题目
题型：广东省模拟题难度：来源：
apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent
cannot increase, therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after
a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits.
Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new
buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who
need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of
apartments in the city.
Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal
government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally
look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers.
They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases.
Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics
claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves
without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers
cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept
jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent
control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal". Economists
do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some
economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Fconomists do agree, however, that there are
no simple answers to economic questions.
B. worry those who rent apartments as homes
C. increase the profits of landlords
D. encourage landlords to invest in building apartment
B. worry those who rent apartments as homes
C. increase the profits of landlords
D. encourage landlords to invest in building apartment
B. if the minimum wage is set too low
C. if the workers are unskilled
D. if the maximum wage is set
B. the possible results of government controls
C. the necessity of government control
D. the urgency of getting rid of government controls
B. Minimum wage cannot always protect employees.
C. Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.
D. Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
of Chinese came to the Shanxi village to visit its terraced fields (梯田) and "splendid" irrigation systems.
It was not until 1978 when Guo Fenglian, head of the village, paid a visit to the US that China"s model
village found how far it had fallen behind those in developed countries.
"I was astonished at their modern equipment in harvesting, which could even separate big tomatoes
with small ones," said Guo. "American farmers" life quality also impressed me a lot. Every day they had
two cups of milk, which is something we don"t have even m our wildest dreams."
"We have to learn their advanced technology and administration for our own development," said then
first Deputy Prime Minister Deng Xiaoping who was planning China"s reform and opening up policy then.
"Through opening our doors, we would not only take advantage of foreign funds (资金), but also create
job opportunities and cultivate (培养) talents."
In 1978 Japanese electricity giant Panasonic (松下) came "to China as the first foreign business to invest
(投资) here and its success attracted other world brands into exploring the Chinese market. So far China
has for 15 years taken in the world"s second biggest foreign investment, following the US, to help set the
country in a fast growth.
However, China"s 30-year road of reform was not always smooth. Doubts on the reform began to rise
at the end of the 1980s as many people worried the country would turn to capitalism.
"The criterion for our judgment is whether it helps develop socialist productive forces, whether it helps
increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards,"
said Deng.
"China"s reform and opening up is a unique success story. It has brought benefit to both China and the
world," said William Keller, chief manager of a Swiss pharmaceutical (制药的) company.
B. its terraced fields
C. its modern equipment
D. the farmer"s life
in 1978.
B. delighted
C. excited
D. attracted
B. Japan
C. Swiss
D. Panasonic
B. in 1980
C. in 1981
D. at the end of the 1980s
B. Whether it strengthens the overall capacity of the country.
C. Whether it brings about better investment and more profit.
D. Whether it improves the peoples living standards.
Fernandez-Han might have a few good ideas for you. Fabian won the NYSE Financial Future Challenge,
sponsored by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Foundation. He received a prize of $2500 and had the
honor of ringing the closing bell at the stock exchange on January 11.
The contest aimed at getting young people to think about money management and investing. Kids ages 6 to
19 were asked to create a product idea that would teach their peers about finances and the stock market, and
inspire them to think about saving or investing money. Financial experts chose five finaltsts, including Fabian,
from thousands of entries. Voters on Bykids-forkids.com picked Fabian"s "Oink-a-Saurus" as the winner.
Fabian"s Oink-a-Saurus is an idea for an iPhone or iPod app, a computer program that runs on Apple phones
and MP3 players. Oink-a-Saurus would gather information about people"s interests and spcnding habits by
tracking what they browsed online or bought in stores. Like an imaginary piggy bank. Oink-a-Saurus would then
show how much money a user might have earned by saving and/or investing the money, instead of spending it.
The other finalists offered their own cool ideas for teaching kids about finance. Eight-year-old Tyra Smith
proposed "Stock Pocket", a game that would use electronic flashcards. Players would learn facts about the
stock market and win points by answering questions correctly. Twelve-year-old Kelsey Foss suggested a reality
TV show called "Stock Market Tycoon Idol". On the show, kids would compete to make or lose virtual money
by investing in the stock market. Her plan included adult experts helping the kids and teaching the audience about
money at the same time.
Fabian and the other contestants tackled (处理) a very tough topic. Investing in the stock market is tricky
even for many adults to understand. The New York Stock Exchange is the biggest American marketplace for
buying and selling stocks, or parts of public companies. While some companies are privately owned by a person
or family, many big companies divide ownership into share or many little pieces of the company"s total value.
Together, the shares are called stock. People can invest their money in a company by buying one or more of its
shares. If the company does well, the value of the investment usually goes up. If they wish, investors can then
sell their shares at a profit. Money can be lost in the stock market as well, when the value of shares falls. Many
investors lost money during the recent economic downturn.
B. create an idea for a product that would help kids learn about money management and investing
C. compete for jobs on the floor of the stock exchange
D. pass a test about money management and investing
B. teachers and principals
C. computer experts
D. money experts
B. a computer and a partner
C. stock in at least one company
D. a low-interest credit card
B. iPod app.
C. Stock Pocket.
D. Stock Market Tycoon Idol.
B. what adults should help kids with
C. how to make an investment
D. how to make a great idea
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
automakers right?
For years, the auto industry"s critics have been calling for Detroit to roll out small cars that they say
Americans are demanding for. The question is, do we really want to drive small cars? The answer, according
to some analysts, is already clear. "Domestic auto companies feel forced to offer smaller vehicles because of
pressure from the government." says John Wolconowicz, an auto analyst for IHS Global Insight.
Whether we want the vehicles or not, automakers are devoted to a small-car sales strategy. General Motors
is unveiling (推出) three new small cars-the Chevrolet Cruze, a small car due next year; the Spark, a minicar
due in 2011; and the Chevy Aveo, a compact. Mike DiGiovanni, executive director of the global market notes
that GM is presuming a return to high oil prices that will cause the market to shift to smaller vehicles.
At Ford, there are no plans to abandon production of big trucks. But the company is making small cars a
priority, launching the Ford Fiesta and the C-MAX, a compact car with sliding doors and three rows of seats,
in 2011. "We can"t even think about growing our market share without having a strong pressure in the small-
vehicle market" George Pipas, Ford"s chief U.S. sales analyst says.
Not everyone is so big on Americans going small. This seems to be evident on dealer lots (停车场). Jack
Kain, a Ford dealer in Versailles, Ky., said the F150 truck remains his bigger seller. He predicts trucks will
continue to outsell small cars, at least in his area "People won"t give up the safety and comfort of the larger
cars," he says.
But Ford"s Pipas is confident that many will embrace the industry"s new focus. Detroit"s big hopes, he
admits, are riding on the future of small cars.
never made it into space. Today it sits in a closet in Maryland. Cost to taxpayers for storing it: $1 million a
year. And that"s just what"s hiding in one closet. Who knows what"s in the rest of them?
Because we think the government should be held to at least the same standards as a publicly traded
company, and because as taxpayers, we"re America"s shareholders, we performed an audit (财务检查) of
sorts of the federal books. We"re not economists, but we do have common sense. We tried to be apolitical
(无关政治的) and got help from Congressional staffers from both parties, as well as various watchdog
groups and agencies. In the end, we found that the federal government wastes nearly $1 trillion every year.
That"s roughly equal to the amount collected annually by the Internal Revenue Service in personal income
taxes. Put another way, it"s also equal to about one-third of the country"s $2.9 trillion total annual budget.
And reclaiming that lost trillion (三十亿) could help wipe out the country"s annual budget deficit (赤字),
improve education, and provide health insurance for those who don"t have it.
So how do you define "waste"? David Walker of the Government Accountability Office (GAO), a federal
watchdog agency, calls it "the government"s failure to give taxpayers the most for their money." For our part,
we used the kind of household test you would use on a piece of meat sitting in your refrigerator: If it smells
rotten, it"s waste. And there is plenty to sniff out (闻出). Our government regularly pays for products and
services it never gets, wildly overpays companies to do things it could do more cheaply itself, loses money
completely due to lax (松弛的) accounting and oversight, fails to collect what it"s owed, and put forward
unnecessary programs.
How exactly does the federal government waste your hard-earned tax dollars? We"ve identified what we
consider ten of the worst ways.
B. there are some other satellites
C. there is something else in the closets
D. the waste may be quite amazing
B. The government failed in launching the satellite.
C. The government is only wasting money in space experiments.
D. The amount collected annually in personal income taxes is equal to the country"s budget.
B. Calm
C. Surprised
D. Not concerned.
B. Our Country Is In Danger!
C. The Government Is Wasting Our Tax Dollars!
D. How to Prevent Government from Wasting Money!
B. Presenting people"s feelings against the government"s wasting taxes.
C. Giving suggestion to help the government solve the financial problem.
D. The government"s taking some steps to stop wasting taxes.
author Daniel Pink in his new book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. "Pay for
performance is supposed to be a folk tale," he says.
Daniel argues that, if employees receive a basic level of payment, three other factors matter more than
money: a sense of independence, of mastery over one"s labor, and of serving a purpose larger than oneself.
For example, in 2008 at the offices of Best Buy"s Richfield, salaried workers there were allowed to organize
their own work day, putting in only as many hours as they felt necessary to get their jobs done. Productivity
increased by 35% according to The Harvard Business Review.
But the managers at Goldman Sachs aren"t exactly making some efforts to adjust. Like others on Wall
Street, the banking giant argues that fat bonuses (extra rewards) are essential to make its numbers. "That"s
exactly the attitude that leads to the recent financial crisis in the United States," responds Daniel, "as managers
always focus on short-term rewards that encourage cheating, shortcuts, and dishonest behavior."
Moreover, the 45-year-old author and former Al Gore speechwriter refers to social-science experiments
and experiences at such workplaces as Google and 3M. In one 2005 experiment he describes, economists
working for the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston tested the power of incentives (激励) by offering cash
rewards to those who did wellin games that included reciting a series of numbers and throwing tennis balls
at a target. The researchers" finding: Over and over, higher incentives led to worse performance-and those
given the highest incentives did the poorest job.
From this and other cases, Daniel draws a conclusion that monetary incentives remove the element of
play and creativity, transforming "an interesting task into a dull one." It"s even possible, he adds, for oversized
rewards to have dangerous side effects, like those of a drug dependency in which an addicted requires ever
larger amounts. He refers to scientific testing that shows the promise of cash rewards increase a chemical in
the brain similar to that brought on by cocaine or nicotine.
Daniel, however, is also aware that his company examples-no GE, no IBM, no Microsoft-hardly represent
the commanding heights of the economy. But he thinks his approach will catch on, even in the biggest
companies. "Managers tend to be realistic, and in time they will respond," he says.
B. all workers are not driven by money
C. money plays a key role in management
D. pay has nothing to do with workplaces
B. considerate
C. short-sighted
D. ridiculous
B. big rewards bring about dangerous side effect
C. nicotine and money bring the same chemical
D workers do not need the incentives of money at all
B. realistic managers will first consider Daniel"s approach
C. Daniel"s approach meets the demand of economic crisis
D. GE, IBM and Microsoft will join in Daniel"s approach next
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