题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively(被动地). We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).
Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.
That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping(打上标记)it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
小题1:According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.
A.doing a medical experiment | B.solving a math problem |
C.visiting an exhibition | D.doing scientific reasoning |
A.active learning | B.knowledge | C.communication | D.passive learning |
A.a message may be changed when being passed on |
B.a message should be delivered in different ways |
C.people may have problems with their sense of hearing |
D.people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor |
A.Active learning is less important. | B.Passive learning may not be reliable. |
C.Active learning occurs more frequently. | |
D.Passive learning is not found among scholars. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言。并用现实生活中简单的事例加以说明。
小题1:推理判断题。由文章第二段前两句we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some else,……in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被动学习是指由别人告知所获得的知识。故选C. A、B、D 都是主动学习。
小题2:推理判断题。根据it 所在句可知这个代词指代的是前句所提的被动学习,句意:在日常生活中依靠被动学习并不奇怪。
小题3:推理判断题。通过第四段最后一句可知,原始的含义改变了,例证了第三段提出的论点“被动学习使我们接受被告知的事物,甚至有时是谣言。”因此A项为正确项。
小题4:推理判断题。此题可用排除法。A、C两项未提,而由最后一段第一句可知D项不正确。由文章第三段加后几段的例证可推知B 项正确。
核心考点
试题【We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively(被动地). We achieve it active】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. It’s similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I’m looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk.” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.
We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring(探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about explorers. Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually came up along the way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Italian burial mound.
Often we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that we visited regularly----tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.
It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.
小题1:The author and his fiends were often out in the woods to _______.
A.spend their free time | B.play gold and other sports |
C.avoid doing their schoolwork | D.keep away from their parents |
A.The activities in the woods were well planned. |
B.Human history is not the result of exploration. |
C.Exploration should be a systematic activity. |
D.The author explored in the woods aimlessly. |
A.calm | B.doubtful | C.serious | D.optimistic |
A.Happy but short. | B.Lonely but memorable. |
C.Boring and meaningless. | D.Long and unforgettable. |
I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You ___7___ from a high place about 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope ___8___ to your ankles. You ___9___ at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from ___10___ the ground. It is said that 2 million people around the world have now ___11___ bungee jumping. Other activities, ___12___ most people would say are as dangerous as bungee jumping, ___13___ jumping from tall buildings and ___14___ into the sea from the top of high rocks.
Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists(心理学家) suggest that it is because life in ___15___ societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people’s lives were constantly under ___16___. They had to go out and hunt for ___17___, and life was a continuous battle for survival.
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers ___18___ excitement. They live and work in relatively safe condition; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to ___19___ them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to ___20___ danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
1. A. escaping from B. taking part in C. going in D. taking in
2. A. looked up B. looked into C. looked for D. looked around
3. A. lowest B. highest C. beautiful D. wild
4. A. sailed B. swam C. jumped D. crossed
5. A. safe B. excited C. funny D. dangerous
6. A. years B. seconds C. hours D. days
7. A. jump B. run C. walk D. cross
8. A. followed B. tied C. brought D. took
9. A. go B. run C. fall D. fly
10. A. falling B. running C. flying D. hitting
11. A. tried B. looked for C. found D. studied
12. A. that B. which C. it D. what
13. A. hold B. include C. find D. contain
14. A. swimming B. running C. diving D. sailing
15. A. old B. modern C. past D. formal
16. A. safety B. imperfection C. danger D. perfection
17. A. animals B. food C. water D. dangers
18. A. few B. little C. much D. many
19. A. look at B. look into C. look for D. look after
20. A. look for B. look after C. explore D. find
As for the soul of man, the Eskimos do not claim to know exactly what it is… but, who does? They see it, however, as the beginning of life, and the energy ___5___ which life cannot continue.
An Eskimo’s name is ___6___ to give life of ___7___. It has in it all the good qualities of all the persons who have been called by it. Many Eskimos believe that a newborn baby ___8___ because it wants ___9___ name and will not complete until it gets it.
Immediately after a birth, some wise elders ___10___ to ___11___ the child. The name that is ___12___ must be ___13___ of someone who has died ___14___. When my son was born, everyone realized that ___15___ was great-grandfather, Mequsaq(who had died a few months ___16___,) who had been reborn in him. The newborn baby had a slight squint(看一眼) in ___17___ eye that old Mequsaq had ___18___ to the enemy ride in the battle. This was taken as a ___19___ from the name spirit that the baby ___20___ be called Mequsaq.
1. A. separate B. complete C. serious D scientific
2. A. thought B. idea C. belief D. theory
3. A. result B. effect C. control D. touch
4. A. thread B. line C. way D. rope
5. A. with B. without C. by D. along
6. A. believed B. taken C. held D. regarded
7. A. his own B. its own C. own D. itself
8. A. sobs B. laughs C. weeps D. cries
9. A. it B. his C. her D. its
10. A. run B. discuss C. gather D. appear
11. A. name B. call C. hold D. dress
12. A. decided B. selected C. elected D. demanded
13. A. this B. these C. those D. that
14. A. recently B. long ago C. just now D. meanwhile
15. A. this B. that C. it D. who
16. A. since B. later C. ago D. before
17. A. the other B. the same C. the different D. other
18. A. hurt B. wounded C. lost D. injured
19. A. choice B. decision C. notice D. sign
20. A. could B. might C. would D. should
Women earn less than men. For example, in 1988 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 16% less than those of men. The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men is much smaller than that between middle-aged women and men. It is also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers in an industry who are women, the lower the average wages.
Why do women earn less than men? Are the differences explained by the fact that women are looked down upon? If so, the government has to intervene, to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. however, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap. One view argues that women on the average have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background which is shown in the difference in the marginal product between men and women.
Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some bias against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline. An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor input demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines. The result will be a surplus of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.
小题1:The difference in labor incomes is most obvious between _______.
A.young men and young women |
B.young women in the same industry |
C.middle-aged men and middle-aged women |
D.middle-aged women in the same industry |
A.women are less experienced than men |
B.women are only provided with low-paying jobs |
C.women have much freedom in selecting their jobs |
D.there is more than enough women in the labor force |
A.Women receive less education than men. |
B.Women are not as productive as men. |
C.Levels of education are closely related to productivity. |
D.Goods produced by women are not as good as those by men. |
A.To ensure equal pay for women. |
B.To explain why women are paid less. |
C.To force employers to hire more women. |
D.No solution is clearly suggested. |
A.Input of capital would be increased. |
B.The unemployment rate would go up. |
C.Those that have jobs would become better off. |
D.Women as a group would earn more than before. |
Between Macao Peninsula and Dingbat Isle there are two bridges which join the two parts together, and there is also a highway between the Dingbat and Lehman Isles. Therefore, two bridges and one highway make the three parts of Macao into an integrated region(一个整体).
Macao faces to the vast sea and its back is the Pearl River Delta. The two big cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the two special economic zones Hula and Shenzhen are its neighbors. All of this offers much advantage for its economic development.
Macao has a population of about 450, 000. This is very large against the size of the area. The average population density(密度) reaches 20, 000 per square kilometer. It is one of the densest population regions in the world. The majority of its people are Chinese, who make up 96% of the whole population.
小题1:Which is the advantage for Macao’s economic development?
A.Macao is on the coast line. |
B.Macao is near some big cities or special economic zones. |
C.Macao’s back is a rich delta. |
D.All of the above. |
A.18,000 | B.20,000 |
C.21,450 | D.428,000 |
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