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宾格

宾格的用法

  宾格是人称代词,人称代词有主格宾格之分,主格有I,he, she,it, you, we,they. 宾格有me, him, her, it, you, us, them.主格的要放在主语位置,宾格的要放在宾语位置。主语位置都知道,一般在句首,如I am a teacher.在英语中,宾语有两个位置,一个在动词后跟宾语,注意不是所有的动词都需要跟宾语。另一个在介词后跟宾语,如: 1,I give him a book. 这里的give 是动词,him 是give 的宾语(宾语的作用是使谓语所表达的意思完整和清楚),因为him的位置是宾语,所以,如果在这个位置上用的是人称代词,就得用宾格,而不能用主格的he. 2,She speaks to me. 这里的to 是介词,它后面的me在英语语法中称宾语,因此也要用宾格。

  人称代词里的:主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语. 打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。 英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如: I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。 顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语。

  打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。

  英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如:

  I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。

  顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。

  在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题:

  ⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:

  *(1)Wilcox spoke to I.

  *(2)Her knew what had happened.

  但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:

  *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.

  *(4)He and her knew what had happened.

  *(5)This is between you and he.

  这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:

  (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.

  (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.

  显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he"。

  ⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:

  (8)a. You did as well as she.

  b. You did as well as her.

  (9)a. I am older than he.

  b. I am older than him.

  (a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:

  (10)You did as well as she did.

  (11)I am older than he is .

  此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b):

  (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.

  b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.

  (12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B:

  (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).

  b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.

  显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。

  不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可:

  (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.

  (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

  宾格(accusative case;objective case;casus accusativus)表示一个动词直接宾语的名词或一个前置词的宾语。

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