题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 小题1:_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. 小题2:_ .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 小题3: .
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 小题4: . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 小题5: . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A.That kept cities very small. |
B.The rest live in small towns. |
C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered. |
D.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies. |
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
答案
小题1:E
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:F
解析
文章大意:文章的主题是城市化,讲述了城市化由过去城市规模小,农民人口多,到后来现代化之后,城市规模大,农民人口少的现象,体现了产量的增加,社会的变迁。
小题1:根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago”可知,此处讲的是以前城市的情况,即第一座城市仅仅是5500年才出现的,甚至200年前,也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述。故选择E
小题2:根据前一句的“ Britain was only the beginning”可知,英国只是个开始,关键词beginning, 因此后面出现的是soon, 句意为,英国只是个开始,很快,其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。
小题3:根据前一句的“Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms”目前,超过82%的美国人住在城市,只有2%的人住在农场,在讲完了82%和2%之后,还有剩下的人呢,住在哪里呢?因此可以推断出,下一句讲述的是the rest即,其余的人住在什么地方。因此,选择B,意为,其余的人住在城镇里。
小题4:推理判断,根据前一句的”It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities”可知,要有95个人在农场里工作,才能养活5个城市里的人,因此城市里居住的人肯定要少,规模肯定很小,因此选择A项,意为这种原因导致了城市规模很小。
小题5:根据后面的“ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers”可知,现在一个美国人在农场里工作,可以养活100多个非农美国人,因此现代化让农民更加多产,让更多的人可以居住在城市里。
核心考点
试题【Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived 】;主要考察你对数词等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
A.give up | B.settle down | C.get through | D.set off |
A.curious about | B.allergic to | C.satisfied with | D.food of |
A.On the contrary | B.In a word |
C.That is to say | D.What’s more |
Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether you, re
Seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you’ve got to move forward. We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情):
Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120, 000 people how income, education, political participation volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweek, s Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships. ”
Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand: all may increase a feeling of happiness, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants(参与者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.
The editors of forbes. Com gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance. Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that it, s not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit.
Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.
Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful. A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水) affected the moods of its female participants.
Title | 小题1:___for Happiness | |
Introduction | You will move小题2:___in the course of finding happiness | |
The findings of小题3:___ | Some小题4:___toward happiness | |
·Value your relationships | ·The小题5:___happiness lies in the most stable and satisfying relationships | |
·小题6:___yourself | ·You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others | |
·Spend money on others | ·Your spirit will be inspired by小题7:___the wealth | |
·小题8:___on the positive | ·Your attitude would be improved when you fix your attention on good things. | |
·Drink water | ·If a woman takes in enough water,her小题9:___of happiness may remain. | |
Conclusion | Happiness can be found if all小题10:___have been done. |
[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”
[2]But money _________. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty’s children had very happy lives.
[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guest’s bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Getty’s son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty’s son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.
[5] Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
小题1:What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
小题3:Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3.
________________________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What did the kidnappers do to Getty’s family (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
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