题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
“For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more withdrawn behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.”
The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons (武器) and show signs of negative social behavior.
小题1:What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
| A．Scientific Technology | B．Science Fictions |
| C．Social News | D．Health Report |
| A．backward | B．unsocial | C．generous | D．friendly |
| A．age | B．sex | C．games | D．parents |
| A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period. |
| B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day. |
| C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors. |
| D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior. |
| A．soft drinks | B．attention problems |
| C．caffeine | D．social conditions |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:C
解析
试题分析：文章叙述了一项研究的结果。一项新的研究发现，经常喝软饮料的儿童，容易出现攻击性行为。研究人员发现，促使儿童出现攻击性行为的主要原因是软饮料中所含的咖啡因。
小题1:根据第一段“A new study has found evidence of aggressive (攻击性的) behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day.”可知，这是一项关于儿童攻击性的研究，A科学技术；B科幻小说；C社会新闻；D健康报道。D项最符合，故选D。
小题2:根据“which make them hard to get along well with others”可知，一天喝四杯以上软饮料的儿童，会出现孤僻的行为，他们很难与他人相处好，故选B。
小题3:根据第六段“The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. ...the researchers have examined parenting styles”可知，研究人员研究了儿童的年龄、性别和父母的抚养风格，故选C。
小题4:根据第一、二段和最后一段“over a two-month period ...4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day ...Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those”可知，A、B、D错误。根据第三段“Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.”可知，饮用软饮料最多的儿童，出现攻击性行为的可能性是不喝软饮料儿童的两倍。不喝软饮料的儿童，出现较少的攻击性行为，故选C。
小题5:根据最后一段“An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive.”可知，caffeine能促使人们感觉精力充沛，能使5岁大的孩子变得更具攻击性。故选C。
核心考点
试题【A new study has found evidence of aggressive (攻击性的) behavior in children who dri】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
“I need to cry to let my feeling out,” said 22-year-old Guo Meng, a smart-looking young woman. “I remember one day when I got home I felt so down but I had no one to talk to, so I just curled up(蜷缩) with my teddy bear and cried myself to sleep,” Guo said. The next day, she said, she felt much better and life seemed not so bad after all.
Because crying is taken as a sign of weakness, people make a great show of being strong and not displaying emotion. Psychologists and medical practitioners agree that crying is beneficial for mental health but people still regard it as a sign of failure and bottle up their feelings. A famous Chinese author once said to cry is normal, and even brave. Those who display their emotions can deal with their troubles bravely after the tears dry, while those who soldier on let problems fester（恶化）.
In the Chaoyang district of Beijing, there is a special place for people to cry their sadness out. It is called “Cry Bar”. On the door of each of its “cry rooms” there is a saying encouraging people to let the tears flow freely.
“Crying is a kind of therapy, but it needs some direction,” said Milulu, a psychologist.
“People should realize the point of crying is to relieve pressure, but some of the young people who come to the Cry Bar simply sit and weep. The purpose of crying is to make it easier to improve your life after the tears dry, not to get lost in bad memories.”
Crying is only one way of relieving pressure, and we need to face problems squarely and solve them once the tears have dried, said Mululu.
小题1:Crying _____ made Guo Meng feel better.
| A．with some friend | B．all the night with a toy |
| C．during her sleep | D．in bed before sleep |
| A．get rid of their sadness | B．bottle up their feelings |
| C．act on psychologists’ advice | D．face their troubles bravely |
| A．Think of every sad experience they’ve had and cry |
| B．Keep crying as loudly as long as possible. |
| C．Satisfy any desire to cry and weep until it is gone. |
| D．Hold back their tears until they can’t help but cry. |
| A．is to relieve pressure | B．must help to solve problems |
| C．means facing problems squarely | D．can’t weaken sad feelings. |
Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning (断奶) in either “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark or “winter” cycles of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day.
Then half the winter mice stayed in a winter cycle, while half switched to a summer schedule. The summer mice were similarly split. The mice raised in equal periods of light and dark were split into three groups, one of which stayed on the 12hour schedule, one of which joined the winter group, and one of which joined the summer group.
After 28 days, it turns out the summerborn mice behaved the same whether they stayed on the summer cycle or switched to winter. But among the winterborn mice, those stayed in winter kept their previous schedule, while those that switched to summer stayed active for an extra hour and a half, which indicates that mice born and weaned in a winter light cycle showed dramatic disruptions in their biological clocks.
The finding is the first of its kind in mammals, and it could explain why people born in winter are at higher risk for mental health disorders including bipolar depression, schizophrenia and seasonal affective disorder.
“We know that the biological clock regulates mood in humans，”said study researcher McMahon. “If the mechanism (机制) similar to the one that we found in mice operates in humans, then it could not only have an effect on a number of behavioral disorders, but also have a more general effect on personality.”
小题1:How many groups of mice are there finally in all in the experiment?
| A．Four. | B．Five. | C．Six. | D．Seven. |
| A．The biological clock regulates mood in humans. |
| B．People born in winter are at higher risk for physical health disorders. |
| C．Being born in winter has a negative effect on people"s mental health. |
| D．The length of light will influence the behavior of the mice. |
| A．ended | B．torn | C．hit | D．divided |
| A．A jobhunter. | B．A student in the university. |
| C．A newlymarried couple. | D．An experienced dentist. |
| Drink More Coffee When was the last time you heard a doctor use the word miracle? Well, wake up and smell the coffee: “It’s amazing,” says liver specialist Sanjiv Chopra, MD, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. “Coffee is truly a lifesaving miracle drug.” Though he says it’s still a “scientific mystery” how a simple cup of coffee works its wonders in the body, large epidemiological studies have repeatedly proved its astonishing benefits. “Drink it black, or at most put a little skim milk in it” to minimize calories, Dr. Chopra recommends. He drinks at least four cups a day himself, though most people should limit themselves to two. And no, he jokes, “I’m not sponsored by Starbucks.” Take a Walk for Your Memory Aerobic (有氧运动的) exercise is good for your body, great for your mind, according to the latest research from brain-fitness pioneer Arthur Kramer. Every year, an area called the hippocampus, which is key to memory, shrinks by about 1 to 2 percent, increasing the risk of dementia (脑衰) as the years roll by. However, Kramer’s new investigations reveal that the hippocampi of adults who walked briskly for about 45 minutes three times a week grew by about 2 percent over the course of a year, preventing age-related shrinking. It’s never too late to start exercising, Kramer says; volunteers in his research were between 55 and 80 years old and hadn’t exercised at all. And it doesn’t need to be backbreaking. “Anything that raises your heart rate seems to work,” he says. “Walking is fine. Just find something you like and do it.” Early to Bed, Early to Eat “Being a night owl might increase your waistline,” says sleep expert Michael Breus, PhD. People who stay up late and sleep late tend to eat more fast food and consume more of their calories after 8 p.m. than do normal sleepers. “One of the easiest things that anyone on a diet can do to improve her results is go to bed and wake up at the same times every day,” Breus says. “This way, your body knows when to sleep and is much more efficient. Organize your eating, too, by trying to eat meals at the same times every day. Avoid eating after 8 p.m., and don’t miss morning meals by sleeping in.” Use the 20-Second Rule What’s the difference between having a goal and actually accomplishing it? Just 20 seconds, says positive-psychology specialist Shawn Achor. Researchers have learned that if we can cut 20 seconds off the startup time required for a task, we’re much more likely to follow through. So, for example, if you want to work out in the morning, place your shoes and exercise clothes next to your bed the night before. If you want to praise people more, put thank-you notes and a pen on your desk. Imagine the Worst to Feel Better Don’t count your blessings; subtract (扣除) them. “Consciously spend a few minutes imagining what your life would be like without the good things,” says Timothy Wilson, a psychologist at the University of Virginia. You’ll experience stronger feelings of love, gratitude, and happiness when you think about what life would be like without the people and things you love. “And they’ll seem surprising and special again,” he adds. |
| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．six |
| A．Raising their heart rate. | B．Taking a walk for their memory. |
| C．Eating at fixed times. | D．Sleeping in every morning. |
| A．do exercise | B．set a goal |
| C．cut 20 seconds off | D．sleep 20 minutes more |
| A．To experience surprise. | B．To feel better. |
| C．To consider their own blessings. | D．To prepare for the worst. |
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
| B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
| C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers. |
| D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers. |
| A．interests. | B．characters. | C．occupations. | D．lifestyles. |
| A．people like living in towns and cities |
| B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life |
| C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others |
| D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers. |
| A．character change | B．temperature rise |
| C．pressure increase | D．energy weakening |
| A．women living in villages live the longest |
| B．women living in cities live the longest |
| C．men living in villages live the longest |
| D．men living in cities live the longest. |
1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：About 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 kinds of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number that doctors advise.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小题1:What is found out about American seniors?
| A．Most of them have good habits. |
| B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week . |
| C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected . |
| D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day |
| A．twice a day | B．three times a day |
| C．four times a day | D．eight times a day |
| A．We should stop touching our faces. |
| B．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. |
| C．There are less than 300 kinds of bacteria in the mouth. |
| D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. |
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