题目
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Early Childhood Education
Early childhood education is the formal (正规的) teaching and care of young children .It primarily
focuses on learning through playing to encourage the child"s different kinds of development. 1
Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there
are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children"s
learning and development. Compared to a child who does not attend pre-school, children completing
their early education programs are found to be better at math and reading skills. They are excited to learn
and have the tools to do so. 2 These children are more competent in their pre-school, kindergarten
and school-age years, and they are usually reported as "friendlier" by parents and the children"s peers
(同伴).
3 In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were
employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity.
What"s more, some studies show that children attending pre-school are more likely to graduate and have
higher education, and be well integrated (综合) as an adult.
Early childhood education gives most children a jump-start on education for their kindergarten and
primary school years. It is clear that early childhood education can have some great benefits for children.
4 If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for
allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. Also important
is considering a child"s own personality. 5
A. The long-term influence of early education is significant as well.
B. They can benefit greatly from encouragement in their early childhood.
C. Yet its quality must be assessed to see what kind of benefits it actually provides.
D. They are also able to relate to others in a superior way and that improves their social skills.
E. Many experts of education have concerned about what early childhood education means today.
F. Individual differences in children mean that not all children will get equal benefits from early
childhood education.
G. It consists of activities that serve children in the pre-school years and is designed to improve
later school performance.
答案
核心考点
举一反三
The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are
caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly
or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect
the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have
reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside
world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet,
showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集
中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold
Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the
discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing
suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.
Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the
volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the
winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation
offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times,
and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as
aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
1. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3
2. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
4. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot
B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds
D. became very strong
5. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds
D. the continued spread of common colds
"physiological (生理的) age".
Researchers studying genes believe they can now tell exact physiological age by looking at a
number of clues in DNA. They don"t have to ask people how they feel or look at their appearance.
The breakthrough could solve the mystery of why some 70-year-olds function at the level of those
in their 50s, while others become weak sooner than you would think.
The researchers made the breakthrough by finding the "biomarkers" of aging in tiny worms.
The worms they studied had an average lifespan (寿命) of three weeks. Like humans, some remain
lively much longer than other similarly-aged worms, while others show signs of premature aging.
By genetically profiling (基因识别) 104 different worms at various ages, the researchers found a
group of genes that are involved in the aging process.
"This is a first step; our results were not perfect, but we were able to predict the ages of the animals
70 percent of the time, which is far better than anything that has been done before," said Simon Melov,
the lead researcher at Buck Institute for Age Research in California.
Now they want to extend their studies to mice and eventually humans.
"I am confident that at some point there will be a non-subjective method of determining how old
someone is with a high level of confidence," said Melov.
The speed at which people age depends on a number of things including genetic inheritance (遗传),
lifestyle and mental health.
Determining chronological (按时间顺序的) age in both worms and humans is easy - count forward
from birth. But determining physiological age has remained subjective ? based on how someone looks
or functions.
The findings have major implications for age research in humans. Examining biomarkers over time
would provide a scientific basis for anti-aging medicines. The technology would also provide a means
of determining whether a person is aging faster or slower than people would normally think.
1. How can researchers tell one"s exact physiological age?
A. By looking at their appearance.
B. By asking people how they feel.
C. By looking at a number of clues in DNA.
D. By finding the "biomarkers" of aging in tiny worms.
2. What did the researchers base their survey on as their first breakthrough?
A. Humans.
B. Worms.
C. Mice.
D. Lifespan.
3. The researchers found__________.
A. some 70-year-olds function become weak sooner than expected.
B. anyone was as old as he was feeling.
C. a group of genes were involved in the aging process.
D. the speed at which people age only depends on their genetic inheritance.
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Genetically profiling
B. Find your true age
C. Worms and humans
D. Research in humans
When American inventor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution
in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances. Over the last
two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone.
The mobile phone is like a two-way radio. But the two-way radio is a limited means of
communication. As soon as the users move out of range of each other"s broadcast area, the signal is lost
. In the 1940s, researchers experimented with the idea of using a number of radio masts (无线电杆) to
pick up signals from two-way radios. A caller would always be within range of one of the masts. When
he or she moved too far away from one mast, the next mast would pick up the signal. (Scientists referred
to each mast"s reception area as being a "cell". This is why in many countries mobile phones are called
"cellphones".)
However, 1940s" technology was just at the beginning. The "mobile phones" were huge boxes. They
had to be moved by car.
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper. As soon as his invention
was complete, he tested it by calling a rival (竞争对手) scientist to announce his success. Within a
decade, mobile phones became available to the public.
They have changed the way we do a lot of things. One powerful feature is: the short message service
(SMS) or text message. It"s the perfect communication method for the busy modern lifestyle. The text
message has changed the way we write in English. The language construction became more lax (松散
的). Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important.
Over the last few years mobiles have become more and more advanced. We have seen the
introduction of cameras, global positioning system and Internet access.
Alexander Graham Bell would be surprised if he could see how far the science of the telephone has
developed in less than 150 years. If he were around today, he might say: """That"s gr8! But I"m v busy
rite now. Will call U 2nite."
1. The article is intended to_______.
A. warn people of the possible risks in using mobile phones
B. predict the applications of mobile phones
C. convince people of the uses of mobile phones
D. inform readers of the history and benefits of mobile phones
2. What"s the CORRECT time order about the development of communication?
a. the telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell
b. "mobile phones" with very large boxes
c. mobile telephone call made by Dr Martin Cooper
d. mobiles with cameras, GPS and Internet access
A. a, c, b, d
B. b, a,, c, d
C. a, b, c, d
D. a, c, d, b
3.The last sentence of the whole passage ""That"s gr8! But I"m v busy rite now. Will call U 2nite."
May probably means________.
A. It"s eight now. I"m very busy. (I) Will call you tonight
B. That"s great! But I"m very busy right now. (I) Will call you tonight
C. That"s great! But I"m busy writing now. (I) Will call you at two tonight
D. "8" is great! But I"m very busy right now. (I) Will call it "U" to night
4.What do you think of the author according to the last paragraph?
A. Worried.
B. Ironic.
C. Kind.
D. Humorous.
Being organized is an important skill for school and life. When you"re well organized, you can stay
focused, instead of spending time hunting things down. 1 For schoolwork, it means having one
notebook or place where you store all your assignments, so you know what you have to do and when.
Keeping labeled folders(贴有标签的文件夹) for handouts(课堂讲义)and keeping all your
schoolwork neat and in a specific place-these are the main parts of organization.
For home stuff, being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you
go. 2 It means keeping your schoolbag, your shoes, and your clean underwear in the same places so
you always know where to find them.
Planning is part of being organized, too. 3 Calendars, lists, and schedules can help you plan. You
can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace. Making a schedule or "to-do" list for
yourself is a good idea. Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do. 4 Check
off things when you"ve done them. Use your list to help you decide which thing is most important to
work on first.
5 But once you"re organized, it feels great. The less time you spend hunting around for things or
panicking about homework, the more time you have for better things, like reading a good book or
playing.
A. Add new things as you get assignments.
B. First, you should get your schoolwork organized.
C. It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair
D. It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff.
E. Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.
F. You will benefit a lot from a good habit.
G. What does it mean to be organized?
classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday.
The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese
researchers.
The investigation surveyed 2,191 pupils aged nine to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang,
a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China.
Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried "a lot" about exams, 63 percent feared being
punished by their teacher, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes - with boys likelier
to be victims than girls - and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents.
Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were
assigned.
Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains - psychosomatic symptoms of stress - at least
once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week.
The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre
for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in China"s
education system, from the onset of primary school.
"The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and
psychosomatic symptoms," the authors say.
"Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently."
The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British
Medical Association (BMA).
The "urban" setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the "rural"
setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province.
The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic
excellence and intolerance of failure.
One factor is the country"s dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created "previously unheard-off
possibilities for upward mobility" and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school.
Other reasons are China"s one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and
elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline.
"The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now
invested in their only children," it says.
Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from
Scandinavia.
A 2008 assessment among 10- to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys of 30
percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced
abdominal pain at least once per week.
1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health?
A. Competitiveness in education system
B. Classroom stress and parental pressure
C. Physical punishment from their parents
D. Endless homework from school teachers
2. The underlined part "cope with" in Para.5 most probably means ______.
A. to fit in
B. to adapt to
C. to deal with
D. to get along with
3. From Paragraph 4, we know what the schoolchildren worry most is _______.
A. bullying behavior at school
B. many examinations at school
C. physical punishment by parents
D. physical punishment by teachers
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon
B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools
C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren
D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Children in China sickened by school pressure
B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children
C. The investigation, led by University College London
D. Extreme competitiveness in China"s education system
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