题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (实业家) in the UK found that 70 percent felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public.
Britain is hostile to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy (嫉妒) . As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood”. Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green-eyed monster” and the UK is its home. Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people together and gave each an imaginary amount of money. Some were given a little, others a great deal. Those given a little money were given the chance to destroy the large amounts of money given to others—but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.
This seems to prove the entrepreneurs were right to complain. But there is also conflicting evidence. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently reported that the UK was now the world’s fourth largest economy. That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy, either.
“It’s not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a Professor of management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems arrogant (傲慢) or unfair or which separates them from their roots.”
Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem. They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them. It hardly seems worth following their example. If they were friendlier, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.
小题1:What does the underlined “it” in the second paragraph refer to__________?
A.One group of people | B.A great survey | C.A nation | D.National character |
A.the British public are hardworking |
B.they are not popular simply because they are successful |
C.love of success is Britain’s national character |
D.they are considered as “green-eyed monsters” |
A.Most people would rather fail than see others succeed |
B.Two thirds of the people tested didn’t love money |
C.An imaginary amount of money does not attract people |
D.Most people are willing to enjoy success with others |
A.jealousy is Britain’s national character |
B.British entrepreneurs are not fairly treated |
C.the British dislike the entrepreneurs because they do not behave properly |
D.the scientists at Warwich University did a successful test |
A.Everyone knows that the French are romantic, the Germans are fashionable and the Italians are serious. |
B.About 350 entrepreneurs in the UK felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. |
C.The British people are not lazy and they work longer hours than anyone else in the world. |
D.Carey Cooper said that the British really dislike success. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:B
解析
试题分析:真的存在民族性格吗?它会影响到一个国家的兴衰成败吗?一项对英国企业家的调查显示,超过一半的企业家认为他们不受大众的欢迎。他们认为这是由英国固有的嫉妒文化导致。
小题1:根据第一段“Are these just stereotypes or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeed or fail?”和第二段“70 percent felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public”可知,是否存在一种叫作“民族性格”的东西呢?它能否影响一个国家的成败呢?至少有一些人相信民族性格能够影响国家成败。It指的是第一段提到的national character,故选D。
小题2:根据第三段“It has a culture of jealousy (嫉妒) . As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood””可知,大多数企业家并不受欢迎是因为,人们认为他们是继承了家族的事业,英国充斥着嫉妒文化,故选B。
小题3:根据第三段“Those given a little money were given the chance to destroy the large amounts of money given to others—but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.”可知,测试中得到一点钱的人,有三分之二愿意毁掉他人得到的一大笔钱,即使以自己得到的一点钱为代价。由此可见,大多数人都对他人的成功抱有嫉妒心理,故选A。
小题4:根据第五段““It’s not really success that the British dislike,” ...“It’s people using their success in a way that seems arrogant (傲慢) or unfair or which separates them from their roots.””可知,英国人并非不喜欢他人的成功,而是不喜欢人们以成功自居的傲慢态度和不公正的行为,故选C。
小题5:根据第二段“A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (实业家) in the UK found that 70 percent felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public.”可知,500位企业家中的70%是350人,故选B。
核心考点
试题【Everyone knows that the French are romantic, the Italians are fashionable and th】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Social scientists agree that patterns of development have changed the landscape a great deal in the last half century. Before 1950, most people lived in towns or cities and either walked to work or took public transportation. Only very wealthy people had automobiles. Farmers lived in rural areas or isolated villages and came into town only when they needed things they couldn’t produce themselves. If you gazed at the landscape you would see towns surrounded by countryside. Then a massive change occurred.
Automobiles became affordable and people were quick to adopt them. Now ambitious workers could live in the suburbs, the areas just outside cities, which started to grow rapidly. As long as there was lots of cheap land in the suburbs, no one paid much attention to the usage of that land. Malls, fast food restaurants, cinemas, and car dealerships spread out in large, flat buildings. These one–storey buildings and their parking lot took up a great deal space. Well– meaning farmers thought they were better off selling their land than growing crops. In ignorance, no one realized that once the land was built up in urban sprawl, the good farming land would be ruined forever. There was no way to preserve it.
Only in recent years have people come to mourn the old way of life as they have developed insight into the problems. Now people realize that urban sprawl has come with serious environmental problems. The negative aspects of sprawl include air and water pollution, loss of agricultural land, traffic jams, and the death of businesses in the old town centers. Many scholars think the time has come to analyze the problems better so we can develop appropriate policies to control further sprawl. Some think the best way to do is to educate citizens about their priceless environment.
小题1:What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A.Weekend Fun | B.Urban Sprawl | C.New Automobiles | D.Isolated Villages |
A.Scientists | B.Activists. | C.Farmers. | D.Malls |
A.Endangered animals. | B.Shopping mall owners. |
C.Unthinking shoppers. | D.Ambitious farmers. |
A.Understand the situations better. | B.Follow customary policies. |
C.Start school in shopping malls. | D.Charge polluters a lot of money. |
A.Respectful. | B.Negative. | C.Positive. | D.Doubtful. |
Smith, a sociologist, argued that dolphin parks provide the only opportunity for much of the public to see marine mammals. As this argument goes, most Australians live in cities and never get to see these animals. Marine parks allow the average Australian to appreciate our marine wildlife. However, in fact, there are many places where they can be seen in the wild. Moreover, these places do not charge an overpriced entry fee — they are free.
Dr. Alison Lane, the director of the Cairns Marine Science Institute, insists that we need marine parks for scientific research. She argues that much of our knowledge of marine mammals comes from studies which were undertaken at marine parks. The knowledge which is obtained at marine parks can be useful for planning for the preservation of marine mammal species. However, Jones, a zoologist, explains that park research is only useful for understanding captive animals and is not useful for learning about animals in the wild. Their diets are different, they have significantly lower life lengths and they are more likely to have a disease. In addition, marine mammals in dolphin parks are trained and this means that their patterns of social behaviour are changed.
The Marine Park Owners Association holds that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists. This position goes on to state that these tourists spend a lot of money, increasing our foreign exchange earnings and assisting our national balance of payments. However, foreign tourists would still come to Australia if the parks were closed down. Indeed, surveys of overseas tourists show that they come here for a variety of other reasons and not to visit places like Seaworld. Tourists come here to see our native wildlife in its natural environment and not to see it in cages and concrete pools. They can see animals in those conditions in their own countries.
In a word, perhaps an agreement cannot be reached now. However, a question does deserve our consideration: If we continue with our past crimes against these creatures, how will our future generations view us?
小题1:Who support(s) the idea of closing marine parks?
A.Most Australians. | B.Alison Lane. | C.Smith. | D.Jones. |
A.The results from studies are valuable in animal preservation. |
B.Scientific research at the marine parks has its limitations. |
C.Captive animals have biology changes in marine parks. |
D.Human behavior causes harmful effects on the animals. |
A.For entertainment purpose. | B.For scientific research purpose. |
C.For economic purpose. | D.For political purpose. |
A.pointing out the problems with keeping the marine parks |
B.using evidence he has collected at the marine parks |
C.discussing the advantages of animals" natural homes |
D.questioning the way the animals are studied |
Dowries—such as jewelry,clothes,cars and money—are traditionally given by the bride’s family to the groom and his parents to ensure she is taken care of in her new home.
The custom was outlawed more than five decades ago.But it is still widely practiced,with the groom’s family demanding even more money after marriage,leading to mental and physical annoyance that can drive the woman to suicide.
“The Angry Brides game is our way of throwing a spotlight on the nuisance(陋习) of dowry.” said Ram Bhamidi,senior vice president and head of online marketing for Shaadi.com,a matrimonial(婚姻的) website with two million members.
According to a 2007 study,there is a dowryrelated death every four hours in India;we condemn this and have consistently run campaigns on social media to help create awareness of the issue.
The name of the app,available on the group’s home page,is a spinoff from the globally popular “Angry Birds” game.Its home page shows a redclad,eightarmed woman resembling a powerful female Hindu goddess.Underneath,there is a caption,“A woman will give you strength,care and all the love you need NOT dowry!”
To play the game,users have to try and hit three dodging grooms—a pilot,a builder and a doctor.There are a variety of weapons to choose from,including a frying pan,broomstick,tomato and loafer.
Each groom has a price tag,starting at 1.5 million rupees($29,165).Every time the player hits a groom,his value decreases and money is added to the player’s AntiDowry Fund,which is saved posted on their Facebook page.
“Since we launched the game last week,more than 270,000 people have liked the app.Both men and women seem to be playing it,” said Bhamidi.
小题1:What caused “Angry Brides” to appear online?
A.Women’s rights being seriously abused. |
B.Anger at the practice of demanding dowries. |
C.The bride’s giving a great many dowries. |
D.The popularity of “Angry Birds” online. |
A.The custom of giving dowries has been in practice for five decades. |
B.Lack of abundant dowries may lead to the bride’s being in violence. |
C.The illegal practice of dowries is still popular in many African countries. |
D.More dowries the bride gives mean a high social status of her family. |
A.relation | B.connection |
C.copy | D.fake |
A.There are a variety of weapons to choose from. |
B.Ram Bhamidi thinks highly of the game. |
C.Men players don’t find the game enjoyable. |
D.The game character looks like a Hindu goddess. |
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
小题1:The main idea of this passage is
[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
小题2:What does the author think of society toward motorists?
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
小题3:Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
小题4:.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
[A] Build more highways.
Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
小题5:.The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
Vocabulary
1.immunise 使免疫,使免除
2.expectation of life =" life" expectancy 平均寿命
3.versus =" against" 对顶,反对
4.mutilate 伤害
5.wilful 任性的,固执的
6.benign 宽厚的,仁慈的
7.condone 宽容
8.desecrate 亵渎,玷污
9.code 法规,规定,惯例
10.stringent 严格的,紧急的,迫切的
11.performance 演出,成品,这里是指
car’ s behavior such as speed,
function etc.可译成行为,
汽车行为、功能等。
难句译注
1.Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【参考译文】人和汽车对抗!这是一场人类永远是输家的无休止的战斗。
2.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【参考译文】应当禁止所有强调力量和表现行为的广告。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“交通事故”,采用因果、对比手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起,触及事故率上升的原因,要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so idle (懒散的) that they’d catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain’s largest health center. The results were extremely surprising.
About one in six people questioned said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
This led the report to conclude that it’s no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school.
Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said, “People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently (明显地;显然) their pets too.”
“If we don’t start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most fundamental tasks.”
And Scotland’s largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most idle city in the UK, with 75% questioned admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
The results bring serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
小题1:How many people questioned don’t play with their children?
A.1280. | B.More than 333. | C.654. | D.About 420. |
A.the pets in the UK will be in trouble if their owners keep their way of life |
B.Glasgow people feel ashamed because they don’t get enough exercise |
C.British people are the laziest around the world |
D.five sixths of the British children are healthy |
A.By presenting the results of a study. |
B.By providing answers to questions. |
C.By interviewing some experts. |
D.By telling a story. |
A.A study of British people’s laziness. | B.A study of British people’s lifestyles. |
C.The health service in the UK. | D.The obesity problem in the UK. |
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