题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics.Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage.
Recently,scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true.THEY STUDIED A MIXED GROUP OF PEOPLE.Some were normal;others were aphasics.It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches—in most cases,the normal people were fooled by words,but the aphasics were not.
Some years ago,Dr.Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics.He mentioned a particular case in a hospital.Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV.Since the president had been an actor earlier,making a good speech was no problem for him.He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.
But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients.They didn’t seem to believe him.Instead,they burst into laughter.The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying.He was lying!
Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words.However,according to Dr.Sacks,they are more gifted than normal people.Normal people may get carried away by words.Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better,though they cannot understand words.
小题1:What is so surprising about aphasics?
| A．They can fool other people. | B．They can find out the hidden drugs. |
| C．They can understand language better. | D．They can tell whether people are lying. |
| A．By asking them to watch TV together. |
| B．By organizing them into acting groups. |
| C．By comparing them with normal people. |
| D．By giving them chances to speak on TV. |
| A．What one says reflects how one feels. |
| B．Aphasics have richer feelings than others. |
| C．Normal people often tell lies in their speeches. |
| D．People poor at one thing can be good at another. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:D
解析
小题1:这是一道细节题。根据第一段中的“From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices,they can tell lies from truths.”可判断出失语症患者最令人吃惊的是他们能搞清楚人们是否说谎。
小题2:这是一道细节题。根据第三段中的“Recently,scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal; others were aphasics.”可判断出科学家通过把失语症患者与正常人进行比较的办法对他们进行研究。
小题3:这是一道推断题。短文的第一段“People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics. Such patients can be extremely good at something else.”和第三段“Recently,scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal; others were aphasics.”是这篇短文的主题句。失语症患者虽然由于大脑损伤而失去了理解和使用语言的能力，但他们能够根据说话人的面部表情是说话的语调区分出他们说的是谎话还是真话。由此可推断出在某个方面能力弱的人可能在其他方面能力强。
核心考点
试题【People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV.
Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease.
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease.
However, scientists still don"t know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that
A．antiretroviral drugs will be obtained easily all over the world
B．the best way to stop AIDS is to develop a vaccine
B．scientists will soon find a way to cure AIDS
D．there will be fewer AIDS cases in the world in the future
小题2:Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly?
| A．Africa. | B．Asia. | C．The United States. | D．France. |
A．a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris succeeded in separating HIV
B．some effective medicine has been invented
B．scientists understand AIDS better and better.
D．The rate of HIV infections continue to rise in the United States
小题4:What"s the importance of the discovery of the source of AIDS?
A．It can be used to develop a test for AIDS.
B．It can stop HIV forming AIDS.
B．It can reduce the rate of death caused by AIDS.
D．It can help develop a drug to prevent AIDS.
. The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain. Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men. There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you can do to help yourself. Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many. Any time that you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day (even if you don’t normally do so), sitting next to a south-facing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure. Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help.
Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep the depression at bay. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain. It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a half-hour before you wake. This may help in waking at a regular time every morning, when it is still dark outside in the winter months.
Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available. Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum (also known as broad spectrum) light bulbs. While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight.
If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional. The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated w
ith medications or psychotherapy when other self-help methods aren’t effective. Don’t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional; it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten小题1: What do we know about winter depression?
| A．It is very common where the weather is cold. |
| B．It may lead to weight gain. |
| C．It occurs when the temperatures drop. |
| D．It seldom affects men. |
| A．Exposure to natural light. |
| B．Sports in winter months. |
| C．Outdoor activities. |
| D．Sunlight through the window. |
| A．To shorten the duration of the depression. |
| B．To use light to resist the depression. |
| C．To keep the depression manageable and minimal. |
| D．To delay the occurrence of the depression. |
| A．is much more effective than other kinds of therapy |
| B．is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it |
| C．encourages people to do outdoor exercises |
| D．needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones |
| A．self-help methods do not work 100% of the time |
| B．medications or psychotherapy is much more effective |
| C．mental health professionals don’t recommend self- help methods |
| D．most people prefer self-help methods to medications |
健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗？Healthy knees aren"t the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos（细高跟鞋）.
"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis（骨关节炎）— and once you do, it is too late," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School"s department of physical medicine.
"I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.”
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn"t new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained（扭伤）ankles and back problems.
But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage（软骨）surrounding the knee.
The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.
"This study confirms what we all intuitively（直觉地）know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?In my opinion, it is similar to smoking, for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life, it’ll be very painful. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words） 4. What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. Researchers from the University of Otago in Dunedin studied 1000 children from age 3 to 26．They found that those who watched television more than two hours a day had higher levels of obesity（肥胖）, blood cholesterol（胆固醇）and smoking — as well as lower levels of physical fitness — when they reached adulthood than kids who watched less than two hours a day.
Why? Partly because while they are watching TV kids aren"t getting out, exercising and playing with other kids, and burning off the calories. But more insidiously（不知不觉地）, while watching TV, they"re being shown a lot of ads for drinks and foods of uncertain nutritional value, most of which are full of sugar and fat.
Across the globe, about 155 million kids are obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force. The dangerous thing is not just the well-being of these kids as they grow up, but hundreds of billions of dollars of health costs spent on adults with heart disease, diabetes（糖尿病）, and the disabilities these disease will cause.
In Australia, two thirds of children are overweight and one third are obese. Twenty years ago, only about ten per cent were obese. And Australia has the greatest amount of junk food ads per hour of television than any other country in the world, including the US and the UK. About 30 per cent of all ads in kids" viewing time are for food or drinks. Most of them are for junk food: burgers, chips, soft drinks and sweets —high in fat, salt or sugar.
Here in Australia, experts are also calling for a ban on TV advertising of junk food to kids. The Coalition on Food Advertising to Children （CFAC） wants to make changes to laws, hoping it can ban all food advertising on TV during the time of the day when children under 12 years old are watching. This includes early and afternoon time, and evening TV between 5 pm and 9 pm.
小题1:From the passage, we can infer that the underlined word “obsess” probably means ______.
| A．very strong | B．very weak |
| C．very confident | D．very fat |
| A．more than 120 minutes a day | B．less than 120 minutes a day |
| C．180 minutes or so a day | D．240 minutes or so a day |
| A．Australia | B．Chinese | C．Canada | D．Germany |
| A．They are very expensive and harmful | B．They waste a lot of kids’ spare time |
| C．They persuade kids to eat junk food | D．They are more inviting and interesting |
Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence . But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people .
The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’（非智力因素）include 36 feelings , will , motivation （动机）, interests and habits . After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males , American psychologists （心理学） 37 that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence 38 , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence .
39 people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits , quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to 40 these factors .
Some parents are greatly worried 41 their children fail to do well in their studies . They blame either genetic （遗传的）factors , malnutrition ,（营养不良）or laziness , but they never take 42 consideration these non-intelligence factors . At the same time , some teachers don’t inquire into these , as reasons 43 students do poorly . They simply give them more courses and exercises , or 44 criticize or laugh at them . After all , these students lose self-confidence . Some of them just feel defeated and 45 themselves up as hopeless . Others may go astray（迷途）because they are sick of learning . 46 investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were 47 of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence , initiative （主动）and consciousness （正直地、谨慎的）and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning .
It is clear 48 the lack of cultivation （培养） of non-intelligence factors has been a main 49 to intelligence development in teenagers . It even causes an imbalance between physiological （生理的）and 50 development among a few students .
If we don’t start now to 51 the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the 52 of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation . Some experts have put forward 53 about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors .
First , parents and teachers should 54 understand teenage psychology . On this basis , they can help them to pursue （调动）the objectives of learning , 55 their interests and toughening their willpower .
36．A．one’s B．their C．his D．her
37．A．came out B．found out C．made out D．worked out
38．A．in itself B．by itself C．itself D．on its own
39．A．Though B．Nevertheless C．However D．Moreover
40．A．believing B．studying C．cultivating D．developing
41．A．about B．when C．how D．whether
42．A．for B．in C．into D．over
43．A．why B．that C．when D．how
44．A．ever B．even C．still D．more
45．A．put B．get C．handle D．give
46．A．The B．An C．Another D．A
47．A．afraid B．ahead C．aware D．ashamed
48．A．that B．how C．why D．which
49．A．difficulty B．question C．threat D．obstacle(障碍)
50．A．intelligent B．characteristic C．psychological D．physical
51．A．practise B．thrust C．strengthen D．urge
52．A．intelligence B．diligence C．maturity（成熟） D．performance
53．A．projects B．warnings C．suggestions D．decision
54．A．fully B．greatly C．very D．highly
55．A．insuring B．going C．encouraging D．exciting
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