题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits," vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.
小题1:What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
| A．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much. |
| B．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly. |
| C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled. |
| D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly. |
| A．lifestyles | B．transportation |
| C．physical condition | D．school educational . |
| A．cure | B．prevent | C．worsen | D．cause |
| A．Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity. |
| B．To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates. |
| C．Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates. |
| D．Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates. |
| A．Babies breastfed aren"t likely to become overweight. |
| B．Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity. |
| C．Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children. |
| D．The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B
解析
试题分析：文章介绍在发展中国家过度肥胖的孩子的数量在增加，这会使他们在以后的生活中导致很多问题，文章提出了导致这些问题的原因和解决这样问题的措施。
小题1:段落大意题：从第一段的句子：The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries.可知这段讲的是在发展中国家过度肥胖的孩子的数量在增加。选B
小题2:细节题：从文章第三段的句子: Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. 可知根据Branca所说，人们变胖是因为生活方式的改变，选 A
小题3:猜词题：从第二段的句子：The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
这种情况会导致严重的象心脏病这样的问题，可知generate是导致的意思，选D
小题4:细节题：从文章第五段的句子: The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits," vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.可知根据WHO所说，少吃糖多吃蔬菜可以有助于降低肥胖的几率，选C
小题5:细节题：从最后一段的句子：More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar,可知政府应该在对抗肥胖方面起到必要的作用，选B
核心考点
试题【The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
“For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more withdrawn behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.”
The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons (武器) and show signs of negative social behavior.
小题1:What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
| A．Scientific Technology | B．Science Fictions |
| C．Social News | D．Health Report |
| A．backward | B．unsocial | C．generous | D．friendly |
| A．age | B．sex | C．games | D．parents |
| A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period. |
| B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day. |
| C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors. |
| D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior. |
| A．soft drinks | B．attention problems |
| C．caffeine | D．social conditions |
“I need to cry to let my feeling out,” said 22-year-old Guo Meng, a smart-looking young woman. “I remember one day when I got home I felt so down but I had no one to talk to, so I just curled up(蜷缩) with my teddy bear and cried myself to sleep,” Guo said. The next day, she said, she felt much better and life seemed not so bad after all.
Because crying is taken as a sign of weakness, people make a great show of being strong and not displaying emotion. Psychologists and medical practitioners agree that crying is beneficial for mental health but people still regard it as a sign of failure and bottle up their feelings. A famous Chinese author once said to cry is normal, and even brave. Those who display their emotions can deal with their troubles bravely after the tears dry, while those who soldier on let problems fester（恶化）.
In the Chaoyang district of Beijing, there is a special place for people to cry their sadness out. It is called “Cry Bar”. On the door of each of its “cry rooms” there is a saying encouraging people to let the tears flow freely.
“Crying is a kind of therapy, but it needs some direction,” said Milulu, a psychologist.
“People should realize the point of crying is to relieve pressure, but some of the young people who come to the Cry Bar simply sit and weep. The purpose of crying is to make it easier to improve your life after the tears dry, not to get lost in bad memories.”
Crying is only one way of relieving pressure, and we need to face problems squarely and solve them once the tears have dried, said Mululu.
小题1:Crying _____ made Guo Meng feel better.
| A．with some friend | B．all the night with a toy |
| C．during her sleep | D．in bed before sleep |
| A．get rid of their sadness | B．bottle up their feelings |
| C．act on psychologists’ advice | D．face their troubles bravely |
| A．Think of every sad experience they’ve had and cry |
| B．Keep crying as loudly as long as possible. |
| C．Satisfy any desire to cry and weep until it is gone. |
| D．Hold back their tears until they can’t help but cry. |
| A．is to relieve pressure | B．must help to solve problems |
| C．means facing problems squarely | D．can’t weaken sad feelings. |
Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning (断奶) in either “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark or “winter” cycles of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day.
Then half the winter mice stayed in a winter cycle, while half switched to a summer schedule. The summer mice were similarly split. The mice raised in equal periods of light and dark were split into three groups, one of which stayed on the 12hour schedule, one of which joined the winter group, and one of which joined the summer group.
After 28 days, it turns out the summerborn mice behaved the same whether they stayed on the summer cycle or switched to winter. But among the winterborn mice, those stayed in winter kept their previous schedule, while those that switched to summer stayed active for an extra hour and a half, which indicates that mice born and weaned in a winter light cycle showed dramatic disruptions in their biological clocks.
The finding is the first of its kind in mammals, and it could explain why people born in winter are at higher risk for mental health disorders including bipolar depression, schizophrenia and seasonal affective disorder.
“We know that the biological clock regulates mood in humans，”said study researcher McMahon. “If the mechanism (机制) similar to the one that we found in mice operates in humans, then it could not only have an effect on a number of behavioral disorders, but also have a more general effect on personality.”
小题1:How many groups of mice are there finally in all in the experiment?
| A．Four. | B．Five. | C．Six. | D．Seven. |
| A．The biological clock regulates mood in humans. |
| B．People born in winter are at higher risk for physical health disorders. |
| C．Being born in winter has a negative effect on people"s mental health. |
| D．The length of light will influence the behavior of the mice. |
| A．ended | B．torn | C．hit | D．divided |
| A．A jobhunter. | B．A student in the university. |
| C．A newlymarried couple. | D．An experienced dentist. |
| Drink More Coffee When was the last time you heard a doctor use the word miracle? Well, wake up and smell the coffee: “It’s amazing,” says liver specialist Sanjiv Chopra, MD, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. “Coffee is truly a lifesaving miracle drug.” Though he says it’s still a “scientific mystery” how a simple cup of coffee works its wonders in the body, large epidemiological studies have repeatedly proved its astonishing benefits. “Drink it black, or at most put a little skim milk in it” to minimize calories, Dr. Chopra recommends. He drinks at least four cups a day himself, though most people should limit themselves to two. And no, he jokes, “I’m not sponsored by Starbucks.” Take a Walk for Your Memory Aerobic (有氧运动的) exercise is good for your body, great for your mind, according to the latest research from brain-fitness pioneer Arthur Kramer. Every year, an area called the hippocampus, which is key to memory, shrinks by about 1 to 2 percent, increasing the risk of dementia (脑衰) as the years roll by. However, Kramer’s new investigations reveal that the hippocampi of adults who walked briskly for about 45 minutes three times a week grew by about 2 percent over the course of a year, preventing age-related shrinking. It’s never too late to start exercising, Kramer says; volunteers in his research were between 55 and 80 years old and hadn’t exercised at all. And it doesn’t need to be backbreaking. “Anything that raises your heart rate seems to work,” he says. “Walking is fine. Just find something you like and do it.” Early to Bed, Early to Eat “Being a night owl might increase your waistline,” says sleep expert Michael Breus, PhD. People who stay up late and sleep late tend to eat more fast food and consume more of their calories after 8 p.m. than do normal sleepers. “One of the easiest things that anyone on a diet can do to improve her results is go to bed and wake up at the same times every day,” Breus says. “This way, your body knows when to sleep and is much more efficient. Organize your eating, too, by trying to eat meals at the same times every day. Avoid eating after 8 p.m., and don’t miss morning meals by sleeping in.” Use the 20-Second Rule What’s the difference between having a goal and actually accomplishing it? Just 20 seconds, says positive-psychology specialist Shawn Achor. Researchers have learned that if we can cut 20 seconds off the startup time required for a task, we’re much more likely to follow through. So, for example, if you want to work out in the morning, place your shoes and exercise clothes next to your bed the night before. If you want to praise people more, put thank-you notes and a pen on your desk. Imagine the Worst to Feel Better Don’t count your blessings; subtract (扣除) them. “Consciously spend a few minutes imagining what your life would be like without the good things,” says Timothy Wilson, a psychologist at the University of Virginia. You’ll experience stronger feelings of love, gratitude, and happiness when you think about what life would be like without the people and things you love. “And they’ll seem surprising and special again,” he adds. |
| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．six |
| A．Raising their heart rate. | B．Taking a walk for their memory. |
| C．Eating at fixed times. | D．Sleeping in every morning. |
| A．do exercise | B．set a goal |
| C．cut 20 seconds off | D．sleep 20 minutes more |
| A．To experience surprise. | B．To feel better. |
| C．To consider their own blessings. | D．To prepare for the worst. |
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
| B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
| C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers. |
| D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers. |
| A．interests. | B．characters. | C．occupations. | D．lifestyles. |
| A．people like living in towns and cities |
| B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life |
| C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others |
| D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers. |
| A．character change | B．temperature rise |
| C．pressure increase | D．energy weakening |
| A．women living in villages live the longest |
| B．women living in cities live the longest |
| C．men living in villages live the longest |
| D．men living in cities live the longest. |
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