题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Finding ways to give kids more classroom time，through longer hours，a longer school year，or both，is getting more attention．“If you want to look at schools where the achievement gap is narrowing, they"re saying they couldn"t do it without the added time，”says Jennifer Davis．“Even when you get good teachers into schools，you also need more time．”
According to studies, low-income students fall back more than two months in their reading skills over summer vacations．“It"s over the summer months that poor kids fall behind，”says Karl Alexander，a sociologist．“If you have parents who themselves didn"t succeed at school and aren"t highly educated，kids aren"t going to get those skills at home．”
Schools are asked to take a full year to plan how to best use the extra time—a process involving teachers，principals，students and parents．They are given outside support to help them base their plans on the best available analyses of student needs．It"s still early，but officials are already seeing stronger test scores and a narrowing achievement gap．
But some critics are worried．“We risk producing something that"s very expensive and time-consuming, and that will give educators a lot of trouble，”says Frederick Hess．“Before we spend all that extra money，I"d much rather see if we can figure out how to get 50 percent more instructional time out of the current school day．”
小题1:From the first paragraph，we learn that ．
| A．the longer schedule is harmful to kid"s health |
| B．all Chicago students had a holiday on Columbus Day |
| C．Sydney Shaw supports the added time |
| D．few kids are bored with the lack of holidays |
| A．no good teachers are willing to teach them |
| B．they can"t get help from their parents |
| C．their parents are unwilling to hire private teachers |
| D．they themselves have no desire to learn |
| A．it will have a bad effect on the kids’ futures |
| B．the current school day has been too busy |
| C．no one supports the idea |
| D．it will be costly and time-consuming |
| A．whether a longer school day will help narrow the achievement gap |
| B．how students have benefited from additional school hours |
| C．why the achievement gap among students needs to be narrowed |
| D．what causes the achievement gap among students |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：本文是篇议论文，主要探讨了是否延长教学日将有助于缩小成就差距。有些学者赞同，有些学者认为延长教学日成本太高且耗时。
小题1:根据Going to school from 8 am until 5 pm may sound terrible，but Sydney Shaw，a seventh grader at the Alain Locke Charter Academy on Chicago"s West Side，has come to like it—as well as the extra 20 or so days that she"s in class every year，故选C。
小题2:根据“If you have parents who themselves didn"t succeed at school and aren"t highly educated，kids aren"t going to get those skills at home．”
故选B。
小题3:根据But some critics are worried．“We risk producing something that"s very expensive and time-consuming, and that will give educators a lot of trouble，”says Frederick Hess.故选D。
小题4:根据全文内容以及It"s still early，but officials are already seeing stronger test scores and a narrowing achievement gap．故选A。
点评：这篇文章非常简单，先看问题，再带着问题仔细阅读短文，理解了全文内容，很容易选出正确答案。阅读注意事项：1、关注连词，分析文章逻辑结构。2、聚焦代词，明辨指代关系。3、抓住关键词语，利用平行结构、上下文（包括定义、释义、举例、对比、标点）进行判断与推理。4、了解一些构词法，从词根的特殊含义入手。
核心考点
试题【Going to school from 8 am until 5 pm may sound terrible，but Sydney Shaw，a sevent】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reassess the situation. They might realize it’s not as hard as they might think it was before and, in essence, it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
小题1:What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?
| A．Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree. |
| B．Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried. |
| C．Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried |
| D．Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test. |
| A．The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test. |
| B．In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better. |
| C．In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse. |
| D．Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not.. |
| A．Giving out | B．Fading away |
| C．Becoming clear | D．Appearing suddenly |
| A．It is a common practice for students to get worried before a test. |
| B．Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance. |
| C．Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears. |
| D．It is important for students to overcome test anxiety. |
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
小题1:Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________
| A．knowledge only. | B．more than one aspect. |
| C．technology only. | D．the use of machines. |
| A．He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work. |
| B．He is interested in problems that are explained. |
| C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections. |
| D．He looks for new ways of acting. |
| A．easily believe in unchecked statements. |
| B．easily criticize others" research work. |
| C．always use his imagination in work. |
| D．always use evidence from observation. |
| A．complete | B．objective | C．complicated | D．accurate |
But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.
Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.
The monitor
You should not have to tilt（倾斜） your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.
The keyboard
It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.
Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.
The chair
Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.
The Body
If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.
Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat.
小题1:The passage mainly talks about .
| A．avoiding pains caused by using PC | B．the science of ergonomics |
| C．illness caused by a computer | D．how to keep fit |
| A．管理学 | B．人机工程学 | C．机械工程学 | D．经济学 |
| A．As high as your arms. |
| B．A little higher than your eyes. |
| C．A little lower than your eyes. |
| D．At the same level as your eyes. |
| A．Tilting away from you. | B．Tilting up toward you. |
| C．Flat. | D．Not mentioned. |
| A．Rest them on a phone book. | B．Rest them on the floor. |
| C．They should rest flat. | D．They should dangle. |
Likeable children enjoy many advantages, including the ability to deal more easily with stresses of growing up.In her book Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience（适应力）, the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress. Much research shows that resilience has enabled children to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness(自我意识).
Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop(回馈圈). The positive feelings you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and motivation to deal with the daily stress of life.
This feedback loop continues into adulthood. To return once again to the example of teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality. Michael Delucchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well. Delucchi found that “Students who perceive(察觉) a teacher as likeable, in contrast to(比照) those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more.”
You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice. The more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words.
小题1:The writer implies in the first paragraph that __________.
| A．life is not easy for every one of us |
| B．children are expected much than we usually think |
| C．better education results in smarter children |
| D．to be a likable child is almost impossible |
| A．will work harder on assignments and learn more |
| B．can deal more easily with stress independently |
| C．can achieve more and understand themselves better |
| D．are always optimistic and ready to help those in need |
| A．how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed |
| B．how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity |
| C．if a likeable teacher draws more attention |
| D．if a likeable teacher has a positive personality |
| A．likeable people give better advice |
| B．likeable people do better in their childhood |
| C．social creatures enjoy more advantages |
| D．likeable people do better in life generally |
Put a smoke alarm(火警) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practise for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket(毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.
小题1:When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means _________.
| A．you have to get up | B．water is running to the floor |
| C．something is burning | D．someone breaks your window |
| A．we practise for a fire | B．we make escape plans |
| C．we buy fire extinguishers | D．we use electrical cookers |
| A．the door will soon be on fire | B．the electricity will be cut off |
| C．the fire will grow more quickly | D．the house will fall down |
| A．Stop, run, roll. | B．Stop, drop, roll. |
| C．Run, drop, roll. | D．Roll, drop, stop. |
| A．Be Ready for a Fire. | B．The Causes of a Fire. |
| C．Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. | D．The Dangers of a Fire. |
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