题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
In one study, researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.
Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.
The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies. They note the combination that sleep limitation is common and food is widely available.
The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight. It seems that, for survival, the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study. They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.
The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine . Internet users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos. org.
小题1:Not enough sleep can cause obesity by ______.
A.burning more of your energy |
B.making you want to eat more food |
C.keeping you from doing exercise |
D.helping you feel great without food |
The more you sleep, the farther away you are from obesity.
Those who don’t sleep at all are the most likely to put on weight.
Sleeping contributes more to obesity than eating.
It’s not wise to use sleep hours for exercise.
小题3:When you sleep 7.7 hours a night, you will ______ .
have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop
have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop
have your ghretin and leptin levels properly balanced
have your hunger increase and your weight decrease
小题4:The writer wrote this passage to _______ .
A.make a news report |
B.offer a piece of medical advice |
C.make an advertisement |
D.keep a record of the old findings |
A.Only on the Internet |
B.only in Medicine |
C.Both on the Internet and in Medicine |
D.Neither on the Internet nor in Medicine |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:C
解析
试题分析:
小题1:B 推理题。根据文章第一段第二行Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal(激素的) changes that increase feelings of hunger说明缺少睡眠会让人感觉饿,会增加人的食欲。故B正确。
小题2:D 细节题。根据第五段2,3行People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight.说明把睡眠的时间拿来锻炼并不是好主意,因为睡眠少会让人发胖。
小题3:C 细节题。根据文章倒数第二段They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.说明7.7个小时的睡眠是最好的,即这种睡眠可以让你有恰当的荷尔蒙的分泌。故C正确。
小题4:A 推理题。根据文章最后一段The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine . Internet users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos. org.说明这是一份新闻报告。故A正确。
小题5:C推理题。根据文章最后一段The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine . Internet users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos. org.说明在journal Medicine和网站上都可以看到这篇文章。故C正确。
点评:本文是一篇关于睡眠不足引起人的健康问题的新闻报告。集中考查了推理题,难度较大,要求考生在认真审题的基础之上进行合理的推理。尤其是57,58两题。
核心考点
试题【There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight. Re】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Firstly, Americans love to drive their own cars. On highways, cars can travel as fast as trains. These highways connect all major cities in America.Secondly, many travelers like to be independent. When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel. Thirdly, many buses travel between major cities. Bus travel is less costly than train travel. In a huge country like the United States, cities are far away from each other. In some cases, travel from one city to another by train may take more than a day. Airplanes can carry passengers over long distances much faster. People who do not want to spend long time traveling by train decide to fly. For these people saving time is the most important thing.
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 8 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
小题2:What does the underlined word “it” refer to? ( Please answer within 4 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
小题3:Fill in the blank with proper words. ( Please answer within 6 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
小题4:Complete the following statement according to paragraph 2.( Please answer within 6 words)
When they use their own cars they are
_____________________________________________________________________
小题5:Why American people have to travel a long time if they go from one city to another?
(Please answer within 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________
All my American students have to work to pay for their tuition. For this reason, most universities provide limited jobs for students who need economic help. They also help students search for jobs in the community. I have been touched to see some students are so worn out from their jobs that they doze in my classroom. In addition to taking part-time jobs, students are also expected to take part in various social and sporting activities and, in fact, those who do not take part in are often looked down upon by their peers.
A number of American university students are married with families, or are single parents. These students are faced with the additional burden of raising a family. They have to spend much time, money and energy caring for their children and family. Most American university professors are strict. They test students on every unit in their course, in addition to mid-term and final exams in each semester. A lack of preparation by students may result in their failure. This means the loss of a lot of money and possibly future employment opportunities for these students. For this reason, many American students will study or stay up all night before an exam, in an effort to pass.
In contrast, Chinese students have a much easier time, because most Chinese parents pay for their kids’ tertiary education. Moreover, Chinese students do not need to worry about raising children or maintaining a family. So, Chinese students have no reason for not studying hard and achieving good marks.
小题1:Which of the following is not the difficulty American students have to face?
A.They have to work hard to pay for the high tuition fee. |
B.Many American students have a burden of a family. |
C.They need a better education to get a best job. |
D.They have to pass strict tests to complete their education. |
A.American students have no time to think of physical exercise. |
B.Sporting activities are popular among American students. |
C.American students should take part in various social activities. |
D.Those who don’t participate in social and sporting activities are usually unpopular with their peers. |
A.have no difficulty in raising a family |
B.live an easy life in universities |
C.don’t have to take full-time jobs |
D.have more duty to make greater progress |
A.part-time jobs chosen by American students |
B.the high fees of American universities |
C.difficult lives American students have to face |
D.different opinions on American universities |
For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru,far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil war started,which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru"s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact,it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.When a company strip-mines,it removes the to player of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip mining totally destroys the land.Gradually, the lovely island or Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968,Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000,Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.
小题1:What might be the author"s purpose in writing the text?
A.To seek help for Nauru"s problems. |
B.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. |
C.To show the importance of money |
D.To give a warning to other countries |
APeaceful and attractive B.Modern and open
C.Rich and powerful D.Greedy and aggressive
小题3:The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from
A.soil pollution | B.phosphate overmining |
C.farming activity | D.whale hunting |
A.Its phosphate mining cost much money |
B.It spent too much repairing the island |
C.Its leaders misused the money |
D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. |
A.The leaders will take the experts" words seriously |
B.The ecological damage is difficult to repair. |
C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans |
D.The phosphate mines were destroyed |
“I knew about Jeremy before you did because Arne Duncan, my secretary of education, was captain of the Harvard team,”Obama told the famous US sportswriter Bill Simmons in an interview.
“When Arne and I were playing, he said,‘I’m telling you, we’ve got this terrific guard named Jeremy Lin at Harvard.’And then when one of my best friends, whose son is a freshman at Harvard, went for a recruiting(招募) trip he saw Lin in action, so I’ve been on the Jeremy Lin bandwagon(时尚) for a while,”said the president, who is a Harvard Law graduate.
Lin, the New York Knicks’ point guard, though he was cut twice in December 2011, had had a sudden rise in the past month to high points scoring stardom in Madison Square Garden, the world’s biggest basketball stage.
He is the first Chinese-American player in the NBA. He has already developed a devoted following among many Asian-Americans and in China, Taiwan, the Philippines and other countries.
Clicks to the NYKnicks. Com website surged as basketball fans from around the world search for Lin’s news and highlights.
“He seems like a wonderful young man. It elevates(提升) this great sport all round the world,”said Obama, a Chicago Bulls fan.“And what’s been encouraging is to see how fast the sport has bounced back(恢复) recently.”But he sounded a note of caution on how much basketball costs to watch.
“It’s really important for professional athletes and sports owners to just remember you got a whole bunch of folks out here, all across the country, who invest so much in their teams. All they ask is not to be so selfish that you’re not looking out for your fans,”Obama said.
小题1:President Obama learned about Jeremy long before through .
A.news reports | B.a friend | C.Bill Simmons | D.Arne Duncan |
A.moved suddenly and quickly | B.stopped gradually |
C.moved slowly | D.suddenly broke down |
A.Chicago Bulls is playing wonderfully |
B.Jeremy Lin is becoming more popular |
C.NBA matches have returned to normal |
D.audience is concerned about basketball |
A.they have made contributions to charities |
B.all teams are in need of support from fans |
C.they pay to watch their favorite teams play |
D.they can decide the result of a game |
Briana was not alone. Many kids in her city had too much free time and nothing to do. To solve this problem, four school districts in Salem began a program called Big Brothers/Big Sisters. The program helps students make good use of their after-school time. Big Brothers/Big Sisters invites mentors to help students in grades 6 to 8 build healthy relationships and take part in productive activities.
The “Littles” and the “Bigs” are nicknames (昵称) for students and mentors. Most mentors are teachers. The “Bigs” and “Littles” usually meet once a week. They play games, share stories and go on trips.
The program has already helped many Salem students.
Briana’s mentor is the school principal (校长), Syeda Woods. Woods took Briana ice-skating, to pizza parties and for a visit to Longwood Gardens in Pennsylvania. “When I got out, I saw that Salem is a very small place,” Briana said. “The program helps me experience the outside world and see many new things.”
Kathy Jennings, 13, said she was very shy before, but now is much more open.
“In the program, I see my mentor as a big sister, not a teacher. I can tell her anything,” Jennings said. “And she has taught me a lot about making good decisions. I think it will make a big difference in my life.”
小题1:The program of Big Brothers/Big Sisters is designed for .
A.students aged 16 to 18 | B.students aged 8 to 16 |
C.students in senior high school | D.students in grades 6 to 8 |
A.wise and trusted teachers | B.experienced police |
C.community volunteers | D.careful parents |
A.live a full life after school |
B.learn tips on shopping |
C.have more free time |
D.know more about the streets |
A.Syeda is an amazing principle |
B.the success of the program |
C.the colourful life in Salem |
D.Briana was once very shy |
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