题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Decision-thinking is not unlike. It often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process（过程） is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes; there are what he called games of "perfect information", games like chess where the players can"t hide anything or play tricks; they don"t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of "imperfect information", like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business and life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素）, as best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
49．The subject discussed in this text is _________.
A．the process of reaching decisions
B．the difference between poker and chess.
C．the secret of making good business plans
D．the value of information in winning games
50．An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ___________.
A．rules B．luck C．time D．ideas
51．Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse"?
A．Quite right. B．True enough.
C．Most unlikely. D．Just the opposite.
52．In the writer"s opinion, when making business decisions one should ___________ .
A．put perfect information before imperfect information
B．accept the existence of unknown factors
C．regard business as a game of chess
D．mix known and unknown factors
答案
49---52 ABDB
解析
核心考点
试题【 Decision-thinking is not unlike. It often matters not only what you think, but】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy (嫉妒) my luck?" "And Paul-why didn"t he pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it"s too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends - or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don"t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You"re a lucky dog." that"s being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There"s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn"t see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn"t think you deserve your luck.
"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up (包藏) in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn"t important. It"s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven"t got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone"s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture (姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.
小题1:This passage is mainly about ____.
| A．how to interpret what people say |
| B．what to do when you listen to others talking |
| C．how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people |
| D．why we go wrong with people sometimes |
| A．we fail to listen carefully when they talk | B．we tend to doubt what our friends say |
| C．people usually state one thing but means another | |
| D．people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say |
| A．being friendly | B．a bit of envy | C．lucky dog | D．your luck |
| A．notice the way the person is talking | B．take a good look at the person talking |
| C．mind his lone, his posture and the look in his eyes | |
| D．examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture |
You can love them or hate them, but no matter which tourist destination you visit, chances are that you’ll see someone with their head buried in a
Lonely Planet guidebook.Lonely Planet is one of the world’s largest travel guide brands, publishing more than 500 different guides in eight languages. The popular brand also produces television shows, websites and podcasts(播客)all devoted to travel.
Some people praise Lonely Planet books because they make traveling easy and affordable. They also save time and make sure you don’t miss the best things.
They also provide the reviews of hostels(旅店), hotels, restaurants and ticket information about your destination.
This can be great if you’re a nervous traveler, or if you haven’t traveled by yourself before. If you’re in a country where you don’t speak the language, sometimes there’s nothing better than getting into a taxi and opening up a guidebook. You simply point to a map that directs the taxi driver to a hostel that’s cheap and clean, with friendly staff and cold beer.
But o
thers criticize Lonely Planet and other travel guide publishers like them. They say guidebooks take the fun and spontaneity(自发性)out of traveling, and that part of the enjoyment of travel comes from the fact that anything can happen. They also regret that if you follow a guidebook, you’ll end up doing the same thing and having the same experience as everyone else. You might end up seeing the same group of people over and over, because everyone is reading the same book and following the same route.Another criticism of travel guides is that they have a large impact on local communities. For example, some locals devote their lives to behaving in ways that attract tourists. They pretend to live a traditional lifestyle, wear traditional clothes and live in traditional houses in order to attract the tourist dollar.
63. The Lonely Planet guidebook can bring you the following advantages EXCEPT that __________.
A. you can speak a foreign language when opening a guidebook
B. you can easily find a nice place to stay in a strange city
C. it provides lots of useful information about your destination
D. it can help you save time and money when traveling
64. People criticize the guidebook because __________.
A. it is not as useful as most travelers expect
B. tourist destinations will be crowded if everyone follows
the same routeC. travelers may not get the chance to have unexpected adventures
D. local people keep modern lifestyles under its influence
65. What do we know about the Lonely Planet guidebook from the text?
A. It’s a world-famous brand only producing guidebooks for travelers.
B. It’s very useful to a person who’s nervous about touring an unfamiliar place.
C. It’s very useful to a tourist who likes to repeat others’ experiences.
D. It is loved by all travelers because of the convenience it brings to travelers.
66. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①—⑦ stand for Paragraph 1
—Paragraph 7 )
A. ① B. ① C. ① D. ①
② ②③ ④ ② ② ③
③④ ⑤⑥⑦ ⑤ ⑥⑦ ③④⑤ ⑥⑦ ④⑤ ⑥⑦Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized(归类) as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.
Here"s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge
us for an item. If we keep silent, and benefit from the clerk"s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky(鬼祟的) excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don"t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also show that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk"s attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased．Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a h
appier existence. And it"s easy to think and act honorably again when we"re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it"s started, it"s easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.79．The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to___.
A．lying
B．stealing
C．cheating
D．advertising
80．The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk"s attention" （in para． 5） means___.
A．telling the truth to the clerk
B．offering advice to the clerk
C．asking the clerk to be more a
ttentiveD．reminding the clerk of the charged item
81．How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?
A．We"ll be very excited.
B．We"ll feel unfortunate.
C．We"ll have a sense of honor.
D．We"ll feel sorry for the clerk.
82 .Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.
A．How to Live Truthfully
B．Importance of Peacefulness
C．Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D．Happiness through Honorable Actions
Dinner was almost ready when the killing happened．When Don Wise walked into the living room of his home，his ten-year-old son，Mike，and a 12-year-old friend were sitting in front of a large-screen television set．They were playing a video game they had rente
d(租赁), called Golden eye 007，one of the top-selling titles of 2007．Standing behind the boys，Wise saw that one boy pushed the button and shot the character in the face．Blood splattered(喷溅)the lab coat of the character as he circled and fell．“You’re down!”the boy said，laughing．
Frightened by the child’s obvious fun，Wise ordered the boys to turn the game off．“This game is terrible．“he said seriously．“I don’t want you to play with this any more．”
Video games have become pervasive form of entertainment since the 1990s．Today about 69 percent of American families own or rent video and computer games．Most are harmless entertainment，but in far too many of the most popular ones，kids are acting out realistic violent experiences on their TV and computer screens．“These are not just games any more，”says Rick Dyer，president of the San Diego-based Virtual Image Productions.“These are learning machines．We’re teaching kids in the most incredible way what it’s like to pull the trigger(扳机)．The focus is on the thrill，enjoyment and reward．What they’re not realizing are the real-life results.“
Such
video games introduce kids to a fantasy world that features amazingly lifelike characters，detailed images of brutality(野蛮)。 Unlike movies and television，where you watch the violence，the video game lets you feel the sensation（感觉） of taking violent actions． When you’re into the game，you’re in the game． “The technology is becoming more engaging（吸引人的） for kids，”says David Walsh，president of the National Institute on Media and the Family(NIMF)，a watchdog group in Minneapolis，“and a part of the games features anti-social themes of violence，sex and rude language．Unfortunately，it’s a part that seems particularly popular with kids between ages 8 to15．”
57．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?
A．Video game violence is very harmful to kids．
B．Video game is a common form of entertainment．
C．Video game violence is popular with children．
D Video game is the reflection of the real—life violence．
58．We can infer from the passage that the_____________．
A．NIMF is characteristic for its social justice
B．NIMF is a political organization i
n MinneapolisC．NIMF
promotes(推崇) video games and other media productsD．NIMF detects（侦查） the media industry’s illegal actions（违法行为）
59．The underlined word“pervasive”in
Paragraph 4 mos
t probably means____________．A．worldwide B．instructive C．widespread n harmful
60．Which of the following statements would Rick Dyer agree with?
A Video games with some violence teach kids to experience real life．
B．Video games are realistic ways to learn more about the real life world．
C．Video games with fantastic features are loved by most kids in the US．
D Violence video games have a negative influence on children．
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
Home, sweet home
It was December 22. The cold wind swept the countless snowflakes(雪花） across my front yard. My dad was there sweeping the 36 . His nose was __37___as a cherry. With every breath he took, a white puff(水气) ran into the air.
Inside, my mother was 38 the last of the boxes. As I entered the front door, the 39 that after today I wouldn’t enter through that door ever again 40 a hole in my stomach. I picked up my dog and sat Indian style with him in my arms on the 41 , wooden floor. I had no 42 but to sit on the floor, for there was no longer any furniture existing in my house. I sat there in a daze（恍惚）, just 43 . There was no reason for my parents to make me, a once 44 12-year-old kid, 45 . I had two best friends right across the street; I did well in school and I always kept my room clean. 46 , this was “my house”. By no means did I want a couple of 47 living here. These recurring（重复）thoughts 48 around in my mind and I couldn’t find an answer.
Out of the front window I could see the orange top of a truck pulling in the cleaned driveway and I knew it was the other U-Haul. Instantly three men came 49 in the back door like World War III was starting.
I watched 50 as the men, my mother and my dad carried our belongings to the truck. My dog even winced（畏缩）as he stared out of the window. I wondered if he was 51 , too, or if he just wished to play outside in the snow.
My mum came in, looking solemn（凝重）. She turned 52 the overhead light, put the 53 in my arm and took me out of the back door. A totally 54 feeling filled my heart. For the first time in my life ,I wondered what 55 would be to me tomorrow.
36. A. stairs B. garden C. sidewalk D. driveway
37. A. red B. black C. white D. blown
38. A. piling B. packing C. collecting D. locking
39. A. wish B. dream C. thought D. worry
40. A. cut B. burned C. shot D. made
41. A. cold B. wet C. broken D . messy
42. A. choice B. way C. solution D. means
43. A. dreaming B. thinking C. staring D. crying
44. A. hardworking B. clever C. happy D. honest
45. A. remain B. cry C. suffer D. move
46. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Yet
47. A. neighbours B. strangers C. visitors D. elders
48. A. occurred B. traveled C. danced D. flowed
49. A. running B. laughing C. talking D. wispering
50. A. curiously B. strangely C. carefully D. helplessly
51. A. afraid B. angry C. sad D. lonely
52. A. down B. off C. on D. up
53. A. box B. dog C. bag D. hand
54. A. excited B. eager C. empty D. angry
55. A. place B. school C. home D. world
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