题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
小题1:Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________
| A．knowledge only. | B．more than one aspect. |
| C．technology only. | D．the use of machines. |
| A．He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work. |
| B．He is interested in problems that are explained. |
| C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections. |
| D．He looks for new ways of acting. |
| A．easily believe in unchecked statements. |
| B．easily criticize others" research work. |
| C．always use his imagination in work. |
| D．always use evidence from observation. |
| A．complete | B．objective | C．complicated | D．accurate |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，说明了科学在社会中起着重要的作用，然而许多人认为，我们的进取取决于科学的两个不同的方面，第一个方面是机器的应用，产品知识，科学家和技术人人员开发系统。二是思想和行为为科学家在研究中使用特殊方法的应用
小题1:细节题。由第一段第四行many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.可以知道答案，故选B。
小题2:推理题。由第二段第二行he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected可以推出答案，故选C。
小题3:细节题。由第二段最后一句Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.可以知道答案，故选A。
小题4:推理题。由第二段第二行he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected可以推出答案，故选C。
点评：本文以问句的形式，能吸引读者的注意力，并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣等， 根据你对文章的理解，来判断各个选项的正误。最重要的就是读懂句子的意思，找出文章的中心，抓住主要句子和相关句子的意思就可以解决了，要注意题目中的一些关键词和文章中的句子的对比
核心考点
试题【What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.
Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.
The monitor
You should not have to tilt（倾斜） your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.
The keyboard
It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.
Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.
The chair
Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.
The Body
If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.
Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat.
小题1:The passage mainly talks about .
| A．avoiding pains caused by using PC | B．the science of ergonomics |
| C．illness caused by a computer | D．how to keep fit |
| A．管理学 | B．人机工程学 | C．机械工程学 | D．经济学 |
| A．As high as your arms. |
| B．A little higher than your eyes. |
| C．A little lower than your eyes. |
| D．At the same level as your eyes. |
| A．Tilting away from you. | B．Tilting up toward you. |
| C．Flat. | D．Not mentioned. |
| A．Rest them on a phone book. | B．Rest them on the floor. |
| C．They should rest flat. | D．They should dangle. |
Likeable children enjoy many advantages, including the ability to deal more easily with stresses of growing up.In her book Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience（适应力）, the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress. Much research shows that resilience has enabled children to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness(自我意识).
Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop(回馈圈). The positive feelings you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and motivation to deal with the daily stress of life.
This feedback loop continues into adulthood. To return once again to the example of teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality. Michael Delucchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well. Delucchi found that “Students who perceive(察觉) a teacher as likeable, in contrast to(比照) those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more.”
You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice. The more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words.
小题1:The writer implies in the first paragraph that __________.
| A．life is not easy for every one of us |
| B．children are expected much than we usually think |
| C．better education results in smarter children |
| D．to be a likable child is almost impossible |
| A．will work harder on assignments and learn more |
| B．can deal more easily with stress independently |
| C．can achieve more and understand themselves better |
| D．are always optimistic and ready to help those in need |
| A．how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed |
| B．how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity |
| C．if a likeable teacher draws more attention |
| D．if a likeable teacher has a positive personality |
| A．likeable people give better advice |
| B．likeable people do better in their childhood |
| C．social creatures enjoy more advantages |
| D．likeable people do better in life generally |
Put a smoke alarm(火警) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practise for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket(毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.
小题1:When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means _________.
| A．you have to get up | B．water is running to the floor |
| C．something is burning | D．someone breaks your window |
| A．we practise for a fire | B．we make escape plans |
| C．we buy fire extinguishers | D．we use electrical cookers |
| A．the door will soon be on fire | B．the electricity will be cut off |
| C．the fire will grow more quickly | D．the house will fall down |
| A．Stop, run, roll. | B．Stop, drop, roll. |
| C．Run, drop, roll. | D．Roll, drop, stop. |
| A．Be Ready for a Fire. | B．The Causes of a Fire. |
| C．Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. | D．The Dangers of a Fire. |
Many disposable things are made of plastic(塑料). People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.
Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life:
Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones.
After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again.
Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen(食堂), use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.
小题1:Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things?
| A．Let their guests be convenient during their travelling. |
| B．Hope their guests use less disposable things. |
| C．Wish their guests to save money. |
| D．Want their guests to use more disposable things. |
| A．cheap food and drink | B．disposable things |
| C．good service | D．free TV programs |
| A．Many disposable things are made of plastic. |
| B．Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources. |
| C．Plastic is very bad for the environment. |
| D．Plastic breaks down easily. |
| A．Use shopping bags made of plastic. |
| B．Do not throw away paper cups. |
| C．Use disposable plates, bowls and chopsticks. |
| D．Do not forget to reuse daily necessities(日用品). |
| A．people don"t like disposable things at all |
| B．we can"t use paper or plastic bowls at school |
| C．we should use less plastic things and protect our environment |
| D．hotels won"t provide disposable things because they want to save money |
He also 38 calls me at other times during the day just to 39 a happy or sad moment. Many times he is holding a basketball with one hand, or 40 with a friend about something I don’t quite 41 , or crying about something. I just 42 and laugh or cry with him — just share his emotion. I always let him be in 43 of the conversation, the emotion, and the amount of time he’s on the 44 with me. Many times I just listen to him 45 or listen while he does his homework aloud.
The 46 time I take control of the conversation is when he’s 47 to say goodbye at night. Then I say, “I love you, baby”. One 48 I thought maybe he was 49 of hearing those words, so I didn’t say them. He immediately called me back and told me that I 50 to say the sentence! Since then I have never 51 saying it again!
All my friends know he takes precedence over (比……重要) all other things. If I’m at a place where I really can’t take his 52 , I always excuse myself and 53 tell him I’ll call him back in a few minutes. I want him to know that he takes first place in my 54 .
Every child needs at least one 55 in their life to listen and share with. I am glad to give my grandson the love he needs.
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