题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”
But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs(削弱)their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.
When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the decision might focus on the increase in salary more than the longer commute(上下班往返).
The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.
Stress also increases the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more willing to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的). Previous research backs this up — men usually react to difficulties while trying to fight them or escape them; women try to find friends and improve their relationships.
小题1:By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that .
A.you might want to delay making your big decision |
B.you should save the presentation for later |
C.you should avoid taking risks |
D.you might benefit from the stress |
A.often leads people to take more risks |
B.often leads people to make balanced decisions |
C.makes people think more of negative results |
D.makes people ignore the negative side of problems |
A.Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions. |
B.People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed. |
C.When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks. |
D.When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction. |
A.Stress can affect decision-making. |
B.Stress increases our desire to get rewards. |
C.We should think more about the upside of problems. |
D.There is a link between stress and negative experiences. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:这篇文章主要讲了压力影响人的决定。
小题1:根据Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward. However, an article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests stressed people pay more attention to the positive sides of a possible outcome.故选A。
小题2:根据When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems.故答案应为D。
小题3:根据when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的),故选C。
小题4:通过全文以及Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward,故选A。
点评:本题型考查了对文章段落或某一板块的理解概括能力。先阅读问题,然后带着问题,再读全文,找出答题所需要的依据,完成阅读。在词义与句义理解的基础上,结合上下文总结归纳某一段或几段的大意,对于把握文章主旨,分析全文结构都是至关重要的。纵观历年高考试题,阅读理解试题一般有以下几种题型:一是直接回答who, whom, which, what, where, when, why, how等疑问词引起的细节问题;二是猜测词义题;三是推理判断题;四是综合概括题。在做阅读理解题时,一定要仔细看完,看清楚试题要求再作答,特别要注意NOT,TRUE,EXCEPT等词。有时,要先看题,后阅读文章,带着问题去读短文,可缩短阅读时间,效果也许会更好。
核心考点
试题【Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentati】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Whales are not fishes but mammals (哺乳动物). Their body temperature stays the same, and does not change with the temperature of their environment. They breathe air, so they have to come out of the water to get oxygen. Thus, they cannot afford to fall into a sleeping state for too long, since they need to be awake in order to breathe. It is thought that only half of their brains sleep at a time, so that whales are never completely asleep. Females give birth to the young. They have hair. Although they are not covered in hair or fur like many mammals, whales have some bristles (胡子), usually on their heads.
Whales are highly social animals with complex languages and intelligence. They communicate with each other using romantic sounds, called “whale songs”. Being so large and powerful, these sounds are also loud.
Whales are endangered as a result of whaling (捕鲸) from the eleventh century to the twentieth. It has attracted the attention of environmentalists and some measures (措施) have been taken to protect whales.
小题1:How many aspects show that whales are mammals?
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.whales can breathe in the water |
B.if a whale sleeps too long, it will get drowned |
C.in order to breathe, whales never sleep |
D.whales give birth to the young on the land |
A.By body language. | B.By speaking languages. |
C.By making song-like sounds. | D.By giving off a smell. |
A.Whales are cold-blooded mammals like fishes. |
B.Whales are hunted for food by people. |
C.Whales are very harmful to human beings. |
D.Whales are in danger because of being killed by people. |
What most of us looked at as waste was converted to a thing of utility by Prithwis Mukhopadlyay, a 14-year-old prodigy. This Bengali boy, nourished in the US, Lake Junior High in Woodbury, Minnesota, has come up with an idea to convert banana peels to biogas.(生物气).
It"s well known that almost any organic waste can be converted to biogas. But why biogas from banana peel has hit the news is because it produced five times as much biogas as manure(粪), a commonly used source for producing biogas, in the experiments Prithwis conducted.
He filled two airtight containers, one with manure and the other with banana peels. Then he mixed each content with water and connected them to empty jars via pipes to collect the gas produced. He placed a heater next to each jar and measured the gas collected for 60 days. His studies proved that banana peels produced five times more biogas than manure.
This project titled "Comparison analysis: Eco-friendly source of energy for the future," earned him a spot in Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge. This weekend, the young whiz is to showcase his research work along with 40 other finalists at Washington. "Initially, I thought of doing a project that would reduce global warming. Things changed after I visited a biogas plant in a village in India during my summer vacations. It was an amazing experience," Prithwis says.
小题1:Why could Prithwis"s finding receive the attention of the media?
A.Because he is a prodigy. |
B.Because he is of Bengali descent. |
C.Because he used an extremely rare organic waste to produce biogas. |
D.Because his research proved that banana peels can produce more biogas. |
A.Lake Junior High. B Discovery Channel.
C. India. D.His laboratory at home.
小题3:This article probably appeared in a _________ magazine.
A.gourmet | B.science | C.computer | D.fashion |
The positive side of plastic bags
Grocery stores, shopping centres, and restaurants are not thrifty in using and giving out plastic bags because they cost no more than a cent each, while a paper bag costs four cents. Plastic bags are produced so cheaply and massively(大量地)that they are used by 80% of store owners. In addition, they are light and very easy to carry and store.
The production of plastic bags has increased greatly over the last 20 years and producers of plastic bags are making large profits. However, the negative side of plastic bags is becoming well-known. More people are now getting worried that the earth is becoming a victim of the plastic bag success story.
The negative side of plastic bags
While production and consumption(消费)of plastic bags is good for business, it is not so for our Mother Earth. They have resulted in an increase in the amount of litter found floating in water or in the streets where we live.
Plastic storage bags, after usage, usually go to landfills(垃圾填埋地)as trash bags. They make the oceans poison sea animals. They give off toxins(毒素)when burned. They simply pollute the ground, air and water.
That is the true cost of plastic bags, and it looks like it is more than a cent. These are very alarming concerns and proper action needs to be taken.
小题1:According to Paragraph 3, plastic bag producers ________.
A.are now worried that the earth will become a victim of plastic bags |
B.don’t think they have done enough to popularize plastic bags |
C.have not realized the harm of plastic bags |
D.have succeeded in popularizing the use of plastic bags |
A.plastic bags harm the earth severely |
B.most plastic bags are not made use of |
C.the prices of plastic bags are reasonable |
D.plastic bags are the leading polluter on the earth |
A.How plastic bags are produced. |
B.How plastic bags are used. |
C.How to popularize the use of paper bags. |
D.How to solve the problems caused by plastic bags. |
小题1:Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage?
A.Computer helps find the best program for mixing plants. |
B.Computer helps produce more crops. |
C.Computer helps protect against insects and diseases. |
D.Computer helps grow different plants. |
A.the kinds of crops to be planted together |
B.the way for different crops to be mixed |
C.both A and B |
D.either A or B |
A.whether we should grow cotton and tomato together |
B.how we should plant cotton and tomato together |
C.what will happen if we grow potato, instead of tomato, together with cotton |
D.how we can grow rice in the tomato field |
A.man power | B.seeds | C.time | D.land |
A.Computers can tell farmers how many plants can grow together. |
B.With the help of computers farmers don"t have to do a lot of work. |
C.With the help of computers farmers can get better results. |
D.The change of one plant may cause a change in production. |
Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees" nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees" nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
小题1:Why is it difficult to find a wild bees" nest?
A.It"s small in size. | B.It"s hard to recognize. |
C.It"s covered with wax. | D.It"s hidden in trees. |
A.A bee. | B.A honey seeker. | C.A bird. | D.A beekeeper. |
A.it goes to church | B.it gets its food |
C.it sings in the forest | D.it reaches into bees" nests |
A.Wild Bees | B.Wax and Honey |
C.Beekeeping in Africa | D.Honey-Lover"s Helper |
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