How soon will it be before robots become so intelligent that will be able to do things, such as teaching
languages or looking after patients in hospital? Some experts believe this will happen within twenty years
while others disagree.
One London company, UAS (Universal Automated Systems) has already developed machines that can be used as "home helps" for old people unable to look after themselves and who are living on their own or
in special homes.These machines can now do such things as cooking eggs and cleaning the floor, and the
company says that future models still accept simple voice instructions and be controlled by a " brain" that is the equivalent(当量) of the latest IBM microcomputer. The director of USA, Mr Henry Jeffries, believes
that in the next five to ten years companies will have developed even more sophisticated(复杂的) robots
for use in industry. By this time, it is likely that they will also have begun to sell new forms of these
machines into ordinary homes. Robots could do a wide range of household tasks, such as preparing meals, washing dishes, cleaning the house and so on. By then, the price of such machines may have come down to as little as $1 000.
But Dr Sandra Lomax, who has done research into artificial(人工的) intelligence at Sussex University
and MIT ( Massachusetts Institute of Technology) believes we have a long way to go before we can
develop truly intelligent machines,
"Preparing an omelette (煎蛋) may seem easy enough. But suppose one of the eggs has gone bad,
even the most "intelligent" robot would probably still use it. If something slightly unusual needs
doing-something that requires even a little bit of ordinary human imagination, a robot is useless. They need programming for even the simplest of tasks and are not able to leam from experience. And teaching a
robot how to recognize a bad egg is far more difficult than teaching it to prepare the omelette the egg goes
into," she says.
B. How to Make Robots
C. Robots More Clever Than Man
D.The Robots and People
B.a robot will soon be able to do unusual house- work people can"t do
C. we can programme a robot to learn from experience
D. making an omelette is easier for a robot than recognizing a bad egg
hospital.
B. Dr Sandra Lomax believes there are very great problems in developing intelligent robots.
C. Robots have taken an important part in people"s daily life.
D. Such machines are already being sold into ordinary homes.
B. can help old people do certain jobs in the house
C.is controlled by microcomputer "brain"
D. can accept simple voice instructions
B. cost much less than $1 000
C. be used more in ordinary homes than in industry
D. do more housework
can power a network ofsensors(传感器)to prevent spreading forest fires.
What they learn could also raise the possibility of usingtrees as silent guards along the
nation"s borders to discoverpotential threatssuchassmuggled (走私的 ) radioactivematerials.
The U. S. Forest Service currently predicts and tracksfires with a variety of tools,
including remotc automatcdweather stations. But these stations arc expcnsive andsparsely
(稀疏地) distributed. Additionalsensors could savetrees by providing better local climate
data to be used in fireprediction models and earlier warnings. However,rechargingor
replacing batteries by hand at very hard-to-reach locationsmakes it impractical and costly.
The new sensor system seeks to avoid this problem bydeveloping trees into a
self-sustaining power supply. Eachsensor is equipped with a battery that can be slowly
recharged using electricity produced by the tree. "A singletree doesn"t generate a lot of
power, but over time thetrickle (细流 ) chargeaddsup, justlike "-", saidShuguang Zhang,
one of the researchers on the project andthe associate director of the MIT" s Center for
Biomedica}Engineering( CBE). "
The system produces enough electricity to allow the temperature and humidity sensors
to wirelessly send outsignals four times a day,or immediately if there"s a fire.Each signal
spreads from one sensor to another, until itreaches an existing weather station that sends
the data bysatellite to a forestry command center in Boise,Idaho. Scientists have long
known that trees can produceextremely small amounts of electricity. But no one knew
exactly how the energy was produced or how to takeadvantage of the power.
a. They cost too much.
b. They are of poor quality.
c. They are not enough.
d. They can"t reach remote places.
B. b,d
C. a,c
D. b,c
A. Far water does not put out near fire.
B. All rivers run into sea.
C. Many a little makes a miracle.
D. It never rains but it pours.
B. Trees can produce electricity
C. Tree power in daily life
D. Developing new energy
There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just
as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has
something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For
people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further,
students might be helped by a course that considers the computer"s impact on society. But
that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy
(读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.
Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct
activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free
themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought
to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a
career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people
who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.
Learning how to use a computer is not that difficu1t, and it gets easier all the time as
programs become more "user-friendly". Let us assume that in the future everyone is
going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the
phrase "learning to use a computer" mean? It sounds like "learning to drive a car", that is,
it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a
computer.
In fact, "learning to use a computer" is much more like "learning to play a game", but
learning the rules of one game may not he1p you play a second game, whose rules may
not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer.
One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.
B. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do
C. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car.
B. our society needs experts in different fields
C. violin-making requires as much skill as computer programming
D. people who can use a computer don"t necessarily have to know computer programming
B. programs are designed to be convenient to users
C. programming is becoming easier and easier
D. programs are becoming readily available to computer users
B. the fundamentals of computer science
C. specific programs
D. general principles of programming
B. to explain the concept of computer literacy
C. to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow
D. to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job.
scientists: the feathered navigators follow the roads just like we do.
Scientists now believe the phrase "as the crow (乌鸦) flies" no longer means the shortest most
direct route between two points. They say it is likely that crows and other day birds also choose
AA-suggested routes, even though it makes their journeys longer.
Scientists at Oxford University spent 10 years studying homing pigeons using global positioning
satellite (GPS) and got a surprising result. The birds often don"t use the sun to decide their directions.
Instead they fly along motorways, turn at crossing and even go around roundabouts (绕道) , adding
miles to their journeys.
"It really has knocked our research team sideways to find that after a decade-long international
study, pigeons appear to ignore their inbuilt directional instincts (本能) and follow the road system,"
said Prof Tim Guilford, reader in animal behavior at Oxford University"s Department of Zoology.
Guilford said pigeons use their own navigational system (导航系统) when doing long distance trips
or when a bird does a journey for the first time.
"But once homing pigeons have flown a journey more than once, they can fly home on a habitual
route, much as we do when we are driving or walking home from work," said Guilford.
"In short, it looks like it is mentally easier for a bird to fly down a road. They are just making their
journey as simpl e as possible."
B. Why Pigeons Can Fly long Distance?
C. How Pigeons Find Their Ways Home?
D. Why Crows Fly the Shortest Distance?
B. The crows.
C. Day birds.
D. Animals that can fly.
B. by the sun
C. by the road system
D. by following other birds
B. Because their own navigational system doesn"t work.
C. Because it is too hard to use their own navigational system.
D. Because it is easier to make journey simple by following road system.
flesh and blood but also of time. They were
__1__ to show that we all have 6"a body clock" 2__ us. which controls the 3_ and fall of our
body energies, 4_ us different from one day to the next.
The 5 _ 0f "a body clock" should not be too 6 _ since the lives of most living things are controlled
7 the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. We feel 8 and fall asleep at night and become 9__ and
energetic during the day.lf the
24-hour-cycle is _10 , most people experience unpleasant 11 .For example, people who are not 12
to working at night can find that 13__ of sleep causes them to 14 _ badly at work.
15 the daily cycle of sleeping and 16 , we also have other cycles which 17 longer than one day.
Most of us would 18 that we feel good on some days and not so good on 19 ; sometimes our ideas
seem to flow and at other times, they _20__ do not exist.
( ) 2. A.inside
( ) 3. A. movement
( ) 4 A. showing
( ) 5. A. invention
( ) 6. A. difficult
( ) 7. A. from
( ) 8. A. dull
( ) 9. A. regular
( )10. A. disturbed
( )11. A. moments
( )12. A. prevented
( )13. A. miss
( )14. A. perform
( )15. A. With
( )16. A. working
( )17. A. repeat
( )18. A. agree
( )19. A. other
( )20. A.just
B. around
B. supply
B. treating
B. opinion
B. exciting
B. by
B. tired
B. excited
B. shortened
B. feelings
B. allowed
B. none
B. show
B. As well as
B. moving
B. remain
B. believe
B. the other
B. only
C. between
C. use
C. making
C. story
C. surprising
C. over
C. dreamy
C. lively
C. rested
C. senses
C. expected
C. lack
C. manage
C. Except
C.living
C. last
C. realize
C. all other
C. still
D. on
D. rise
D. changing
D. idea
D. interesting
D. During
D. peaceful
D. clear
D. troubled
D. effects
D. used
D. need
D. control
D. Rather than
D. waking
D. happen
D. allow
D. others
D. yet
To learn with your classmates is important in learning process.
At the b________I thought that learning was
none of others" business.I kept telling myself the truth
________the harder you study, the better grade
you get.________(遗憾), the truth seemed no
truth to me.It doesn"t w________ on all exams of
mine.No matter how hard I worked, I still
________(不及格). Each time I didn"t pass the
exam, I thought I hadn"t studied hard e________for
it.The situation didn"t look up________my
teacher suggested I should learn with my classmates.One day I
came a________a difficult problem.Keeping my
teacher"s advice in________, I turned to one of my
classmates for help and solved it________(顺利).
- 1下列对“摩尔(mol)”的叙述不正确的( )A.摩尔是一个物理量B.摩尔是一个单位,用于计量物质所含微观粒子的多少C.
- 2如图所示的网格图中,每小格都是边长为1的正方形,△ABC的三个顶点都在格点上,在建立直角坐标系后,点C的坐标(-1,2)
- 3先化简再求值:(x+1)(x-1)-3(x+1)(x+3)+2(x+2)2,其中x=12.
- 4该图为我国某区域地形剖面及相关气候资料图,读图完成问题。小题1:图中①②③三条曲线分别代表( )A.年降水量、七月均温
- 5鉴别CO2、O2、空气三瓶气体时,最简便且可行的方法是[ ]A.用燃着的木条分别伸入集气瓶中B.分别加入石灰水并
- 6如图,半径为2的圆内有两条圆弧,一质点M自点A开始沿弧A-B-C-O-A-D-C做匀速运动,则其在水平方向(向右为正)的
- 7文言文阅读。童趣 余忆童稚时,能张目对日,明察秋毫,见藐小之物必细察其纹理,故时有物外之趣。 夏蚊成雷,私拟作群鹤舞
- 8以下能正确表示植物组织培养顺序的是( )①形成愈伤组织 ②接种组织或细胞 ③发育为新植物体 ④分化成幼苗
- 9已知:(x+2)2+=0,求2(xy2+x2y)-[2xy2-3(1-x2y)]-2的值。
- 102010年3月1日下午,山东省政府召开电视动员会议.全面启动“观世博、游山东”活动。会议要求,各级政府要深刻认识活动对拉
- 1阅读以下材料:材料一:右图为杰里•本特利等《新全球史》中有关经济全球化的一幅漫画《平衡的世界经济?》。(1)结合所学知识
- 2(9分,每小题3分) 阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。教育部日前就《通用规范汉字表》(征求意见稿)公开征求意见,对“琴”、
- 3在目前现有技术条件下,还不能将从动物体内分离出来的成熟的体细胞直接培养成一个新个体,而是必须将体细胞的细胞核移植到去核的
- 4The word “cool” has expanded to _________ many different mea
- 5【题文】设函数f(x)=,若f(x0)>1,则x0的取值范围为( )A.(-,-1)∪(1,+)B.(-,-1)
- 6某学生为了使一杯浑浊的食盐水变成澄清透明,利用了如图所示的装置进行过滤.(1)指出有标号仪器的名称:①______②__
- 7补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(10分)(1)见贤思齐焉,____________________________。(
- 8用托盘天平称量一约为100克铁块的质量实验步骤为:A.把铁块放在天平的右盘内;B.把天平放在水平桌面上;C.在天平右盘内
- 9材料:2009年以来,杭州、上海、河南等地接连发生超速、超载、酒后驾车撞人致死的恶性交通事故。结合材料,回答下列问题:(
- 10过原点作曲线y=1nx的切线,则切线方程为______.