题目
题型：北京模拟题难度：来源：
consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased
sympathetic nervous system (交感神经系统) activity. This restful state not only allows the body to repair
and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a
matter of controversy. A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal
"American psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for
the body as meditation (冥想) does. Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. These experts believe
that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number
of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. One day, one method may work
best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. Once you are aware of all the methods,
you can find the one that works best on you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, auto analysis and progressive muscle relaxation response.
More than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these
reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
relaxation?
B. The heart beats less frequently.
C. Muscles become tense and the body sweats easily.
D. The consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
B. structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
C. to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
D. what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation
B. getting what one wants most
C. finding out a suitable relaxation technique
D. reaching a state of deep relaxation
B. objective
C. optimistic
D. critical
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
body"s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald"s hamburger. American doctors" TV ad features the
image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line "I was lovin" it".
The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered
McDonald"s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world"s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is
a twist on McDonald"s long-standing advertising slogan, "I"m lovin" it" and a voice-over intones, "High
cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian."
The commercial, funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), goes further
than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger
multinational and the broader restaurant industry.
The National Restaurant Association criticized it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the
public with a "limited" view of nutrition. A McDonald"s spokesman said,"This commercial is unbearable,
misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald"s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices
that are right for them."
The commercial, to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in further US cities,
comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama, has
made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-
particularly among American children, a third of whom are overweight.
The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald"s has enjoyed a relatively
prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street
restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2.3 billion, powered by sales rises
both in the United States and Britain.
The PCRM"s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden
arches (拱门):"McDonald"s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches
are instantly recognizable. We feel we"re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald"s."
B. to convince people of cause of the death
C. to remind people of the man"s preference
D. to accuse McDonald"s of the murder
B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste
C. Michelle Obama"s campaign doesn"t work
D. McDonald"s provides unhealthy food
B. the ad
C. McDonald"s
D. fast food
B. McDonald"s targeted in US health ad
C. N US health ad advocates healthy life
D. Say goodbye to McDonald"s right now
Wrong, according to a controversial new book by nutritionist Zoe Harcombe. In the book, Harcombe
charts her careful journey of research into studies that underpin (巩固) dietary advice-and her myth (误
区)-breaking conclusions are surprising.
Myth: 2._____.
"Real fat is not bad for us," says Harcombe. It" s man-made fats we should be demonising. Why do
we have this idea that meat is full of saturated fat? In a 100g pork chop, there is 2.3g of unsaturated fat
and l.5 g of saturated fat.
Myth: We should eat more fibre.
For three decades, we have eaten fibre into our bodies to help us feel full and keep our digestive systems
moving. 3._____, says Harcombe.
The advice to eat more fibre is put forward along with the theory that we need to clean our digestive
systems. But essential minerals are absorbed from food while it is in the intestines (肠道), so why do we
want to wash everything out? Concentrate on not putting bad food in.
Myth: You need to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day.
"Five-a-day is the most well-known piece of nutritional advice," says Harcombe. "You" d think it was
based on firm evidence of health benefit. 4._____."
Five-a-day started as a marketing campaign by 25 fruit and veg companies and the American National
Cancer Institute in 1991. There was no evidence for any cancer benefit.
Myth: Fruit and veg are the most nutritious things to eat.
Apparently not. Harcombe allows that vegetables are a great addition to the diet-if served in butter to
deliver the fat-soluble (dissolved) vitamins they contain-but natural sugar, the fruit sugar in fruit, goes
straight to the liver and is stored as fat.
5._____, says Harcombe, who adds:"Vitamins and minerals in animal foods-meat, fish, eggs and dairy
products-beat those in fruit."
B. We think we know what to eat
C. This is not a good idea
D. Fat is bad for us
E. Think again
F. We need take more exercise
G. Fruit is best avoided by those trying to lose weight
now own more products than ever before; there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth several times
over; there is hardly any forest left and pollution has got to the point where we buy water. Within a few years
I predict you will be able to buy air. (There once was a time when you didn"t need to buy food or shelter either.)
Important developments in the last century are the breaking down of the class structures left over from the
Industrial Revolution stage, bringing with it the empowerment of the "common man": the working day is set by
law to only 8 hours a day, everyone has the vote, the media has less obvious government control, people have
landed on the moon, sent spacecrafts to Mars and so on. Families have also shrunk drastically (强烈地); the
nuclear family came about, and especially in the last half of the 20th century, one-parent families are becoming
more common. This shrinking in the size of the family shows the increased independence of people-once upon
a time people had to live in large groups to survive.
As humans have "become the gods", they have realized their individuality and independence and taken their
control of the world to an extreme. In many countries the land is almost completely used in the production of
food and as living space and they live in small cities which are entirely human constructed, made from materials
which are also entirely human constructed (concrete, bricks) with hardly any remains of nature. Weeds are
poisoned because they are messy; even parks have trees grown in tidy lines; grass is mowed to keep it short
and so on. I think the massive drug "problem" troubling people is a result of too much of this influence, humans
needing to escape the stark world they have created by entering fantasy worlds.
Over the last 100 years, the 20th century consciousness has spread throughout the world; most of Asia has
been thoroughly "Westernized", and most of the Third World is being overrun by Western ways of doing things
and living.
B. Strong effects of development.
C. Changed positions of humans as gods.
D. The process of the Industrial Revolution.
B. Tolerant.
C. Vague.
D. Negative.
B. Illegal.
C. Dull.
D. Violent.
B. People have damaged nature too much.
C. Men"s independence is partially limited.
D. People show concern for nuclear families.
Recently, a solar powered plane took to the sky for the first time. It had passed an important test on the
way to travel around the world.
The plane took off from an airport in Switzerland at 45 km an hour It slowly rose above the fields and
into the sky. During the 90-minute flight, the plane did several turns. It climbed nearly l.6 km above the
countryside.
Engineers plan to test a night flight before July. Then they will use the results of the tests to build a second
plane. They plan to travel around the world in that plane in 2012. The plane flies at 70 km an hour. That is
faster than a bike and slower than a car. The pilots will keep the plane in the air for up to five days at a time.
(II)
Cities and states with more sidewalks and bike paths tend to have slimmer residents than locations where
people must rely on vehicle transportation, according to a new study.
The study shows active travel has significant health benefits, people who live in areas that are more
conductive (有益的) to walking and cycling are more likely "to engage in these forms of active transport.
Researchers analyzed data from all 50 US states and 47 largest US cities, along with international data from
14 countries. Results showed that walking and cycling rates could explain more than half of the differences
in obesity rates among countries.
The US doesn"t measure up well in the study, coming in at No. 12 out of 14 0n percent-age of trips adults
take by bike or on foot. Australia came in last.
The researchers suggest that in addition to infrastructure (基础设施) improvements, cities and states
should create restrictions on car use, such as car-free zones, reductions in motor vehicle speeds, and limit
more expensive car parking.
B. The second plane will be bigger and fly faster.
C. The plane will fly for at most five hours at a time.
D. The plane uses no fuel and goes faster than a car.
B. teach us how to keep residents slimmer
C. tell us people in "active cities" are slimmer
D. compare the living level of developed countries
B. all the US states and largest cities are involved with this survey
C. more expensive car parking can contribute to improve infrastructure
D. the number of bikes in Australia may be the greatest of the 14 countries
B. Science and health.
C. Culture and Communication.
D. Sports and Entertainment.
sea-level rise is now unavoidable (不可避免的), it will happen faster than most of us thought, and it will
go on for a very long time.
Even if greenhouse gas emissions (排放) stopped tomorrow, the oceans would continue to become
larger as they get warm. The climate scientists estimate that sea-level rise may be in the range of 1 to 2
meters by 2100, with a small risk of an even greater rise.
For many islands and low-lying regions, even small rises will cause disasters. But for most countries,
the problem is what has been built on that land: New York, Sydney and Tokyo, to mention just a few
cities. Unless something can be done, great areas of urban network will disappear under the waves. It
will take a great engineering effort to protect these cities-an effort that may be beyond economies that
have been brought to their knees.
None of this means we should fear, and stop trying to forbid emissions. But together with these efforts,
we need to start acting now and we must stop building in danger zones.
Billions of dollars are being spent on constructing homes, offices and roads in vulnerable (脆弱的)
coastal areas. For instance, the skyscrapers of Shanghai are being built on land that is mere 4 meters
above sea level on average, and they are sinking under the weight of the buildings. Therefore, planning
for new coastal developments is to go against reality. If we want to build a lasting heritage for our children,
we should do so on the plentiful land that is in no danger from the sea. It is one of the effective ways to
slow down climate change, and we should be acting on it now.
B. temperature change of the oceans
C. vulnerable coastal area
D. fast urban development and expansion
B. modem cities are usually built along the coastline
C. the coastline is very important for modem countries
D. climate change can do harm to economies
B. people have lost confidence in their economies
C. economy development has made climate change worse
D. protecting the cities may cost more than what has been obtained
B. stop building skyscrapers in big cities like Sydney and Tokyo
C. build cities on the land free from the danger of sea-level rise
D. be aware of the danger of greenhouse gas emissions into the ocean
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