡眠可能会引发抑郁以及自杀的念头。经过分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示缺乏之意的名词,也即是D项:lack,而其余的ABC三项依次分别所表达的意思:晚上,中度,限制,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑。故D项为准确答案。
2. A考查动词短语的含义准确记忆和理解辨析。由上一题的分析我们能够判断出此处应该填上表示引发之意的动词词组,而A项就表示这样的意思,BD项依次分别所表示:在于,出现,带来,这些意思都和这儿的语言逻辑和作者的要表达的意义不契合。故我们选择A项为最佳答案
3. D考查形容词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由分析,得出语境是:研究报告的主要撰写人詹姆斯•冈维西说:“有理论认为睡眠不足是导致抑郁的风险因素之一,它与其他风险和保护因素相互作用,通过多种可能的因果途径,造成这种情绪失调。我们的研究结果与这一理论是一致的。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示一致的含义的形容词,就是D项:consistent。AB两项项依次分别所表达的意思:相反的,混合的,明显不是这样的意思,而C项的意思最容易让人上当,因为它的意思是相关,不过也与上面的分析不太吻合。故我们选择D项为最佳答案。
4. A 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示风险之意的名词,也即是A项:而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思:机会,潜能,原因等等都不切合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑。故A项为准确答案。
5. A 考查名词的含义记忆与理解辨析。由第三题的分析我们能够确定此处应该表示情绪意思的名词,也就是A项。BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:身体,情感,意志,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑。故我们选择A项为最佳答案
6. C 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:“所以,充足、高质量的睡眠可以成为防治抑郁症的一项措施。”研究报告在上周五的《睡眠》杂志上发表。结合语境我们发现此处需要填上表示充足意义的形容词,这四个词中只有C项有这样的之意,而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:少的或小的,缺少,过量,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间要求的语言逻辑。故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
7. B 检测名词的含义辨析及联系上下文语言逻辑能力。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示抑郁症之意的名词,也即是B项:depression。而不是ACD三项依次分别所表达的意思:遭遇,紊乱,悲伤。故B项为准确答案。
8. B 考查动词过去分词的含义辨析及生活常识。我们都有这样的常识,研究结果一般刊登在报刊杂志或者网络。此处应该填上表示刊登之意的动词的过去分词,这是因为其逻辑主语是study,它们之间是被动关系,故B项为准确答案。而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:报道,反映,指出等等,在语言逻辑方面的都不准确。
9. A 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过联系上文分析,语意是:该研究对15659名大学生和中学生的夜间作息习惯进行了追踪调查,发现那些经常在午夜后就寝的学生患抑郁症的风险比那些在晚上10点前就上床睡觉的学生高24%。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示发现之意的动词,这四个词中只有A项有这样发现之意,也就是find的过去式。而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思:调查,评价,支持等等都在语言逻辑方面不能与之准确吻合。故我们选择A项作为最佳答案。
10. D 考查介词词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确理解和应用。由上一题的分析我们不难断定此处应该填上表示在…..之后意思的介词,也即是D项,ABC项依次分别所表达的在……之前,从……,经由……,等等意思,都不符合此处上下文之间的语言逻辑,故D项为准确答案。
11. B 考查形容词的比较级的含义辨析及在上下文之间的语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过联系上文分析,语意是:研究称,晚睡者产生自杀念头的风险也要高20%,这四个词中只有B项有较高之意。而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:较低的,较多的,较少的,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
12. B 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由语境:美国睡眠药物学会建议,青少年每晚睡眠时间至少要达到9个小时,我们分析中不难看出此处应该填上表示建议之意的动词,也即是B项。而ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:呼吁,叫或打电话,计划,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不契合,故B项为准确答案。
13. A 经过分析,语意是:晚上10点前就寝的人称他们平均每天的睡眠时间约为8小时10分钟。这四个词中只有A项有平均之意。而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:有秩序,提前,在数量上,联系上下文的语境我们容易这不恰当,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
14. D考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。语意是:但那些在午夜后睡觉的人的睡眠时间明显少很多。这里的少就是降低的意思,也就是D项。而ABC这三项依次分别所表达的意思是:增加,消失,加强,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不契合,故我们选择D项为最佳答案。
15. A检测副词的含义的准确记忆与理解。研究报告说,每晚睡眠时间为五小时或更少的青少年患抑郁症的几率高71%,出现自杀倾向的几率高48%。这里的几率就是我们所说的可能性,而这四个都表示可能的这样的意思。但是它们的用法是不同的,只有likely的主语可以是人或者事,其余BCD三项的主语往往都是形式主语it,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
16. B 检测介词短语的含义的准确记忆和理解辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示有……风险的意思,这四个词中只有B项有这样的意思。ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:看见……,在……前面,因为……,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
17. B 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:冈维西说:“目前存在这样一种普遍看法和社会预期,认为青少年不像儿童那样需要那么多睡眠,然而研究表明,事实上青少年可能需要更多睡眠。”联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示预期之意的名词,这四个词中只有 B项有这样的意思。而其余ACD三项项依次分别所表达的意思是:愿望,建议,尝试,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
18. D 检测副词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示事实上之意的副词,也即是D项,而ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:准确地,立即地,直接地,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不契合,故我们选择D项为最佳答案。
19. A检测副词的含义的准确记忆与理解。经过分析,语意是:“研究发现,青少年上学的时间提早了,但却没有提早就寝来对此加以补偿,而且上学时间提早与严重的睡眠剥夺有关。”联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示早早地之意的副词,也即是A项,而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:最近,时间上快,动作快,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故A项为准确答案。
20. B 考查动词过去分词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示联系之意的动词过去分词,也即是B项,而ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:分离,均分,依赖,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不吻合,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
核心考点
试题【It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to getting enou】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding (繁殖) rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
小题1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it .
A.faces danger | B.has breeding rights |
C.eats its competitor | D.leaves the group itself |
A.the fish beaten up | B.the fish found out |
C.the fish fattened up | D.the fish driven away |
A.fought over a feast | B.went on diet willingly |
C.preferred some extra food | D.challenged the boss fish |
A.Fish dieting and human dieting. |
B.Dieting and health. |
C.Human dieting. |
D.Fish dieting. |
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded(包围)by shops selling unhealthy,fatty foods,such as fried chicken and ice cream,at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants,then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree with this,because good eating habits begin early in life,long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food,or are always allowed to choose what they eat,they will go for sweet and salty foods every time,and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home,they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣),it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem,and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active,as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
小题1:According to the text,what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?
A.Those who often take exercise. |
B.Those who often watch television. |
C.Those who often have meals at home. |
D.Those who often walk to school. |
A.their parents often cook meals for them |
B.they are too busy to go out and play |
C.they can’t choose what to eat |
D.there are too many fast food shops around |
A.forcing | B.guiding |
C.driving | D.moving |
A.tell a story | B.provide facts |
C.give advice | D.compare opinions |
Money can buy a degree of happiness.But once you can afford to feed,clothe and house yourself,each extra dollar makes less and less difference.
Researchers find that,on average,wealthier people are happier.But the link between money and happiness is complex.In the past half-century,average income has sharply increased in developed countries,yet happiness levels have remained almost the same.Once your basic needs are met,money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends,neighbors and colleagues.
“Dollars buy status,and status makes people feel better,”conclude some experts,which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways—scientists or actors,for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.
In a research,Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires—not just for money,but for friends,family,job,health—rose furthest beyond what they already had,tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap(差距).Indeed,the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone.“The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income,”says Michalos.
Another factor that has to do with happiness is age.Old age may not be so bad.“Given all the problems of aging,how could the elderly be more satisfied?”asks Professor Laura Carstensen.
In one survey,Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94,and asked them to fill out an emotions questionaire.She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people,but negative emotions much less often.
Why are old people happier?Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it,or they’re more realistic about their goals,only setting ones that they know they can achieve.But Carstensen thinks that with time running out,older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.
“People realize not only what they have,but also that what they have cannot last forever,”she says.“A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85,for example,may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”
小题1:According to the passage,the feeling of happiness______.
A.is determined partly by genes |
B.increases gradually with age |
C.has little to do with wealth |
D.is measured by desires |
A.make them feel much better |
B.provide chances to make friends |
C.improve their social position |
D.satisfy their professional interests |
A.optimistic |
B.successful |
C.practical |
D.emotional |
A.the gap between reality and desire is bigger |
B.they have a stronger desire for friendship |
C.their income is below their expectation |
D.the hope for good health is greater |
Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics.Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage.
Recently,scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true.THEY STUDIED A MIXED GROUP OF PEOPLE.Some were normal;others were aphasics.It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches—in most cases,the normal people were fooled by words,but the aphasics were not.
Some years ago,Dr.Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics.He mentioned a particular case in a hospital.Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV.Since the president had been an actor earlier,making a good speech was no problem for him.He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.
But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients.They didn’t seem to believe him.Instead,they burst into laughter.The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying.He was lying!
Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words.However,according to Dr.Sacks,they are more gifted than normal people.Normal people may get carried away by words.Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better,though they cannot understand words.
小题1:What is so surprising about aphasics?
A.They can fool other people. | B.They can find out the hidden drugs. |
C.They can understand language better. | D.They can tell whether people are lying. |
A.By asking them to watch TV together. |
B.By organizing them into acting groups. |
C.By comparing them with normal people. |
D.By giving them chances to speak on TV. |
A.What one says reflects how one feels. |
B.Aphasics have richer feelings than others. |
C.Normal people often tell lies in their speeches. |
D.People poor at one thing can be good at another. |
Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV.
Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease.
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease.
However, scientists still don"t know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that
A.antiretroviral drugs will be obtained easily all over the world
B.the best way to stop AIDS is to develop a vaccine
B.scientists will soon find a way to cure AIDS
D.there will be fewer AIDS cases in the world in the future
小题2:Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly?
A.Africa. | B.Asia. | C.The United States. | D.France. |
A.a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris succeeded in separating HIV
B.some effective medicine has been invented
B.scientists understand AIDS better and better.
D.The rate of HIV infections continue to rise in the United States
小题4:What"s the importance of the discovery of the source of AIDS?
A.It can be used to develop a test for AIDS.
B.It can stop HIV forming AIDS.
B.It can reduce the rate of death caused by AIDS.
D.It can help develop a drug to prevent AIDS.
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- 7把下列作品、作者和朝代搭配连线。《紫藤萝瀑布》 马致远 南宋《论语》 辛弃疾
- 8阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。在马克思主义经典著作中,并未对社会主义、共产主义核心价值观进行具体论述。改革开放30
- 9一个盛满水的密闭三棱锥容器S-ABC,不久发现三条侧棱上各有一个小洞D,E,F,且知SD∶DA=SE∶EB=CF∶FS=
- 10国务院出台了进一步鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的措施细则,鼓励和引导资本进入政策性住房建设领域、市政公用事业以及石油、电信
热门考点
- 1百米赛跑过程中的某时刻甲、乙两运动员位置的示意图如图所示。 (1)两运动员中, 的速度较快,因
- 2下列命题中:(1)过一点有且只有一条直线平行于已知直线;(2)过一点有且只有一条直线平行于已知平面;(3)过一点有且只有
- 3After that, the old man _____ lived in the small house.A. no
- 4根据下列表述,能确定位置的是( ) [ ]A.红星电影院2排B.北京市四环路 C.北偏东30°D.东经118°
- 5山东省济宁市是华东地区最大的煤炭基地之一,2010年10月13日,该市在煤矿塌陷地上建起的亚洲最大的30兆瓦太阳能实验电
- 6如图是水培法成分鉴定实验装置.若用此装置观察镁对植物的作用,一段时间后,发现A瓶中植株正常生长且叶呈绿色,而B瓶中植株的
- 7对于a>0且a≠1,在下列命题中,正确的命题是( )A.若M=N,则logaM=logaNB.若M,N∈R+,则log
- 8阅读下列材料。材料一:治世不一道,便国不法古。故汤、武不循古而王,夏、殷不易礼而亡,反古者不可非,而巡礼者不足多。 ——
- 9-These oranges are only a dollar eighty-nine a pound. (东城区)-
- 10凡尔赛体系与华盛顿体系 ( ) A.都是战胜国处置战败国的结果B.都是帝国主义宰割殖民地的结果 C.帝国