题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
All the babies died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation (剥夺,丧失). What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the ability to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such extreme deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to signals of the baby, whose brain is programmed, to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems when children learn more rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
Recent evidence suggests that a baby is born with the ability to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy bear with the sound pattern “teddy bear”.
But speech has to be developed, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals reduces the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal (非语言的) signals is basic to the growth and development of language.
小题1:Frederick’s experiment was extreme because _________.
A.he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak |
B.he wanted his nurses to say another language |
C.he was unkind to the nurses |
D.he ignored the importance of mothering to the babies |
A.they do not listen carefully to their mothers |
B.their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak |
C.their brain has to absorb too much language at once |
D.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them |
A.difficult periods in the child’s life |
B.moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother |
C.important stages in the child’s development |
D.times when mothers often neglect their children |
A.have a high IQ | B.be less intelligent |
C.not necessarily be backward | D.be insensitive to verbal signals |
A.the child will be able to speak properly |
B.the child will continue to give out signals |
C.the child will invent a language of own |
D.the child will make little effort to speak |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:D
解析
试题分析:本文介绍了母亲在孩子的语言学习中的重要作用,如果没有了母亲的存在和对孩子的教育,孩子在学习语言方面可能就会存在着很多的困难。
小题1:D 细节题。根据文章第一段Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.可知他忽视了对孩子来说母亲照顾的重要性。故D正确。
小题2:B 推理题。根据文章第二段5,6,7行. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to signals of the baby, whose brain is programmed, to mop up language rapidly.可知主要原因就是因为母亲对孩子的回应不够敏感导致了这种情况的出现。故B正确。
小题3:C 推理题。根据本句There are critical times, it seems when children learn more rapidly.可知照顾时间就是孩子学习最为迅速的时间,也是对孩子来说最重要的时间。故C正确。
小题4:C 推理题。根据文章倒数第三段there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.可知有一些例子来说明那些开始的比较晚的人最后也可能有很高的智商,说明C项内容正确。
小题5:D 推理题。根据文章倒数第四段最后If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.可知如果如果母亲对孩子的回应不够,孩子学习知识可能就会变的困难。故D正确。
点评:本文介绍了母亲在孩子的语言学习中的重要作用,如果没有了母亲的存在和对孩子的教育,孩子在学习语言方面可能就会存在着很多的困难。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
核心考点
试题【Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the extreme experiment 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Although it has long been accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan, it is also a fact that certain other organisms, such as reptiles and amphibians, appear to live indefinitely. The only reason we do not see 500-year-old alligators is because in the wild their lives are always in danger, from man, from pollution and from other animals. When they are kept in zoos they do not seem to age at all after they are fully grown. The same is true of some species of fish, which grow indefinitely and show no signs of ageing. The existence of animals with no fixed lifespan seems to indicate that an age gene really does exist. It is this gene which scientists are searching for, which may delay or repair damage to the body caused by ageing.
Another new area of research involves the oxidation(氧化) theory, which says that ageing is caused by the same process that makes iron rust. In controlled experiments, the lifespans of certain animals were shown to be lengthened with anti-oxidants; for example, the lifespan of mice can be increased by 30%. Antioxidants are already being used in face creams and other cosmetics, and they are likely to play an important part in keeping people physically young.
Perhaps the most immediate advance we are likely to see in the battle to halt(停止)the ageing process will be organ replacement. By the year 2020 it is likely that we will be replacing injured bones or even organs like livers and kidneys with ones “grown” in laboratories. By 2050 perhaps every organ in the body, except the brain, will have become commercially available. Recent experiments also show that it may one day be possible to “grow” new organs inside our body to replace worn-out ones, something which lizards and alligators already do.
Suddenly immortality(不死,不朽) seems within reach. We can begin to imagine a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die. But do we really want to live forever?
小题1: When all humans reach a certain age, .
A.they suffer the effects of their diet and lifestyle |
B.the organs stop to perform appropriately |
C.their cells continue to renew themselves |
D.they develop arthritis and Alzheimer’s |
A.alligators are in danger in the wild because of the threat from man, pollution and other animals |
B.it is widely accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan |
C.there exists an age gene which may control ageing |
D.the age gene damages the body |
A.live for a period of time without a fixed end |
B.live without a clear aim |
C.live in an uncertain way |
D.live without being fully grown |
A.by 2050 we might have most of our worn-out organs replaced with new ones commercially |
B.never can the ageing process be avoided |
C.livers and kidneys are sure to be grown in laboratories by the year 2020 |
D.lizards and alligators grow new organs inside their body to replace worn-out ones |
A.DNA researches show how our cells renew themselves. |
B.Anti-oxidants are likely to play an important part in keeping people young. |
C.How our biological clock works? |
D.Eternal(永恒的) youth: new developments in anti-ageing research. |
A.a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die is on its way |
B.he is uncertain whether we can live forever |
C.it remains to be seen whether immortality is a blessing or a curse |
D.immortality is no longer a dream |
It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”
But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs(削弱)their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.
When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the decision might focus on the increase in salary more than the longer commute(上下班往返).
The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.
Stress also increases the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more willing to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的). Previous research backs this up — men usually react to difficulties while trying to fight them or escape them; women try to find friends and improve their relationships.
小题1:By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that .
A.you might want to delay making your big decision |
B.you should save the presentation for later |
C.you should avoid taking risks |
D.you might benefit from the stress |
A.often leads people to take more risks |
B.often leads people to make balanced decisions |
C.makes people think more of negative results |
D.makes people ignore the negative side of problems |
A.Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions. |
B.People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed. |
C.When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks. |
D.When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction. |
A.Stress can affect decision-making. |
B.Stress increases our desire to get rewards. |
C.We should think more about the upside of problems. |
D.There is a link between stress and negative experiences. |
Whales are not fishes but mammals (哺乳动物). Their body temperature stays the same, and does not change with the temperature of their environment. They breathe air, so they have to come out of the water to get oxygen. Thus, they cannot afford to fall into a sleeping state for too long, since they need to be awake in order to breathe. It is thought that only half of their brains sleep at a time, so that whales are never completely asleep. Females give birth to the young. They have hair. Although they are not covered in hair or fur like many mammals, whales have some bristles (胡子), usually on their heads.
Whales are highly social animals with complex languages and intelligence. They communicate with each other using romantic sounds, called “whale songs”. Being so large and powerful, these sounds are also loud.
Whales are endangered as a result of whaling (捕鲸) from the eleventh century to the twentieth. It has attracted the attention of environmentalists and some measures (措施) have been taken to protect whales.
小题1:How many aspects show that whales are mammals?
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.whales can breathe in the water |
B.if a whale sleeps too long, it will get drowned |
C.in order to breathe, whales never sleep |
D.whales give birth to the young on the land |
A.By body language. | B.By speaking languages. |
C.By making song-like sounds. | D.By giving off a smell. |
A.Whales are cold-blooded mammals like fishes. |
B.Whales are hunted for food by people. |
C.Whales are very harmful to human beings. |
D.Whales are in danger because of being killed by people. |
What most of us looked at as waste was converted to a thing of utility by Prithwis Mukhopadlyay, a 14-year-old prodigy. This Bengali boy, nourished in the US, Lake Junior High in Woodbury, Minnesota, has come up with an idea to convert banana peels to biogas.(生物气).
It"s well known that almost any organic waste can be converted to biogas. But why biogas from banana peel has hit the news is because it produced five times as much biogas as manure(粪), a commonly used source for producing biogas, in the experiments Prithwis conducted.
He filled two airtight containers, one with manure and the other with banana peels. Then he mixed each content with water and connected them to empty jars via pipes to collect the gas produced. He placed a heater next to each jar and measured the gas collected for 60 days. His studies proved that banana peels produced five times more biogas than manure.
This project titled "Comparison analysis: Eco-friendly source of energy for the future," earned him a spot in Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge. This weekend, the young whiz is to showcase his research work along with 40 other finalists at Washington. "Initially, I thought of doing a project that would reduce global warming. Things changed after I visited a biogas plant in a village in India during my summer vacations. It was an amazing experience," Prithwis says.
小题1:Why could Prithwis"s finding receive the attention of the media?
A.Because he is a prodigy. |
B.Because he is of Bengali descent. |
C.Because he used an extremely rare organic waste to produce biogas. |
D.Because his research proved that banana peels can produce more biogas. |
A.Lake Junior High. B Discovery Channel.
C. India. D.His laboratory at home.
小题3:This article probably appeared in a _________ magazine.
A.gourmet | B.science | C.computer | D.fashion |
The positive side of plastic bags
Grocery stores, shopping centres, and restaurants are not thrifty in using and giving out plastic bags because they cost no more than a cent each, while a paper bag costs four cents. Plastic bags are produced so cheaply and massively(大量地)that they are used by 80% of store owners. In addition, they are light and very easy to carry and store.
The production of plastic bags has increased greatly over the last 20 years and producers of plastic bags are making large profits. However, the negative side of plastic bags is becoming well-known. More people are now getting worried that the earth is becoming a victim of the plastic bag success story.
The negative side of plastic bags
While production and consumption(消费)of plastic bags is good for business, it is not so for our Mother Earth. They have resulted in an increase in the amount of litter found floating in water or in the streets where we live.
Plastic storage bags, after usage, usually go to landfills(垃圾填埋地)as trash bags. They make the oceans poison sea animals. They give off toxins(毒素)when burned. They simply pollute the ground, air and water.
That is the true cost of plastic bags, and it looks like it is more than a cent. These are very alarming concerns and proper action needs to be taken.
小题1:According to Paragraph 3, plastic bag producers ________.
A.are now worried that the earth will become a victim of plastic bags |
B.don’t think they have done enough to popularize plastic bags |
C.have not realized the harm of plastic bags |
D.have succeeded in popularizing the use of plastic bags |
A.plastic bags harm the earth severely |
B.most plastic bags are not made use of |
C.the prices of plastic bags are reasonable |
D.plastic bags are the leading polluter on the earth |
A.How plastic bags are produced. |
B.How plastic bags are used. |
C.How to popularize the use of paper bags. |
D.How to solve the problems caused by plastic bags. |
最新试题
- 1实验室欲配制一种仅含有四种离子(不考虑来源水电离的离子)的溶液,且溶液中四种离子的浓度均相等,能达到此目的是( )A.
- 22010年5月,发生在南方的洪涝灾害牵动了全国人民的心,也引起了人们对水利工程的关注。战国时期,秦国修建的闻名世界的防洪
- 3谢亭送别 许浑劳歌①一曲解行舟,红叶青山水急流。日暮酒醒人已远,满天风雨下西楼。【注】①劳歌:送别歌。小题1:下面关于
- 4(1)解不等式组5x-6≤2(x+3)14x-1<x-33(2)解方程:6x+1=x+5x(x+1)
- 5阅读材料回答问题。材料一 港澳台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定,同内地交流合作提高到新水平。推动两岸关系实现重大
- 6对下列句子句式特点的解释不正确的一项( )A.然而不亡者,未之有也。(宾语前置)B.句读之不知,惑之不解(定语后置)C
- 7金刚石、石墨、C60都是由碳元素组成的单质,关于它们的说法正确的是(______ )A、都是黑色固体 B、是同一种
- 8我国家庭照明电路的电压是 __________ V;如图所示,用测电笔辨别火线和零线的两种使用方法中,正确的是 ____
- 9河堤横断面如图所示,堤高BC=5米,迎水坡AB的长为8米,求斜坡AB与水平面所夹的锐角度数。
- 10过双曲线x2a2-y2b2=1(a,b>0)的右焦点F2向其一条渐近线作垂线l,垂足为P,l与另一条渐近线交于Q点,若Q
热门考点
- 1在探究“杠杆平衡条件”的实验中: (1)某同学将杠杆悬挂起来,发现杠杆的右端低,左端高,他应该将杠杆两端的平衡螺母向__
- 2某班同学对人群中双眼皮和单眼皮的遗传情况进行抽样调查,得到以下数据:(12分)(1)根据表中第__ 组数据可以推测单眼皮
- 3历经27天的航行,中远集团“永盛”号货轮于当地时间2013年9月10日15时停靠在荷兰鹿特丹港,成为经过北极东北航道(如
- 4水稻种植业也称季风水田农业,主要分布在亚洲季风区,故水稻被称为“亚洲的粮食”。下图为“世界水稻生产投入三角坐标图”,其中
- 5某工厂欲用2%的稀硫酸测定本厂排放的废水中氢氧化钾的含量(废水中的其他物质不与稀硫酸反应)。试计算:向盛有20 g废水的
- 619世纪晚期,世界上最大的资本输出国是( )A.英国B.法国C.美国D.德国
- 7梭伦改革后,掌握雅典国家权力的最重要机构有①公民大会②元老院③陪审法庭④五百人会议[ ]A.①②③ B.
- 8甲骑自行车、乙骑摩托车沿相同路线由A地到B地,行驶过程中路程与时间的函数关系的图象如图,根据图象解决下列问题: (1)谁
- 9从爱护环境,保护生物圈的角度出发,我们每个人应该怎样做?
- 10“去上访,不如打市长热线。”在许多反映问题的市民中,已经形成了这样的共识。2012年,安徽巢湖市长热线共接听电话1560