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Some students get so nervous before a test, and they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reassess the situation. They might realize it’s not as hard as they might think it was before and, in essence, it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
小题1:What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?
A.Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree.
B.Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried.
C.Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried
D.Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test.
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE?
A.The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test.
B.In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better.
C.In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse.
D.Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not..
小题3:What does the underlined phrase “popping up” mean?
A.Giving outB.Fading away
C.Becoming clearD.Appearing suddenly
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.It is a common practice for students to get worried before a test.
B.Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance.
C.Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears.
D.It is important for students to overcome test anxiety.

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析

试题分析:本文主要说明了考试前高度紧张,会影响注意力和记忆。一种缓解考前高度紧张的办法就是在考试前,把考试紧张的原因写下来。
小题1:根据 And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.故选B。
小题2:根据 But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent以及Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.故答案应为A。
小题3:popping up,意思是突然出现,故选D。
小题4:根据全文内容以及Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test,故选C。
点评:这类文章比较枯燥,需要学生有比较好的耐心。从题目设置的角度看,本题侧重对学生把握文章中心段落和各段落的中心句的能力的考查,所以遇到这类题后,要注意把握好文章结构,了解文章中心意思,找到各段落中心句。不要让文中的一些生词影响了注意力。
核心考点
试题【Some students get so nervous before a test, and they do poorly even if they know】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.  The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. 
小题1:Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________
A.knowledge only.B.more than one aspect.
C.technology only.D.the use of machines.
小题2:Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?
A.He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.
B.He is interested in problems that are explained.
C.He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.
D.He looks for new ways of acting.
小题3:According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_______________.
A.easily believe in unchecked statements.
B.easily criticize others" research work.
C.always use his imagination in work.
D.always use evidence from observation.
小题4:Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?
A.completeB.objectiveC.complicatedD.accurate

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
When you think of all the ways your body can get hurt---falling off a bike, stepping on a nail, being bitten by a crazed dog---the aches and pains that come from sitting at a computer may not seem like much.
But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.
Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.
The monitor
You should not have to tilt(倾斜) your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.
The keyboard
It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.
Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.
The chair
Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.
The Body
If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.
Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat.
小题1:The passage mainly talks about        .
A.avoiding pains caused by using PCB.the science of ergonomics
C.illness caused by a computerD.how to keep fit
小题2:The underlined word “ergonomics” most probably means ______ in Chinese.  
A.管理学B.人机工程学C.机械工程学D.经济学
小题3:How high should a monitor be placed according to the passage?
A.As high as your arms.
B.A little higher than your eyes.
C.A little lower than your eyes.
D.At the same level as your eyes.
小题4:How shouldn’t a keyboard be placed?
A.Tilting away from you.B.Tilting up toward you.
C.Flat.D.Not mentioned.
小题5:How should you place your foot?
A.Rest them on a phone book.B.Rest them on the floor.
C.They should rest flat.D.They should dangle.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
One period of our lives when better results are demanded of us is, strangely enough, childhood. Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores (杂务)at home and so on. It’s not easy.
Likeable children enjoy many advantages, including the ability to deal more easily with stresses of growing up.In her book Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience(适应力), the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress. Much research shows that resilience has enabled children to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness(自我意识).
Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop(回馈圈). The positive feelings you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and motivation to deal with the daily stress of life.
This feedback loop continues into adulthood. To return once again to the example of teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality. Michael Delucchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well. Delucchi found that “Students who perceive(察觉) a teacher as likeable, in contrast to(比照) those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more.”
You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice. The more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words.
小题1:The writer implies in the first paragraph that __________.
A.life is not easy for every one of us
B.children are expected much than we usually think
C.better education results in smarter children
D.to be a likable child is almost impossible
小题2:According to Dr. Leonard, likeable children __________.
A.will work harder on assignments and learn more
B.can deal more easily with stress independently
C.can achieve more and understand themselves better
D.are always optimistic and ready to help those in need
小题3:The main purpose of the studies done by Michael Delucchi is to find __________.
A.how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed
B.how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity
C.if a likeable teacher draws more attention
D.if a likeable teacher has a positive personality
小题4:The passage aims at proving that __________.
A.likeable people give better advice
B.likeable people do better in their childhood
C.social creatures enjoy more advantages
D.likeable people do better in life generally

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
We all know the dangers of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm(火警) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practise for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket(毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.
小题1:When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means _________.
A.you have to get upB.water is running to the floor
C.something is burningD.someone breaks your window
小题2:The writer advises us to do the following to prepare for a fire except that _____.
A.we practise for a fire B.we make escape plans
C.we buy fire extinguishersD.we use electrical cookers
小题3:When a fire happens,____ if you open the hot door.
A.the door will soon be on fireB.the electricity will be cut off
C.the fire will grow more quickly D.the house will fall down
小题4:What are the right steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire?
A.Stop, run, roll.B.Stop, drop, roll.
C.Run, drop, roll.D.Roll, drop, stop.
小题5:What is the best title for this passage?
A.Be Ready for a Fire.B.The Causes of a Fire.
C.Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher.D.The Dangers of a Fire.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable (一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers. Many guests like the idea because they don"t have to bring their own. But, if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. Starting from June, some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables. They want to ask people to use less disposable things.
Many disposable things are made of plastic(塑料). People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.
Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life:
Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones.
After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again.
Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen(食堂), use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.
小题1:Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things?
A.Let their guests be convenient during their travelling.
B.Hope their guests use less disposable things.
C.Wish their guests to save money.
D.Want their guests to use more disposable things.
小题2:Some Beijing hotels will no longer provide guests with ____.
A.cheap food and drink B.disposable things
C.good service D.free TV programs
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Many disposable things are made of plastic.
B.Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources.
C.Plastic is very bad for the environment.
D.Plastic breaks down easily.
小题4:What can we do to make our world a better place at home and school?
A.Use shopping bags made of plastic.
B.Do not throw away paper cups.
C.Use disposable plates, bowls and chopsticks.
D.Do not forget to reuse daily necessities(日用品).
小题5:We can tell from the story that ____.
A.people don"t like disposable things at all
B.we can"t use paper or plastic bowls at school
C.we should use less plastic things and protect our environment
D.hotels won"t provide disposable things because they want to save money

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