题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
"Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape," thundered a magazine article last year. Species are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead.
But there"s a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong: things are actually getting better. A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the world"s environment. Rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner. The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the "bad news" culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse.
Now the attacks are increasingly coming from left-wing environmentalists such as Lomborg, a former member of Greenpeace. The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups — with profits of hundreds of mil-lions of pounds a year — are using scare tactics(谋略)to gain donations. Lomborg"s book doesn"t deny global warming — probably the biggest environmental threat — but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics.
The Worldwatch Institute claims that "deforestation(沙漠化) has been accelerating over the last 30 years". But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish. Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover, but in recent decades the forest area"s depleting has come to a stop. According to UN figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 per cent of total land area, since the 1940s. Forests in countries such as the US, the UK and Canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years. Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk by about 15 per cent.
Nor are all our species dying out. Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have died out within 50 years. But other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out each year. Conservation efforts have been successful. Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list.
Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns. Stephen Tindale, director of Greenpeace UK, said, "There are important examples, such as acid rain and ozone, where things aren"t as bad as predicted, and that"s because behavior has changed."
小题1:In his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, what is Lomborg"s main argument?
A.Our planet is in bad shape. |
B.The world"s environment is improving. |
C.The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. |
D.Conservation efforts have been successful. |
A.They scared people into making donations. |
B.They overturned our basic assumptions about the world"s environment. |
C.They changed their behavior toward the environment. |
D.They only told people bad news about the environment. |
A.reducing | B.limiting | C.expanding | D.accelerating |
A.The total area of forests in the world has increased significantly. |
B.The effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected. |
C.It appears that the bald eagle will now survive. |
D.In the last 50 years the number of whales has increased. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
小题1:B 细节题。根据第三段最后The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the "bad news" culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse.可知这本书是与一种看法认为世界环境在变坏展开争论的,故B正确。
小题2:A 细节题。根据第四段2,3行The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups — with profits of hundreds of mil-lions of pounds a year — are using scare tactics(谋略)to gain donations.可知A正确。
小题3:A 细节题,根据第五段in recent decades the forest area"s depleting has come to a stop.以及the area of forests has remained almost steady可知深林的面积减少想象以及结束,深林的面积已经稳定了,故A正确。
小题4:C 推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一行Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list.可知the bald eagle已经从濒危动物的名单上去掉了,那么意味着the bald eagle可以幸存下去了,故C正确。
核心考点
试题【Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. Now one man says they are w】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
However, many students won’t do well in an open classroom. For these students, they will do little in school if there are too few rules. They will not make good use of open education, which is so different from traditional class, because they may have a problem getting used to making so many choices on their own. For them it is important to have some rules to direct them. They may worry about the rules even when there are no rules. In addition to that, some traditional teachers do not believe in open education and do not like it either.
Since both of some good points and bad points of the open education have been explained clearly, you may have your own opinion on the issue. Personally, I think that the concept of open education is good only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. I believe, most students, but of course not all students, need some structure in their classes. They may want and need to have rules.
In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
小题1:Open education allows the students to_________________.
A.grow as the educated |
B.be responsible for their life |
C.discover subjects outside class |
D.develop their own interests |
A.worry about grades and rules |
B.aren’t used to making choices |
C.do well in a traditional classroom |
D.enjoy having some rules in class |
A.there are too many rules |
B.they don’t like activities |
C.there are too few rules |
D.they worry about the rules |
A.Open education is a really complex idea. |
B.Open education is better than traditional education. |
C.Traditional teachers don’t believe in open education. |
D.The writer thinks open education is practical. |
Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution, which can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye pain, headache and other problems. Believe it or not, some pollutants can cause breathing diseases of blood and even cancer.
What made us feel relieved is that there’s growing concern about the problem now. It is true that when builders began constructing houses and offices they did not want to waste energy. To do this they built buildings that prevented or limited the flow of air between inside and outside. For the same purpose, man-made building materials were employed to build houses, which are now known to let out some harmful gases.
Facing the serious challenge, scientists have been searching for a way to handle the problem. To everyone’s delight, they discovered a natural pollution control system for building—green plants, though they do not really know how plants control air pollution. Scientists suppose that a plant’s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants and in exchange gives out oxygen through its leaves and tiny organizations on its roots. Therefore they recommend that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Because studies indicate that different plants absorb different chemicals, the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. In conclusion, having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and healthier place. Why not try?
小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUR?
A.Outside air pollution is more harmful than the air inside. |
B.Scientists have discovered how plants control air pollution |
C.Indoor air pollution may cause diseases including cancer. |
D.Only large plants can absorb harmful gases indoors. |
A.every old building |
B.every modern house |
C.all kinds of houses |
D.all kinds of offices |
A.To build houses and offices |
B.To limit the air flow inside |
C.To use man-made materials |
D.In order not to waste energy |
A.plants can drive out all kinds of pollutants indoors |
B.plants can absorb different harmful indoor chemical |
C.plants can take in all pollutants inside and outside |
D.plants may give out more oxygen than people need |
To learn more about how captivity(监禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists led by Mason, a biologist, compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in the wild. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 elephants in zoos.
The team found that female elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts(同类事物) who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years——more than three times as long.
Scientists don"t yet know for sure why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Mason thinks stress and obesity(肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don"t get the same kind of exercise as they do in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large groups.
Another finding from the study showed that elephants born in zoos were more likely to die earlier than elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and keep healthy populations, that doesn"t appear to be the case with elephants.
小题1:The text tells us that zoo elephants are different from other zoo animals because they________
A.develop health problems. |
B.1ive to a ripe old age. |
C.are not afraid of predators. |
D.have difficulty eating food. |
A.Female elephants live longer than male elephants. |
B.Female zoo elephants die earlier than their wild counterparts. |
C.Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts. |
D.Both elephants in zoos and those in the wild live in large herds. |
A.Zoo-born elephants should be attended more carefully |
B.Elephants are no longer an endangered species. |
C.It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo. |
D.Zoos should keep more animals except elephants. |
A.Comparison between two species of elephants |
B.Longer lives for wild elephants |
C.Female elephants suffer from poor health. |
D.Longer lives for zoo animals. |
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
小题1:Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A.Eggs, tomatoes and chicken. |
B.Milk, bread, cabbages and beef. |
C.Corn, fish, cream and pork. |
D.Rice, bean curd(豆腐), apples, fish and chicken. |
A.Going to school without any breakfast |
B.Eating fish and chips for supper all the time. |
C.Eating your lunch in a very short time. |
D.Having at least one food from all four groups in each meal. |
A.the food made out of cows such as milk and butter |
B.the shop that sells milk and butter |
C.a farm where cows are kept |
D.a place where milk products are made. |
A.enough energy helps people think more quickly |
B.taking exercise can keep your body strong |
C.every person needs food to grow well |
D.right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy |
Animals are natural resources(资源) that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers(羽毛), for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance (平衡) of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖) quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid(禁止) the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
小题1:Animals are important to us mainly because __________.
A.they give us a source of food |
B.they are beautiful and lovely |
C.they keep the balance of nature |
D.they give us a lot of pleasure |
A.About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever. |
B.Thousands of kinds of animals are gone forever. |
C.A few kinds of animals have died out. |
D.All kinds of animals are in danger. |
A.They kill animals for something they need. |
B.They kill animals to raise some money. |
C.Animals destroy their natural resources. |
D.Animals create many problems. |
A.Animals in danger will be kept away from people. |
B.Animals in danger will not be killed any more. |
C.The number of some animals in danger will increase. |
D.Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals. |
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