题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Drink More Coffee When was the last time you heard a doctor use the word miracle? Well, wake up and smell the coffee: “It’s amazing,” says liver specialist Sanjiv Chopra, MD, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. “Coffee is truly a lifesaving miracle drug.” Though he says it’s still a “scientific mystery” how a simple cup of coffee works its wonders in the body, large epidemiological studies have repeatedly proved its astonishing benefits. “Drink it black, or at most put a little skim milk in it” to minimize calories, Dr. Chopra recommends. He drinks at least four cups a day himself, though most people should limit themselves to two. And no, he jokes, “I’m not sponsored by Starbucks.” Take a Walk for Your Memory Aerobic (有氧运动的) exercise is good for your body, great for your mind, according to the latest research from brain-fitness pioneer Arthur Kramer. Every year, an area called the hippocampus, which is key to memory, shrinks by about 1 to 2 percent, increasing the risk of dementia (脑衰) as the years roll by. However, Kramer’s new investigations reveal that the hippocampi of adults who walked briskly for about 45 minutes three times a week grew by about 2 percent over the course of a year, preventing age-related shrinking. It’s never too late to start exercising, Kramer says; volunteers in his research were between 55 and 80 years old and hadn’t exercised at all. And it doesn’t need to be backbreaking. “Anything that raises your heart rate seems to work,” he says. “Walking is fine. Just find something you like and do it.” Early to Bed, Early to Eat “Being a night owl might increase your waistline,” says sleep expert Michael Breus, PhD. People who stay up late and sleep late tend to eat more fast food and consume more of their calories after 8 p.m. than do normal sleepers. “One of the easiest things that anyone on a diet can do to improve her results is go to bed and wake up at the same times every day,” Breus says. “This way, your body knows when to sleep and is much more efficient. Organize your eating, too, by trying to eat meals at the same times every day. Avoid eating after 8 p.m., and don’t miss morning meals by sleeping in.” Use the 20-Second Rule What’s the difference between having a goal and actually accomplishing it? Just 20 seconds, says positive-psychology specialist Shawn Achor. Researchers have learned that if we can cut 20 seconds off the startup time required for a task, we’re much more likely to follow through. So, for example, if you want to work out in the morning, place your shoes and exercise clothes next to your bed the night before. If you want to praise people more, put thank-you notes and a pen on your desk. Imagine the Worst to Feel Better Don’t count your blessings; subtract (扣除) them. “Consciously spend a few minutes imagining what your life would be like without the good things,” says Timothy Wilson, a psychologist at the University of Virginia. You’ll experience stronger feelings of love, gratitude, and happiness when you think about what life would be like without the people and things you love. “And they’ll seem surprising and special again,” he adds. |
A.two | B.three | C.four | D.six |
A.Raising their heart rate. | B.Taking a walk for their memory. |
C.Eating at fixed times. | D.Sleeping in every morning. |
A.do exercise | B.set a goal |
C.cut 20 seconds off | D.sleep 20 minutes more |
A.To experience surprise. | B.To feel better. |
C.To consider their own blessings. | D.To prepare for the worst. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:美国专家给出了一些保持健康的明智的方法。包括饮食,锻炼和心理的调适都可以让我们保持健康。
小题1:细节题:从文章第三段的句子:He drinks at least four cups a day himself, though most people should limit themselves to two.可知Sanjiv Chopra,认为大部分人每天不应该喝超过2杯咖啡。选A
小题2:细节题:从文章倒数第三段的句子:This way, your body knows when to sleep and is much more efficient. Organize your eating, too, by trying to eat meals at the same times every day.可知在固定的时间吃饭可以帮助减肥的人提高减肥的结果,选C
小题3:细节题:从文章倒数第二段的句子:if you want to work out in the morning, place your shoes and exercise clothes next to your bed the night before.可知Shawn Achor认为如果人们 将鞋子和运动服在睡觉的时候放在床边,第二天早上更可能锻炼,选 A
小题4:细节题:从文章最后一段的句子:Consciously spend a few minutes imagining what your life would be like without the good things,”…..You’ll experience stronger feelings of love, gratitude, and happiness when you think about what life would be like without the people and things you love.可知人们应该每天花一些时间想一想不好的生活,这样会感觉好一些。选B
核心考点
试题【Below are some smart ways to stay healthy suggested by some American experts. Dr】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A.Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
B.City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. |
C.Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers. |
D.City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers. |
A.interests. | B.characters. | C.occupations. | D.lifestyles. |
A.people like living in towns and cities |
B.city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life |
C.village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others |
D.village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers. |
A.character change | B.temperature rise |
C.pressure increase | D.energy weakening |
A.women living in villages live the longest |
B.women living in cities live the longest |
C.men living in villages live the longest |
D.men living in cities live the longest. |
1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding:About 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step:Remove the 300 kinds of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding:Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number that doctors advise.
·Step:We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding:Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step:Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小题1:What is found out about American seniors?
A.Most of them have good habits. |
B.Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week . |
C.All of them are fighting germs better than expected . |
D.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day |
A.twice a day | B.three times a day |
C.four times a day | D.eight times a day |
A.We should stop touching our faces. |
B.A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. |
C.There are less than 300 kinds of bacteria in the mouth. |
D.We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. |
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life. Anxiety is your brain’s way of telling you about danger. It is anxiety which helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you. But if it gets out of hand, anxiety can get in the way of your getting on with life and can become a real problem. If this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
Anxiety is a normal part of life. Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situations. There are lots of reasons for this. One main reason is after a stressful thing which has happened in your life. So, if you are involved in a car crash, it’s quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
Being anxious also probably runs in families. If your parents suffer from anxiety then you are more likely to be anxious too. This is probably partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are when you’re growing up.
Even though people don’t talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems. About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem it’s hard for other people to understand why something that doesn’t worry them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for you. This can make you feel separated and lonely, as may become worse and worse.
The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety. These include taking therapies (疗法) and drugs.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?
A.With anxiety you are far away from traffic accidents. |
B.It’s abnormal for people to get too anxious after a stressful thing. |
C.Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations. |
D.When you feel stressed out, scared or worried, you are surely suffering from anxiety. |
A.Illness. | B.Experience. | C.Genetics. | D.Environment. |
A.Anxiety is the most common mental health problem. |
B.Those suffering from anxiety need others’ understanding badly. |
C.About a quarter of the population are suffering from anxiety now. |
D.Once you suffer from anxiety, you’d better seek for medical treatment. |
A.what is about anxiety | B.what causes anxiety |
C.how to handle anxiety | D.when anxiety becomes serious |
Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby"s gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉质), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby"s teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children"s dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.
小题1:According to the passage,what is the function of fluoride?
A.Making the surface on teeth much cleaner. |
B.Protecting gums from being infected. |
C.Keeping holes on teeth from forming. |
D.Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production. |
A.do harm to | B.account for |
C.contribute to | D.stand for |
A.To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth. |
B.To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste. |
C.To draw our attention to the dental care of young children. |
D.To present the research results about dental care. |
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations(含量),,,Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people"s exposure over long time periods," he said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy(遗留) in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China"s north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended(悬浮的)particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000. They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.
小题1:The main idea of this passage is that_·
A.research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy |
B.the government provided free coal for heating in North China |
C.coal burning causes bad air quality across China |
D.a new study finds different particulates in South China |
A.power stations | B.construction sites |
C.the free heating policy | D.gases from vehicles |
A.coal is no longer used for heating in North China |
B.air quality was comparatively better in South China |
C.southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s |
D.people preferred to live in South China after 1980 |
A.dirty clouds | B.particular smoke |
C.harmful dust | D.dangerous bacteria |
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