say. You can"t be good at your studies or work well when you are ill. If you have a headache, toothache,
backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature
and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor.
The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound
your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will advise
some treatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice. Speaking about
doctor"s advice, I can"t help telling you a funny story. An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man
was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and
lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease. He told his patient to go to
a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses
of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule:"Eat at
pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is." The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well
again, he shouldn"t smoke more than one cigarette a day. A month later the gentleman came into the doctor"s
office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.
"But you know, doctor," he said, "it"s not easy to begin smoking at my age."
B. work is as important as studies
C. medicine is more important than pleasure
D. nothing is more important than money
B. after he has examined the patient
C. if the patient doesn"t take medicine
D. unless the patient feels pain
B. he wasn"t a healthy man
C. he was feeling worse than before
D. he will be well again
more than one cigarette a day.
B. didn"t smoke so much
C. didn"t smoke
D. began to learn to smoke
B. The man told the doctor he couldn"t remember things.
C. The man thanked the doctor.
D. The man didn"t follow the doctor"s advice.
wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite
his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people"s lives. He has even
been allowed to assist a surgeon (外科医生) during an emergency operation on a patient who was about
to die on something she had eaten.
"I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles
myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope (听诊器) and walked around one of the biggest
hospitals in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and other
doctors, it"s easy to take people in." he said.
One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted.
When she came to hospital, York was standing over her.
"He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of
injection," she said. And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. She didn"t think
there was anything wrong. "I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn"t showed me
his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my
ears."
Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was "shocked and horrified" that he got away with his cheating
for so long, and then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminals with mental disorders.
"I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity
to study the behavior of the psychiatrists (精神科医生) who will look after you while you are there. If you
try to persuade people that you yourself area psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are
given a much longer sentence," Judge Adams warned York.
B. a surgeon let him watch an operation
C. he could perform some duties of a doctor
D. he had cheated doctors for so long
B. watching other doctors work
C. talking to doctors and nurses
D. getting some training and experience
B. She had swallowed something and almost died.
C. She had to have an emergency operation.
D. She had been injured in a road accident.
B. pretended to be a psychiatrist
C. tried to get away from prison
D. was proud of what he had done
Several studies seem to support this. Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts.
Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching
comedies.
Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced. They point out the fact that many sufferings have been
known to disappear naturally, with or without a daily dose of laughter. They also say that while optimism in
general does seem to be related to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first.
Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better. On one level, it takes our minds off our
troubles and relaxes us. On another, it releases powerful endorphins, a chemical produced by your body that
reduces pain.
There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related to a person"s health. It can
show, for example, whether a person has suffered damage to one particular area of the brain: the right frontal
lobe (额叶).
Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the funniest endings from
a list. Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings that were based on a relatively complex synthesis (综
合) of ideas. Subjects with specifically located brain damage, however, responded only to slapstick (闹剧)
endings, which did not depend on a particular context. When pressed, the brain-damaged subjects saw the logic
in the correct endings. They simply did not find them funny.
Of course, humor is largely an individual matter. Next time your friend does not get one of your jokes, there
is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However, you might suggest that he lighten up-for the health of
it.
B. people seldom accuse their friends of not understanding jokes
C. the author holds a positive attitude to the healing power of humor
D. reading comics will surely become a popular way of treating diseases
B. Patients in bad moods are known to have higher immune cell counts.
C. Optimism in general does seem to be related to better health.
D. People should try their best to cheer up for their good health.
that _____.
B. a person with a normal brain usually responds to slapstick endings
C. a person suffering certain brain damage doesn"t appreciate a good joke
D. humor takes our minds off our troubles by releasing powerful endorphins
B. Humor can cure different illnesses.
C. People need humor in times of stress.
D. Humor contributes to good health.
Australia"s Great Barrier Reef will lose most of its coral cover by 2050 and, at worst, the world"s largest
coral system could collapse by 2100 because of global warming, a study recently said.
The study by Queensland University"s Center for Marine Studies, commissioned (委托) by the Worldwide
Fund for Nature, said that the destruction of coral on the Great Barrier Reef was unavoidable due to global
warming, regardless of what actions were taken now. "Under the worst-case scenario, coral populations will
collapse by 2100 and the reestablishment of coral reefs will be highly unlikely over the following 200-500
years," said the report entitled "Implications (可能的影响) of Climate Change for Australia"s Great Barrier
Reef."
The Great Barrier Reef is the world"s largest living reef formation stretching 2,000 km north to south along
Australia"s northeast coast. "Only if global average temperature change is kept to below two degrees Celsius
can the Reef have any change of recovering from the predicted damage," the report said. Coral has a narrow
comfort zone and is highly stressed by a temperature rise of less than one degree Celsius. Water temperature
rises of less than one degree coincided (同时发生) with the world"s worst recorded coral bleaching (颜色变淡)
period in 1988. The warmer water forces out the algae (海藻) that give coral its color and, if all are lost, the
coral dies and the reef will die out. In 1988, 16 percent of the world"s coral died, with 46 percent of the Indian
Ocean coral destroyed.
Scientists express water temperatures to rise this century by between two and six degrees Celsius. "There
is little to no evidence that corals can adapt fast enough to match even the lower temperature rise," said the
report. Over-fishing and pollution from coastal farms were also contributing to the destruction of coral on the
Great Barrier Reef.
The Great Barrier Reef supports huge fishing and tourism industries. Even under favorable conditions
tourists would only be able to experience real corals in reef "theme parks".
B. intention
C. expectation
D. prediction
B. if we take quick actions we can avoid the destruction of corals
C. we can find corals in many areas of the seas or oceans
D. the algae help corals to live
B. Over-fishing.
C. Global warming.
D. Pollution.
B. coral prefers a crowded place
C. coral can hardly adapt to the temperature change
D. coral grows best in a small area
Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2.5 billion people
lack basic sanitation (卫生设备).
The combination proves deadly. Each year, diseases related to inadequate (不充足的) water and sanitation
kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world.
Safe drinking water is a precondition (前提) for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between
men and women, and poverty. Consider these facts:
The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to collect water is 6 kilometers.
Only 58 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water, and only 37 percent of children
in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet.
Each year in India alone, 73 million working days are lost to water-born diseases. Here are three ways you
can help:
(1) Write Congress
Current US foreign aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American
citizen. Few members of Congress have ever received a letter from voters about clean drinking water abroad.
(2) Donate to a project with a faith-based organizations
Many US religious groups already donate to water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations
abroad. Simply a single project by a US organization can make safe water a reality for thousands of people.
(3) Support nonprofit water organizations
Many US-based nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects on drinking water and sanitation.
Some organizations are large, others small, some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in
Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Support them generously.
B. people in developing countries
C. religious leaders
D. nonprofit water organizations
B. Many people have no access to clean drinking water.
C. Less effort has been made to improve the basic sanitation.
D. Children suffer most from the lack of basic sanitation.
B. help solve the water shortage and sanitation problem
C. support nonprofit water organizations
D. help get rid of water-related diseases around the world
B. Developing World, A Place Needs Help
C. Water Shortage and Sanitation, What Can We Do?
D. Water Shortage and Sanitation
for prolonged periods-even if you also exercise regularly-could be 1 for your health. And it doesn"t matter
where the sitting takes place-at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV-just the overall
number of hours it 2 .
Research is preliminary, but several studies 3 people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely
to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial 4 this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish
School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define 5 activity to highlight
the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines 6 minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven"t
suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated 7 .
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send 8 signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes
regulating the amount of glucose and fat in the 9 start to shut down.
Even for people who 10 , spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong,
a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day- 11 still spend
a lot of time sitting-might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, 12 in a single bout.
That wasn"t 13 news for Aytekin Can, 31, who works at a London financial company, and spends most
of his days sitting 14 a computer. Several evenings a week, Can also teaches jiu jitsu, a Japanese martial art
15 wrestling, and also does Thai boxing.
"I"m sure there are some detrimental 16 of staying still for too long, but I hope that being 17 when I can
helps," he said. "I wouldn"t want to think the sitting could be 18 dangerous."
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years,
researchers found people who sat 19 had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from
working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to 20 just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be
possible to offset those effects.