题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist.
Using census(人口普查)data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy(预期寿命)over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone (易于)to infections of the digestive system.” In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn—the European spring—lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said.
But on the other hand, according to a study of more 40,000 people, those born in spring and summer report themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter. Professor Richard Wise-man who led the research explained that the temperature at the time of birth might influence the development of the brain and seasonal factors make a difference as well.
小题1:The underlined word “outlived” in the text probably means ________.
A.lived out of | B.depended on |
C.had a shorter life than | D.lived longer than |
A.Germany. | B.Denmark. |
C.Australia. | D.Austria. |
A.Nutrition at all times of the year has improved since the beginning of the 20th century. |
B.In Austria, adults born in autumn (October—December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April—June). |
C.People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall ill when they are older. |
D.Babies are prone to infections of the digestive system. |
A.Infections occurring at different times of the year influence the health of a new-born baby. |
B.The study focused on people born in the late 20th century. |
C.A mother giving birth in spring eats less vitamins during the last phase of her pregnancy in winter. |
D.What mothers ate during pregnancy could have an impact on the babies’ life expectancy in older age. |
A.The month of birth was not related to life expectancy over the age of 50. |
B.A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, eating more vitamins than in summer. |
C.Stopping breast-feeding and starting giving babies normal food must make babies prone to get infected with the digestive system in the hot weeks of summer. |
D.Adults born in the Australian autumn―the European spring―lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:D
解析
人的寿命与出生季节有关系吗?最近奥地利科学家得出的结论,秋天出生的人比春天出生的人长寿。
小题1:词义理解题。根据文中In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than…判断,答案应选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据第三段可以看出答案。
小题3:主旨大意题。其它三个选项都是例证,只有C才能概括全文大意。
小题4:辨别正误题。根据文中The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data.来判断。
小题5:辨别正误题。根据第二段可以看出答案。A错在not;B错在more;C错在must上。
核心考点
试题【People Born in Autumn Live LongerPeople born in the autumn live longer than thos】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained(可获得的), the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting(省略) breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate(不适当), and most of the recent work involves(涉及) children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”
小题1:The main idea of the passage is _______.
A.breakfast has nothing to do with people’s health |
B.a good breakfast used to be important to us |
C.breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car |
D.breakfast is not as important as we thought before |
A.several studies have been done in the past few years |
B.the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health |
C.grown-ups have especially made studies in this field |
D.eating little in the morning is good for health |
A.people without breakfast can improve their work |
B.not giving people breakfast improves work |
C.having breakfast does not improve work, either |
D.people having breakfast do improve their work, too |
A.stories, poems, play, etc |
B.written works on a particular subject |
C.any printed material |
D.the modern literature of America |
A.breakfast does not affect work |
B.Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning |
C.not eating breakfast might affect the health of children |
D.Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London |
Researchers report for the first time that consuming nearly a third of daily calories as lean protein – for example, lean meats without the skin – speeds up a person’s metabolism③ during sleep and that higher protein intake increases the burning of calories and fat during the day. Plus, when the study’s participants, who were all women of healthy weight, ate more protein, they felt fuller, more satisfied and less hungry than when they consumed a diet with the amount of protein, about 10 percent of calories.
The findings suggest that adding lean protein to your daily food “enables you to reach the same level of satiety④that you are used to with about 80 percent of your normal energy intake,” notes Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga. “That means you can eat about 20 percent less and still have the same satiety.”
What gives protein its caloric edge? It’s more difficult for the body to metabolize protein than either fat or carbohydrates⑤. The body also doesn’t store protein as efficiently as it does carbohydrates or fat. So protein is more likely to be burned and that in turn requires more oxygen and helps you feel satisfied in the hours after eating.
But the latest findings don’t mean it’s time to dust off those high-protein diet books. The current study limited fat to about 30 percent of daily calories, and included 40 percent of calories as healthy carbohydrates, including fruit and vegetables. For example, lunch included bread, soy milk, fruit yogurt, tuna in water, tomatoes, cucumbers, feta cheese and salad dressing.
1. According the first paragraph, we know that ______.
A. there’re few studies on weight-loss in the world
B. many studies on weight-loss only cheat customers
C. only few studies are useful for weight-loss
D. there’re few studies about lean protein
2. According to the passage, lean protein can help burn calories while you sleep because ______.
A. it can slow down a person’s metabolism B. it’s difficult for the body to metabolize
C. it will not make you feel full D. it’s easy to be stored in the body
3. The underlined phrase “dust off” in the last paragraph means ______.
A. get rid of B. put away C. get ready to rewrite D. get ready to reuse
4. The passage is mainly to tell readers ______.
A. there is a good diet for weight-losers
B. you can burn your calories in your sleep
C. high-protein diet books will be popular
D. choosing right food is of great use
Hard-working Making People Live Longer 努力工作使人长寿
Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are ___1___ than housewives, Evidence (证据) shows that ___2___ are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows ___3___ the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly (相应地) by 2%. All this ___4___ one point: Work is helpful to health.
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, __5___ loneliness and solitude (孤独). Researches show that people feel __6___ and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are ___7___. Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as ___8___ between man and reality. By work, people ___9___ each other. By collective (集体的) activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work __10___ the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to (易于)___11___.
__12___, work gives one a sense of fulfillment (充实感) and a sense of ___13___. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When ___14___ finishes his writing or a doctor successfully __15___ a patient or a teacher sees his students ___16___, they are happy __17___.
From the above we can come to the conclusion ___18___ the more you work, __19___ you will be. Let us work hard, __20___ and live a happy and healthy life.
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__5___ the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has an effect on you ___6___ you are sleeping (feeling of cold, a noise, a discomfort, etc.) and it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and interests you have now. This is why very young __7___ are likely to dream of fairies(仙女), older children of school examinations, ___8___ people of food, homesick soldiers of their families and prisoners of freedom.
To show you how that is ___9___ while you are asleep and how your wishes or needs can all be joined together in a dream, ___10___ is the story of an experiment. A man was asleep and the back of his ___11___ was rubbed ___12__ a piece of cotton. He would dream that he ___13___ in a hospital and his girlfriend was visiting him, ___14___ on the bed and feeling gently his hand!
There are some scientists who have made a special ___15__ of why we dream, what we dream and what those dreams ___16__. Their explanation of dreams, though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone, but it ___17__ an interesting approach(方法) to the problem. They believe that dreams are ___18___ expressions of wishes that didn’t ___19___. In other words, a dream is a way of having your wishes ___20___ out.
1. A. long B. dream C. think D. wish
2. A. blanket B. book C. shoe D. trousers
3. A. working B. running C. sleeping D. studying
4. A. have B. meet C. see D. think
5. A. But B. For C. Because D. So
6. A. before B. while C. after D. during
7. A. children B. fathers C. drivers D. gentlemen
8. A. happy B. sad C. hungry D. old
9. A. taking B. happening C. dreaming D. carrying
10. A. that B. it C. here D. this
11. A. leg B. head C. body D. hand
12. A. in B. of C. with D. off
13. A. left B. lived C. gave D. was
14. A. waiting B. sitting C. smiling D. speaking
15. A. study B. watch C. sleep D. way
16. A. stand B. do C. form D. mean
17. A. makes B. offers C. finds D. demands
18. A. any B. almost C. mostly D. hardly
19. A. get B. arrive C. come true D. believe in
20. A. carried B. taken C. kept D. called
The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana(大麻). That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to ten points off the user’s IQ.
This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled(把……称为)the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as “infomania”.
The noticeable drop in IQ is believed to be the result of the constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the tasks in hand.
The brain also finds it hard to deal with keeping lots of tasks in motion at once, reducing its overall effectiveness. While modern technology can have huge benefits, excessive(过度的)use can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to his or her social life.
Eighty volunteers took part in clinical trials on IQ damage and 1,100 adults were interviewed.
More than six in ten people polled admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mail and text messages so that they examined work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an e-mail and one in five would interrupt a meeting to do so.
Furthermore, infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues, increasing stress and disagreeing feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude. Yet one in three Britons believed that it was not only acceptable, but actually diligent and efficient to do so.
67. What does the underlined part mean?
A.A person’s IQ drops ten points if he or she always checks electronic messages.
B. The person who has a higher IQ enjoys checking electronic messages.
C. The person who has a lower IQ enjoys checking electronic messages.
D. A person’s IQ is ten points higher if he or she always checks electronic messages.
68. What happens to people with infomania?
A. People with infomania can only concentrate on their tasks in hand.
B. people with infomania are addicted to smoking marijuana.
C. People with infomania can’t respond to technology immediately.
D. People with infomania can’t concentrate on their tasks in hand.
69. From the passage, we can learn that ______.
A. about 550 interviewees responded to an e-mail immediately
B. about 670 interviewees responded to an e-mail immediately
C. about 50 taking part in clinical trials on IQ were addicted to checking e-mails
D. about 16 taking part in clinical trials on IQ refused to answer e-mails immediately
70. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The regular use of text messages and e-mails can be compared to smoking marijuana.
B. Modern technology can damage a person’s mind.
C. The regular use of text messages and e-mails can harm your IQ.
D. Electronic messages have side effects on the user’s life.
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