题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
According to The New York Times, over the past 15 years, Glafira Rosales fooled two local commercial art galleries into buying 63 false works of art for more than $30 million.She passed off fake paintings as works by 20th century modernist masters such as American artists Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock.But in fact, these so called “newly discovered works” were all produced by a single man, a Chinese immigrant named Qian Peishen.
The art world was shocked by Rosales" deception.But to the public, it was amusing and most satisfying to see wealthy people get tricked.
So what decides the value of a piece of art? Is it beauty? Is it the artist"s talent and craftsmanship? Or is it just because the artist is famous?
We should take beauty out. If the buyers were buying paintings only for their beauty, they"ll be content displaying good fakes on their walls. They wouldn"t be so upset when a forgery is exposed.
The art market claims that great artists are inimitable, and that this inimitability justifies the absurd price of their works. We can"t deny that most famous artists are good at what they do, but forgers like Qian show that their works are imitable.Otherwise, the difference between the original and the copycats would be obvious and Rosales would not be able to fool anyone.
According to an article in the Economist, expensive paintings are what economists call positional goods. They are valuable because other people can"t have them. With other goods, a higher price reduces demand.But art turns down the laws of economics. “When the goods that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has paid a lot, price increases cause demand to boom，” explained the article.
That"s why scarcity and authenticity are so important in the art market. Artists sometimes forget this.Demien Hirst, the British pop artist, is famous for his spot paintings. But they dropped in value when it became clear that they had been produced in quantities so vast that nobody knew how many were out there.The art market lost faith in these paintings because no one could be sure which of them were authentic and which were fake.
小题1:The first paragraph is meant to tell the readers that ________.
| A．movies and literature will be popular with art involved in them |
| B．art crimes are as interesting and exciting in reality as in movies |
| C．Gambit is a good movie with art forgery as the major theme |
| D．real art crime in reality can be adapted into popular films |
| A．The public. |
| B．Glafira Rosales. |
| C．Qian Peishen. |
| D．Mark Rothlo and Jackson Pollock. |
| A．Those who buy only for its beauty. |
| B．Those who buy for its inimitability. |
| C．Those who "buy for its authenticity. |
| D．Those who buy for its scarcity. |
| A．They are valuable goods. |
| B．High prices reduce the demand of art goods. |
| C．High prices increase the demand of art goods. |
| D．They are produced in quantities to satisfy people. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
文章大意：艺术偷盗和艺术仿造是文学和电影的两大主题。而现实世界中，其精彩和刺激，一点也不输给影视作品。
小题1:B 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句话“In reality, art crimes are no less interesting and exciting.”可推知。
小题2:A 细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句话“But to the public, it was amusing and most satisfying to see wealthy people get tricked.”可知。
小题3:A 细节理解题。由第五段后两句话“If the buyers were buying paintings only for their beauty, they"ll be content displaying good fakes on their walls. They wouldn"t be so upset when a forgery is exposed.”可知，对于购买艺术品只为欣赏美的人来说，艺术品的真假不那么重要。
小题4:C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句话“When the goods that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has paid a lot, price increases cause demand to boom”可知。
核心考点
试题【Art robbery and art forgery (仿造) are both major themes in crime movies and liter】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry，it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher，Gerardo Ramirez，have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam，highly anxious testtakers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “What we think happens is when students put it down on paper，they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it"s not as bad as they might think it was before and，in essence(本质上)，it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they"re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B＋，compared to a B－ for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly testanxious，who"d done our writing intervention(排解)，all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don"t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test. |
| B．In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better. |
| C．In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse. |
| D．Some college students are highly anxious testtakers while others are not in the tests. |
| A．Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test. |
| B．Test anxiety can improve students" performance to some degree. |
| C．Students" attention and memory resources run out when worried. |
| D．Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried. |
| A．proper amount of burden may turn out to be a good thing |
| B．facing the fears bravely may help one to achieve more |
| C．avoiding facing the problem may contribute to relaxation |
| D．taking no action before difficulty may result in success |
| A．It is important for students to overcome test anxiety. |
| B．Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears. |
| C．It is a common practice for students being worried before a test. |
| D．Being worried before tests does harm to students" performance. |
Bali(巴厘岛) is home to most of Indonesia"s Hindu minority. Here"s how to get the most out of a 48hour visit：
FRIDAY
3pm—There"s nothing like a good meal. La Lucciola is the place to go, with its good food, great service and a beautiful view of the sea.
You can hire a car for some 450,000 rupiah per day. This will help you have more to spare during your trip there.
5pm—About an hour away from La Lucciola is Uluwatu. This southern tip of the island is famous for its temple that lies on the edge, high above the sea. Fire dance is performed here daily at sunset.
8pm—To finish off the evening, head to Jimbaran Bay where restaurants offer candles, dances, boys singing songs. Kick off your shoes, feel the sand, and enjoy the night.
SATURDAY
9：30am—Start the day with another taste of culture by heading for a “barong and keris” dance performance. It"s held in many places. One is the Catur Eka Budi in Denpasar, capital of Bali.
12pm—About 50km from Denpasar is Kintamani, a favorite with tourists for the view of active volcano Mt. Batur. It"s a good idea to reach Kintamani early as it gets cloudy after 3pm. Have lunch at a local restaurant with a view of Mt. Batur. Tourists can climb to Mt. Batur to catch the sunrise.
6：30pm—Spa(温泉疗养)time! Spa Hati is a good place. Book ahead.
SUNDAY
6am—It"s time to go to the sea. Don"t forget the camera.
10：30am—Another halfday trip to two of the most famous temples in Bali. Drive down to the Taman Ayun temple at Mengwi.
12am—Next up is the Tanah Lot temple, perhaps the most famous of them all. Built on a rock, it"s best seen in the afternoon when it"s against the sun or at sunset.
小题1:How can you save time during your trip in La Lucciola according to the text?
| A．Having a pair of good shoes. |
| B．Preparing early and well. |
| C．Joining a tour group. |
| D．Hiring a car. |
| A．In La Lucciola. | B．In Uluwatu. |
| C．At Mengwi. | D．In Denpasar. |
| A．5 am. | B．4 pm. | C．11 am. | D．9 pm. |
| A．Joining in a “ barong and keris” dance. |
| B．Visiting the Tanah Lot temple. |
| C．Having a spa in Spa Hati. |
| D．Having lunch in Kintamani. |
I get it. I know what it’s like. My father my family when I was two years old ,and I was by a single mom who had to work and who struggled to pay the hills and wasn"t always to give us the things that other kids had. There were times when I having a father in my life. There were times when I was and I felt like I didn"t fit in.
So I wasn"t always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I"m not of, and I got in more trouble than I should .And my life could have taken a turn for the worse.
But I was ，I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my .
Some of you might not have those . Maybe you don"t have adults in your life who give you the that you need. Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there"s not enough money to the daily expenses. Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don"t feel safe, or have friends who are you to do things that you know aren"t right.
But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life are, of those is an excuse for ignoring your homework or having a bad in school. That"s no excuse for talking back to your , or dropping out of school. There"s no excuse for not trying.
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In many countries，the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work.After one or two large factories have been built in or near a town，people come to find work，and soon an industrial area begins to grow.There is usually a residential area nearby，where the factory workers can live.The families of these workers need schools，hospitals and shops，so more people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows.
In every major city in the world，there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices.In the United States，this area is usually in the city centre.It is here that you can see the huge skyscraper office blocks.The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day.Many of them live in the suburbs of the city，far away from the industrial area and the city centre.Some suburbs are very pleasant，with nice houses and big gardens.There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need.
But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger? Perhaps not.Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years，and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages.
小题1:We can easily know that the underlined phrase “urban areas” means________.
| A．areas of the countryside |
| B．areas of a town or city |
| C．areas near the countryside |
| D．areas near a town or city |
| A．Because they can live more comfortably there. |
| B．Because they prefer a noisy life to a peaceful life. |
| C．Because they want to find work. |
| D．Because they are sure of having a better life there. |
| A．rows of houses，schools and shops |
| B．many offices and factories |
| C．a lot of factories and farms |
| D．many houses with offices and factories |
| A．while living on the faraway edge of the city |
| B．and live there |
| C．but live in another city |
| D．but live far away out of the city |
There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litres—less than it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred litres that day—two or three buckets" worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn"t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it"s cheaper. Like the poorest people everywhere, the people of New Delhi"s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.
小题1:The underlined word “slum” most likely means________.
| A．a village |
| B．a small town |
| C．an area of a town with badlybuilt, overcrowded buildings |
| D．the part of a town that lacks water badly |
| A．the weather is bad |
| B．there is no electricity |
| C．there is no water |
| D．people don"t want the dirty water |
| A．a hundred | B．four hundred |
| C．forty | D．fifty |
| A．A hundred litres of water a day is enough for Shoba"s family. |
| B．Americans uses the largest amount of water each day. |
| C．In Kesum Purbahari milk is cheaper than bottled water. |
| D．Shoba has a family of seven people. |
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