题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words to how they carry themselves while taking orders to the bill’s total.
“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”
So Rick van Baren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home(实得收入). The results were clear---it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.
Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab drivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up.
“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”
小题1:According to the passage, a customer gives the cab driver a tip for ____.
| A．driver’s politeness | B．being there | C．driver’s attitudes | D．driver’s mimicry |
小题3:According to the passage, we know the writer seems to _________.
| A．oppose Mr. Green’s idea about tipping |
| B．support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping |
| C．give his generous tip to the waiters very often |
| D．think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonable |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:B
解析
试题分析：
小题1:这是一道细节题。根据You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up可以判断答案为B
小题2:这是一道细节题。根据they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up. 他们发现随着顾客账单的增加，这三个区的小费却小降，故选D
小题3:这是一道推断判断题。从全文可以看出作者没有表达出不赞成Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren的观点，故选B
点评：本文通过调查研究发现付小费受到一系列心理因素的影响。对于文章中的细节题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
核心考点
试题【You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45-79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993-2007, Kay-Tee, Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived an average of 14 years longer than those who didn’t.
“We’ve known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we’ve not seen this benefit before, ” said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain’s Medical Research Council. “The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from.”
Study participants（参与者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．
Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．
“We can"t say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what"s theoretically（理论上地）possible．”
“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn"t good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”
小题1:Which of the following DOESN"T belong to the four healthy habits?
| A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day． |
| B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day． |
| C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day． |
| D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day． |
| A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study． |
| B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes． |
| C．there"s no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits． |
| D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors． |
| A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits． |
| B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom． |
| C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits． |
| D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they"re good． |
| A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years |
| B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life |
| C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years |
| D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others |
Discussing the weather with people who you don’t really know is an example of small talk that many of us are very familiar with on a daily basis．We may chat about the weather with the cashier at the supermarket or with the attendant at the gas station．Small talk may also be related to the situation such as waiting in line．People in the line may comment to others about how slow it is in the post office or bank that day，for instance．We also engage in small talk with people we may see every day but don’t really know such as those we share the elevator with in our office building．
Small talk is common at parties when guests may know the host but not each other．It is considered rude not to mingle and speak with other guests at social functions，so small talk can break the ice and get guests chatting．Compliments(赞美)may be a type of small talk such as one woman at party complimenting another on her dress．
Some people like small talk because they find silence uncomfortable and／or they enjoy communicating verbally．Others enjoy meeting new people and use small talk to start conversations. When making small talk，especially with strangers or those you don’t know very well，it’s important to observe certain socially acceptable conventions．First，small talk should be general and not personal or about controversial topics. Second，while compliments are acceptable，they shouldn"t refer to the person’s body or sound like a pick-up line．
小题1:What do people usually talk about in small talk?
| A．Light topics． | B．Personal topics． |
| C． Meaningless things. | D．Controversial affairs． |
| A．Close friends． | B．People we don’t really know． |
| C．Family members． | D．Our seniors． |
| A．speak to one guest only and not speak with other guests |
| B．speak to several guests at the same time |
| C．compliment a woman on her dress |
| D．have small talk with the host |
| A．compliments are the most acceptable in small talk |
| B．we should refer to a person’s body when complimenting in order to sound sincere |
| C．there are some rules in making small talk |
| D．some people use small talk to make new friends |
“Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir"（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer"s hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.
小题1:Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.
| A．To protect him from his fans | B．To look after his business interests |
| C．To help him to change his “act" | D．So that he can relax |
| A．Because he wants to attract the attention of the public |
| B．Because he wants to sell more records |
| C．Because he wants to become popular |
| D．Because he wants to stay popular |
| A．they buy his CDs or VCDs. They go to his concerts, and watch his MTV |
| B．they watch him and report everything he does |
| C．they shout and cry very loudly during the performance |
| D．they make him rich and famous |
I am a mother of three children and have recently completed my college degree. The last class I had to take was social study. The last project of the term was called “Smile”. The last class was asked to go out and smile at three people and document their reactions.
Soon after we were given the project, my husband, my youngest son, and I went out to McDonald’s one cold March morning. It was just our way of sharing special playtime with our son.
We were standing in line, waiting to be served, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to back way. I turned around and found there standing behind me were two poor homeless men with a horrible “dirty body” smell. The short gentleman, close to me, was “smiling”. His beautiful sky blue eyes were full of light as he searched for acceptance. The second man played with his hands uneasily as he stood behind his friend. I realized the second man was mentally challenged and the blue-eyed gentleman was his salvation (救赎). The short man just asked for a coffee because that was all they could afford.
I smiled and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals on a separate tray. I then walked around the corner to the men’s table. I put the tray on the table and laid my hand on the blue-eyed gentleman’s cold hand. He looked up at me with tears in his eyes and said “Thank you”.
I started to cry as I walked away to join my husband and son. When I sat down my husband smiled at me and said, “That’s why God gave you to me, Honey. To give me hope.”
On the last evening of class, I turned in “my project” and the instructor read it. Then she looked up at me and said, “Can I share this?” I slowly nodded as she got the attention of the class. She began to read and we all knew that we need to heal people and to be healed.
I graduated with one of the biggest lessons I would ever learn: UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE. “LOVE PEOPLE AND USE THINGS---NOT LOVE THINGS AND USE PEOPLE.”
小题1: Why did the people around the author back away?
| A．Because both men were poorly dressed and mentally ill. |
| B．Because the short gentleman was smiling to everyone around. |
| C．Because two homeless men were also waiting in line, with a bad smell. |
| D．Because the second man stood playing with his hands. |
| A．talked with them for a while. | B．went back to her husband and son |
| C．turned in her project | D．regretted and cried |
| A．Over-curious | B．Caring | C．Mature | D．Lovely |
| A．Giving is a gesture of love, which people will understand and appreciate. |
| B．If you need help from others, you’d better present them with gifts. |
| C．If you want to get something from somebody, you should please him with gifts. |
| D．Don’t be greedy with money or ask people to do things for you. |
| A．The author’s husband was very proud of her. |
| B．What the author did to the men touched many people. |
| C．Poor as the homeless men were, they had their dignity. |
| D．The author felt we should know how to heal people. |
That’s a good idea. Yet, the fact is, some people do nothing but break the whole program.
Some people know little about the topic under discussion. Sometimes they do not even know what the host is talking about. So the host has to tell the caller what the show is about. Usually the caller will ask a few questions which express his hope and show his ignorance (无知). Then the host has to answer and explain—how silly this is! It wastes a lot of time.
It seems that some people phone the hotlines for fun. They just want to let the listeners hear them. They don’t care what the topic is, whether they themselves are interested or how silly they appear to be.
I’m totally bored by those people. It’s necessary for radio stations to improve the hotline programmers. In my opinion, if a caller does not know what is going on, the operator should not let the caller take part in it.
小题1:The sentence “some people do nothing but break the whole program” may tell us that _____.
| A．radio stations use hotlines in a wrong way |
| B．it is a fact |
| C．it is a good idea |
| D．some people have unclear thoughts |
| A．because the host works hard |
| B．because of the caller’s ignorance |
| C．because the host likes talking to the caller |
| D．because of a lot of questions raised by the caller |
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