题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Various myths offer the hope of great longevity. In the imaginary land of Shangri-La, for example, people are said to lead a charmed existence for a thousand years. The Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon was convinced that he would find the Foundation of Youth in what is now the state of Florida. According to the Bible, Methuselah lived to be more than 900 years old.
The subject of longevity is fascinating, and scientists study individuals such as Jeanne Calment to learn about the aging process. Calment died in 1997 in Arles, France, at the age of 122. She never married, and she lived in her own apartment until moving to a retirement community when she was 109.
Most scientists agree that bodies will last, at best, about 125 years. This potential has changed little since modern human beings appeared more than 100 thousand years age. Recent improvements in medicine and the environment have extended life expectancy, especially for those from poorer parts of the world. It is not clear, however, whether such improvements will lengthen life expectancy beyond a certain point.
Life expectancy is the number of years an infant can be expected to live, given the conditions into which it is born. Life expectancy, therefore, is affected by nutrition, medical care, and social and political circumstances. An individual’s genetic makeup is also an important factor. Children from long-lived families can hope to enjoy long lives themselves. According to recent data, the average life expectancy worldwide in 1998 was 67 years. This can be compared with an average life expectancy of 77 in the United States.
In 1970 the average life expectancy worldwide was 61 years, or 6 years less than it was in 1998. This same period saw a drop in infant mortality -— the death of a child before the first birthday-—from 80 births out of 1,000 to 54 births out of 1,000. According to some researchers, the rise in the average life expectancy is due primarily to the drop in infant mortality. It is not so much that adults are living to an older age. It is, rather, that more people are living into adulthood because more children are surviving beyond their first birthdays.
小题1:Infant mortality is defined as ________ .
A.the number of children born alive |
B.the kinds of behavior typical of very young children |
C.the number of children, out of 1,000 births, who die before their first birthday |
D.the typical and obvious thoughts of very young children |
A.it is more difficult to affect the rate of infant mortality |
B.it is unlikely that one will be able to extend the potential life span of human beings in general |
C.the process of evolution is extending the potential life span beyond 125 years |
D.the potential that bodies will last, at best, about 125 years has changed much since modern human beings appeared |
A.people live longer in the state of Florida |
B.a long life is a burden rather than a blessing |
C.it is possible to find a way to live for centuries |
D.life expectancy is affected by a couple of factors |
A.the aging process can be stopped. |
B.the aging process is inevitable. |
C.life expectancy in the United States will soon reach 125 years. |
D.the average life expectancy worldwide is decreasing |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:人的寿命有局限吗?改变生活方式可以延长寿命吗?自古以来,古今中外的人们都在试图破解生命之谜,寻找长寿之方。然而科学家们却认为人的寿命除了受营养、医疗、社会和政治环境影响外,人的遗传基因也起着非常重要的作用,所以人的寿命不是可以无限延长的。
小题1:C 词意猜测题。根据末段infant mortality -— the death of a child before the first birthday-—from 80 births out of 1,000 to 54 births out of 1,000.可知infant mortality指的是婴儿死亡率,故C选项正确。
小题2:B根据文章第四段内容可知人的寿命受多种因素影响,比如营养、医疗、社会和政治环境而且人的遗传基因也起着非常重要的作用,由此推断人们的寿命不可能全部延长,所以B为正确选项。
小题3:C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知人们曾认为某些地方的人们能活到将近一千年,由此可知C选项正确。
小题4:B推理判断题。根据文中Most scientists agree that bodies will last, at best, about 125 years.以及下文Life expectancy, therefore, is affected by nutrition, medical care, and social and political circumstances.可知无论怎样想方设法延长寿命,人的死亡是不可避免的,所以B选项正确。
核心考点
试题【 Is there a limit to the number of years that a person can expect to live? Can c】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
South Australia is the driest of all the states, but it does have the Murray River. The river brings greenness and life to the state"s southeast corner. In the early days of Australian history, the Murray River was South Australia"s main road. Before real roads and railways came, the river carried people and goods from the coast up into the country. Some towns on the Murray still keep the old riverboats, and visitors can ride on them.
小题1:People sometimes call Australia “the lucky country”, because ____ .
A.the people in Australia are very lucky |
B.Australia has a large number of industries |
C.there is the biggest oil fields of the world |
D.the country has very rich natural resources |
A.It"s a scene of desolation(荒凉). | B.It"s a scene of desert. |
C.The land is full of life. | D.The land lies waste. |
a.It lies in the south of the country.
b.It is the largest river of the country.
c.It irrigates the driest of the country.
d.It brings greenness and life to the southeast corner.
e.It is still an important passageway to carry people and goods.
A.a, b, c and d | B.b, c, d and e | C.c, d, e and a | D.d, e, a and b |
D
Mainland England and Wales have the largest number of protected parks. The first established area was the l,438 kilometer Peak District. The first national park lies in northern and central England. The Peak District with vast beauty is thought to be the world"s most visited national park after Japan"s Mount Fuji.
In the northwest area of Wales lies Snowdonia National Park. This attractive, mysterious ancient landscape is home to steep mountains. Walking trails to Mount Snowdon is only one of several exciting activities for hikers.
National parks in the UK can also boast of having Britain"s largest protected wetland "The Broad", just outside the village of Homing. An ideal spot for families, this 200-mile area combines waterways with an interesting intersection(交叉) of windmills, castles and an ancient Normal church.
Spreading across 885 miles of truly impressive rocky land is Lake District National Park. England"s largest park attraction is spread between Edinburgh to the north and Manchester to the south. Although the land itself seems wild, almost 40,000 people live within the park. Within this district"s vast borders we can find over 6,000 archaeological(考古的) sites and monuments dating back to prehistory.
The United Kingdom has taken great care to preserve its wilderness areas for the future generations, and all the parks are adventures waiting to De found which can be enjoyed by both natives and visitors.
小题1:Who is in charge of the National parks in the UK? (no more than 3 words)
小题2:According to the passage, which is thought to be the world"s most visited national park? (no more than 5 words)
小题3:If you want to see ancient monuments, where would you go? (no more than 4 words)
小题4:For whom are the wild areas preserved in the UK? (no more than 4 words)
小题5:What"s the text mainly about? (no more than 6 words)
The British have lived there for about 3,000 years. The Roman Empire intruded into (侵入)Britannia Island in 54 BC. The Romans built the first wooden bridge over the Thames River.
London is a world-famous cultural city. There are many famous cultural sites. It is one of the world"s great tourist destinations. About eight million people visit London every year.
The largest museum is the British Museum, which was built in the 18th century. There are many ancient cultural relics of Britain and of other countries in the museum. The London Tower stands on the southeast of Tower Mountain. It was once a palace, and it is now an exhibition center. Westminster Hall is located on the west bank of the Thames River and was built in 750 AD. It is the largest Gothic building of the world and was a palace in the past, too.
The Clock Tower, which is about 97 meters high, is located northeast of the parliament. The famous “Big Ben” weighs about 21 tons and its big pendulum(钟摆)is about 305 kilograms. Hyde Park is one of the great parks in the world and it is in the west district of London. There is a free forum(论坛) there and some people give speeches there every week. They can say almost anything, but they can"t attack the Queen or support violent revolution.
小题1:Which of the following statements is WRONG?
A.London lies in the southeast plain of England. |
B.The British first lived in London thousands of years ago. |
C.People can enjoy a walk along the Thames River in London. |
D.The Roman Empire intruded into Britannia Island over 2,100 years ago. |
A.London receives millions of visitors every month |
B.only in the British Museum can you see ancient cultural relics of Britain |
C.the famous "Big Ben" in the Clock Tower is about 97 meters high |
D.not everything can be talked about in the forum at Hyde Park |
A.traveling | B.kids | C.museums | D.Holidays |
One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, as the losers disagreed with the final decisions. They believed that one of their goals should have been allowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in great anger when he said: “This isn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension(停赛) of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable(有争议的) end to their contest. The game had ended in disorder. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury (评审委员会) debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism (爱国主义).
小题1:According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ____.
A.created goodwill between the nations |
B.hardly showed any international friendship |
C.caused only false national pride |
D.led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred |
A.There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation. |
B.His team would no longer take part in international games. |
C.Hockey and the Federation are ruined by the unfair decisions. |
D.The Federation should be ended. |
A.too much patriotism was displayed in the incident |
B.the announcement to make the match last longer was wrong |
C.the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision |
D.The American team was right in receiving the silver medals |
A.The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved. |
B.Different teams often have disputes when fighting for the first place. |
C.Any team that has disrespectful behavior should be suspended. |
D.Athletes should compete as individuals. |
As the story opens,eight-year-old farm girl Fern Arable stops her father from killing a baby pig who is weaker than his brothers and sisters.The little pig,Wilbur,becomes one of the main characters in the story.Later he will be treated as a friend by Charlotte,a wise and loving spider living on the same farm.Wilbur slowly realizes that the farmer will kill him for his meat in a few months ,and Charlotte decides to help him out.She tries many things to keep Wilbur alive.She writes words in her web describing how wonderful Wilbur is and this makes the farm famous.
White creates a sort of modern animal fable(寓言),in which animals can speak both with each other and with Fern.Also there are many great characters in this book.
The society of animals has many lessons to teach children and adults:friendship,sacrifice(牺牲),hope,determination,love,duty,fairness,respect,and many more.
Part of this novel’s success is the fact that the author makes a heroine(女主角)out of a spider,a creature that many people probably dislike.Unlike a lovely little pig or other creatures,a spider is a creature greatly different from humans.White’s Charlotte is a truly wonderful character.He tells the story of Charlotte and her friends in a special way.This is a book that no one could ever dislike.It has much to offer to children as well as to older teens and adult readers.
小题1:According to the descripion of the book,Charlotte ______.
A.is a nice and clever spider |
B.often teaches her friends good lessons |
C.always sacrifices herself for her friends |
D.is disliked by many animals around her |
A.That there are many animals in the book. |
B.That the author of the book is very famous. |
C.That the author knows children very well. |
D.That the author makes a heroine out of a spider. |
A.is the most interesting book for children
B.is E.B. White’s only book written for children
C.is a good book not only for children but also for adults
D.is mainly about how animals get along with each other
小题4:What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?
A.To introduce the book Charlitte’s Web |
B.To discuss what kinds of books are good to read |
C.To explain why Charlitte’s Web is a good book |
D.To tell us the importance of friendship in our life |
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