题目
题型：模拟题难度：来源：
according to a federal government survey released on Tuesday.
On average, 8.5 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 17 described having had a major depressive episode
in the previous year, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported.
But there were "striking differences" by sex, with 12.7 percent of girls and 4.6 percent of boys affected.
Depression is the leading cause of suicide, which in turn is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24
year olds in the United States.
"Combined 2004 to 2006 data show that rates of past year major depressive experience among youths
aged 12 to 17 generally increased with increasing age," the researchers wrote.
Researchers at SAMHSA and RTI International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, prepared the
report using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
More than 67,700 youths aged 12 to 17 answered questions about mood and depression. They were also
asked to rate how depression affected them using the Sheehan Disability Scale, which measures impact on
family, friends, chores at home, work and school.
Researchers defined a major depressive episode as two weeks or longer of depressed mood or loss of
interest or pleasure, and at least four other symptoms (症状) such as problems with sleep, energy,
concentration or self-image.
Nearly half of the teenagers who had major depression said it severely damaged their ability to function in
at least one of the areas on the disability scale.
"Fortunately, depression responds very well to early intervention and treatment," SAMHSA Administrator
Terry Cline said in a statement.
B. expression
C. experience
D. experiment
B. poor health, sex discrimination, less energy and loss of interest
C. suicide, sadness,lack of confidence and depression
D. no family or friends or jobs or interests at all
B. There were over 2 million American teens suffering depression in the past two years.
C. The students surveyed were aged between 12 and 17.
D. Depression is the third leading cause of suicide.
B. How to live a comfortable life.
C. How to recover from stress.
D. How to prevent and treat depression.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 More than 2 million US teenagers have suffered a serious bout (发作) of 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a
big plant-eater, it largely shapes the- forest-and-savanna (大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore
setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant"s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder
of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees
and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical
forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants
in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight
and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make
open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable
for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant
disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly
changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
C. The effect of African elephants" search for food.
D. The eating habit of African elephants.
B. Worsening the state.
C. Improving the quality.
D. Deciding the conditions.
B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.
C. They are home to many endangered animals.
D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.
consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased
sympathetic nervous system (交感神经系统) activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair
and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a
matter of controversy. A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal
"American psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for
the body as meditation (冥想) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe
that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number
of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work
best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods,
you can find the one that works best on you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, auto analysis and progressive muscle relaxation response.
More than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these
reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
relaxation?
B. The heart beats less frequently.
C. Muscles become tense and the body sweats easily.
D. The consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
B. structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
C. to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
D. what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation
B. getting what one wants most
C. finding out a suitable relaxation technique
D. reaching a state of deep relaxation
B. objective
C. optimistic
D. critical
body"s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald"s hamburger. American doctors" TV ad features the
image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line "I was lovin" it".
The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered
McDonald"s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world"s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is
a twist on McDonald"s long-standing advertising slogan, "I"m lovin" it" and a voice-over intones, "High
cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian."
The commercial, funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), goes further
than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger
multinational and the broader restaurant industry.
The National Restaurant Association criticized it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the
public with a "limited" view of nutrition. A McDonald"s spokesman said,"This commercial is unbearable,
misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald"s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices
that are right for them."
The commercial, to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in further US cities,
comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama, has
made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-
particularly among American children, a third of whom are overweight.
The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald"s has enjoyed a relatively
prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street
restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2.3 billion, powered by sales rises
both in the United States and Britain.
The PCRM"s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden
arches (拱门):"McDonald"s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches
are instantly recognizable. We feel we"re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald"s."
B. to convince people of cause of the death
C. to remind people of the man"s preference
D. to accuse McDonald"s of the murder
B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste
C. Michelle Obama"s campaign doesn"t work
D. McDonald"s provides unhealthy food
B. the ad
C. McDonald"s
D. fast food
B. McDonald"s targeted in US health ad
C. N US health ad advocates healthy life
D. Say goodbye to McDonald"s right now
Wrong, according to a controversial new book by nutritionist Zoe Harcombe. In the book, Harcombe
charts her careful journey of research into studies that underpin (巩固) dietary advice-and her myth (误
区)-breaking conclusions are surprising.
Myth: 2._____.
"Real fat is not bad for us," says Harcombe. It" s man-made fats we should be demonising. Why do
we have this idea that meat is full of saturated fat? In a 100g pork chop, there is 2.3g of unsaturated fat
and l.5 g of saturated fat.
Myth: We should eat more fibre.
For three decades, we have eaten fibre into our bodies to help us feel full and keep our digestive systems
moving. 3._____, says Harcombe.
The advice to eat more fibre is put forward along with the theory that we need to clean our digestive
systems. But essential minerals are absorbed from food while it is in the intestines (肠道), so why do we
want to wash everything out? Concentrate on not putting bad food in.
Myth: You need to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day.
"Five-a-day is the most well-known piece of nutritional advice," says Harcombe. "You" d think it was
based on firm evidence of health benefit. 4._____."
Five-a-day started as a marketing campaign by 25 fruit and veg companies and the American National
Cancer Institute in 1991. There was no evidence for any cancer benefit.
Myth: Fruit and veg are the most nutritious things to eat.
Apparently not. Harcombe allows that vegetables are a great addition to the diet-if served in butter to
deliver the fat-soluble (dissolved) vitamins they contain-but natural sugar, the fruit sugar in fruit, goes
straight to the liver and is stored as fat.
5._____, says Harcombe, who adds:"Vitamins and minerals in animal foods-meat, fish, eggs and dairy
products-beat those in fruit."
B. We think we know what to eat
C. This is not a good idea
D. Fat is bad for us
E. Think again
F. We need take more exercise
G. Fruit is best avoided by those trying to lose weight
now own more products than ever before; there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth several times
over; there is hardly any forest left and pollution has got to the point where we buy water. Within a few years
I predict you will be able to buy air. (There once was a time when you didn"t need to buy food or shelter either.)
Important developments in the last century are the breaking down of the class structures left over from the
Industrial Revolution stage, bringing with it the empowerment of the "common man": the working day is set by
law to only 8 hours a day, everyone has the vote, the media has less obvious government control, people have
landed on the moon, sent spacecrafts to Mars and so on. Families have also shrunk drastically (强烈地); the
nuclear family came about, and especially in the last half of the 20th century, one-parent families are becoming
more common. This shrinking in the size of the family shows the increased independence of people-once upon
a time people had to live in large groups to survive.
As humans have "become the gods", they have realized their individuality and independence and taken their
control of the world to an extreme. In many countries the land is almost completely used in the production of
food and as living space and they live in small cities which are entirely human constructed, made from materials
which are also entirely human constructed (concrete, bricks) with hardly any remains of nature. Weeds are
poisoned because they are messy; even parks have trees grown in tidy lines; grass is mowed to keep it short
and so on. I think the massive drug "problem" troubling people is a result of too much of this influence, humans
needing to escape the stark world they have created by entering fantasy worlds.
Over the last 100 years, the 20th century consciousness has spread throughout the world; most of Asia has
been thoroughly "Westernized", and most of the Third World is being overrun by Western ways of doing things
and living.
B. Strong effects of development.
C. Changed positions of humans as gods.
D. The process of the Industrial Revolution.
B. Tolerant.
C. Vague.
D. Negative.
B. Illegal.
C. Dull.
D. Violent.
B. People have damaged nature too much.
C. Men"s independence is partially limited.
D. People show concern for nuclear families.
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