题目
题型：模拟题难度：来源：
(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a
big plant-eater, it largely shapes the- forest-and-savanna (大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore
setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant"s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder
of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees
and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical
forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants
in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight
and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make
open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable
for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant
disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly
changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
C. The effect of African elephants" search for food.
D. The eating habit of African elephants.
B. Worsening the state.
C. Improving the quality.
D. Deciding the conditions.
B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.
C. They are home to many endangered animals.
D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is o】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased
sympathetic nervous system (交感神经系统) activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair
and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a
matter of controversy. A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal
"American psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for
the body as meditation (冥想) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe
that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number
of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work
best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods,
you can find the one that works best on you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, auto analysis and progressive muscle relaxation response.
More than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these
reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
relaxation?
B. The heart beats less frequently.
C. Muscles become tense and the body sweats easily.
D. The consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
B. structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
C. to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
D. what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation
B. getting what one wants most
C. finding out a suitable relaxation technique
D. reaching a state of deep relaxation
B. objective
C. optimistic
D. critical
body"s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald"s hamburger. American doctors" TV ad features the
image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line "I was lovin" it".
The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered
McDonald"s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world"s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is
a twist on McDonald"s long-standing advertising slogan, "I"m lovin" it" and a voice-over intones, "High
cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian."
The commercial, funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), goes further
than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger
multinational and the broader restaurant industry.
The National Restaurant Association criticized it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the
public with a "limited" view of nutrition. A McDonald"s spokesman said,"This commercial is unbearable,
misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald"s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices
that are right for them."
The commercial, to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in further US cities,
comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama, has
made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-
particularly among American children, a third of whom are overweight.
The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald"s has enjoyed a relatively
prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street
restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2.3 billion, powered by sales rises
both in the United States and Britain.
The PCRM"s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden
arches (拱门):"McDonald"s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches
are instantly recognizable. We feel we"re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald"s."
B. to convince people of cause of the death
C. to remind people of the man"s preference
D. to accuse McDonald"s of the murder
B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste
C. Michelle Obama"s campaign doesn"t work
D. McDonald"s provides unhealthy food
B. the ad
C. McDonald"s
D. fast food
B. McDonald"s targeted in US health ad
C. N US health ad advocates healthy life
D. Say goodbye to McDonald"s right now
Wrong, according to a controversial new book by nutritionist Zoe Harcombe. In the book, Harcombe
charts her careful journey of research into studies that underpin (巩固) dietary advice-and her myth (误
区)-breaking conclusions are surprising.
Myth: 2._____.
"Real fat is not bad for us," says Harcombe. It" s man-made fats we should be demonising. Why do
we have this idea that meat is full of saturated fat? In a 100g pork chop, there is 2.3g of unsaturated fat
and l.5 g of saturated fat.
Myth: We should eat more fibre.
For three decades, we have eaten fibre into our bodies to help us feel full and keep our digestive systems
moving. 3._____, says Harcombe.
The advice to eat more fibre is put forward along with the theory that we need to clean our digestive
systems. But essential minerals are absorbed from food while it is in the intestines (肠道), so why do we
want to wash everything out? Concentrate on not putting bad food in.
Myth: You need to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day.
"Five-a-day is the most well-known piece of nutritional advice," says Harcombe. "You" d think it was
based on firm evidence of health benefit. 4._____."
Five-a-day started as a marketing campaign by 25 fruit and veg companies and the American National
Cancer Institute in 1991. There was no evidence for any cancer benefit.
Myth: Fruit and veg are the most nutritious things to eat.
Apparently not. Harcombe allows that vegetables are a great addition to the diet-if served in butter to
deliver the fat-soluble (dissolved) vitamins they contain-but natural sugar, the fruit sugar in fruit, goes
straight to the liver and is stored as fat.
5._____, says Harcombe, who adds:"Vitamins and minerals in animal foods-meat, fish, eggs and dairy
products-beat those in fruit."
B. We think we know what to eat
C. This is not a good idea
D. Fat is bad for us
E. Think again
F. We need take more exercise
G. Fruit is best avoided by those trying to lose weight
now own more products than ever before; there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth several times
over; there is hardly any forest left and pollution has got to the point where we buy water. Within a few years
I predict you will be able to buy air. (There once was a time when you didn"t need to buy food or shelter either.)
Important developments in the last century are the breaking down of the class structures left over from the
Industrial Revolution stage, bringing with it the empowerment of the "common man": the working day is set by
law to only 8 hours a day, everyone has the vote, the media has less obvious government control, people have
landed on the moon, sent spacecrafts to Mars and so on. Families have also shrunk drastically (强烈地); the
nuclear family came about, and especially in the last half of the 20th century, one-parent families are becoming
more common. This shrinking in the size of the family shows the increased independence of people-once upon
a time people had to live in large groups to survive.
As humans have "become the gods", they have realized their individuality and independence and taken their
control of the world to an extreme. In many countries the land is almost completely used in the production of
food and as living space and they live in small cities which are entirely human constructed, made from materials
which are also entirely human constructed (concrete, bricks) with hardly any remains of nature. Weeds are
poisoned because they are messy; even parks have trees grown in tidy lines; grass is mowed to keep it short
and so on. I think the massive drug "problem" troubling people is a result of too much of this influence, humans
needing to escape the stark world they have created by entering fantasy worlds.
Over the last 100 years, the 20th century consciousness has spread throughout the world; most of Asia has
been thoroughly "Westernized", and most of the Third World is being overrun by Western ways of doing things
and living.
B. Strong effects of development.
C. Changed positions of humans as gods.
D. The process of the Industrial Revolution.
B. Tolerant.
C. Vague.
D. Negative.
B. Illegal.
C. Dull.
D. Violent.
B. People have damaged nature too much.
C. Men"s independence is partially limited.
D. People show concern for nuclear families.
Recently, a solar powered plane took to the sky for the first time. It had passed an important test on the
way to travel around the world.
The plane took off from an airport in Switzerland at 45 km an hour It slowly rose above the fields and
into the sky. During the 90-minute flight, the plane did several turns. It climbed nearly l.6 km above the
countryside.
Engineers plan to test a night flight before July. Then they will use the results of the tests to build a second
plane. They plan to travel around the world in that plane in 2012. The plane flies at 70 km an hour. That is
faster than a bike and slower than a car. The pilots will keep the plane in the air for up to five days at a time.
(II)
Cities and states with more sidewalks and bike paths tend to have slimmer residents than locations where
people must rely on vehicle transportation, according to a new study.
The study shows active travel has significant health benefits, people who live in areas that are more
conductive (有益的) to walking and cycling are more likely "to engage in these forms of active transport.
Researchers analyzed data from all 50 US states and 47 largest US cities, along with international data from
14 countries. Results showed that walking and cycling rates could explain more than half of the differences
in obesity rates among countries.
The US doesn"t measure up well in the study, coming in at No. 12 out of 14 0n percent-age of trips adults
take by bike or on foot. Australia came in last.
The researchers suggest that in addition to infrastructure (基础设施) improvements, cities and states
should create restrictions on car use, such as car-free zones, reductions in motor vehicle speeds, and limit
more expensive car parking.
B. The second plane will be bigger and fly faster.
C. The plane will fly for at most five hours at a time.
D. The plane uses no fuel and goes faster than a car.
B. teach us how to keep residents slimmer
C. tell us people in "active cities" are slimmer
D. compare the living level of developed countries
B. all the US states and largest cities are involved with this survey
C. more expensive car parking can contribute to improve infrastructure
D. the number of bikes in Australia may be the greatest of the 14 countries
B. Science and health.
C. Culture and Communication.
D. Sports and Entertainment.
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