题目
题型：0103 期中题难度：来源：
每空填一个词。
the ages of 12 and 17 start smoking. Most junior school students don"t smoke-only about 1 in 10 does. Most
senior school students don"t smoke either-about 1 in 4 does.
But why do those who smoke ever begin? There"s more than just one simple answer. Some kids may start
smoking just because they"re curious. Others may like the idea of doing something that grown-ups don"t want
them to do. Still others might think smoking is a way to act or smoking makes them look like an adult.
Luckily, fewer people are starting to smoke than a few years ago. Maybe that"s because more and more
people have learned that smoking can cause cancer and heart disease. Sometimes kids don"t worry about what
future illness they might get.
Nicotine and other poisonous (有毒的) chemicals in tobacco cause lots of diseases, like heart problems and
some kinds of cancer. If kids smoke, it will hurt their lungs and hearts each time they light up. It can also make
it more difficult for blood to flow in the body, so smokers may feel tired. The longer they smoke, the worse the
damage becomes.
The human body is smart, and it knows when it"s being poisoned. When kids try smoking for the first time,
they often cough a lot and feel pain or burnt in their throats and lungs. This is their lungs" way of trying to
protect them. Also, many kids say that they feel sick to their stomachs or even throw up (呕吐).
| Title | Kids and Smoking |
| Theme (主题) | It"s important to make sure kids understand smoking is bad for their 1______. |
| 2______ that kids smoke | * Some kids are just 3______ about smoking. * Others 4______ to do things that adults forbid (禁止) them to do rather than do what adults want them to do. * Still others think smoking is adult behavior and they want to act like an adult. * Sometimes kids fail to worry about the 5______ they might get in the future. |
| Damage to the body | * Cancer and heart disease can be 6______ by smoking. * Those who smoke may have a 7______ of tiredness. * The first time kids try smoking, they often cough and feel pain or burnt in their throats and lungs. * Smoking can make kids feel 8______ to their stomachs. |
| 1. health / bodies 2. Reasons 3. curious 4. prefer 5. illness / disease 6. caused 7. feeling 8. sick | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit (因纽特人) families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud. There are also reports of sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having great effects-if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become almost ice-free m summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly eager to find out what"s going on in the Arctic. For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in unsteady balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct danger to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outsider experts tell them what"s happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are trying hard to guard their hard-won autonomy in the country"s newest land, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is challenge in itself. The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that"s covered with snow for most of the year. Adventure into this area and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls-this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers few pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by taking advantage of sea fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the settlers were successful, sometimes they failed and disappeared. But around a thousand years ago, one group appeared that was uniquely well adapted to deal with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing dogs, iron tools and the like. They are the ancestors of today"s Inuit people. | |
| 1. Which of the following is not likely to be the effect of climate change? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Shorter and shorter summertime. B. Ice-free summer around the Arctic. C. Higher sea levels. D. More cloudy skies. | |
| 2. The Inuit people believe the solution to the climate change problem is _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. to change their way of life B. to use their ancestral knowledge C. to make the best of modern science D. to use their ancestral knowledge and modern science | |
| 3. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. the first settlers in the Arctic survived by taking advantage of sea fish B. it"s hard to farm in the Arctic due to the climate change C. the ancestors of Inuit people stood out among the settlers D. the Thule people from Alaska invented iron tools | |
| 4. Which of the following is the best title of this passage? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Climate change and the Inuit B. Climate change around the Arctic C. Global warming around the world D. The Inuit and their ancestors around the world | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| The energy crisis (危机) has made people aware of how the careless use of the earth"s energy has brought the whole world to the edge of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more traveling, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth"s atmosphere. Our present situation is unlike natural disasters of the past. Worldwide energy use has brought us to a state where long-range planning is vital. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation (揭 露) that lawbreaking has reached into the highest place in the land. There is a strong demand for morality to turn for the better and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own benefits that people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other people of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to employ new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis we and the world are facing is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists" only fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the result of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world"s children and future generation. | |
| 1. Which of the following has nearly destroyed our cities? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. The loss of beliefs and ideas. B. More of law-breaking. C. Natural di8asters in many areas. D. The rapid growth of motors. | |
| 2. By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws our attention to the _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A seriousness of this crisis B. ineffectiveness of laws C. similarity of the past to the present D. hopelessness of the situation | |
| 3. Which of the following is used as an example to show the loss of morality? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Disregard for law. B. Lack of devotion. C. Lack of understanding. D. Destruction of cities. | |
| 4. The author wrote the passage in order to _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. make a recommendation for a transformed life style B. limit ambitions of the people of the whole world C. demand devotion to nature and future generation D. encourage awareness of the decline of morality | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| The hole in the Earth"s ozone layer (臭氧层) has until now protected Antarctic from the worst effects of global warming. But scientists have warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures on the continent could rise by around 3℃ on average, with melting ice contributing to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 metres. In the past decades the western Antarctic has seen rapid ice loss as the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have, paradoxically, been cooling, resulting in a 10% mcrease in ice in the seas around the region. This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in Antarctic, making much of the continent surface colder than usual. But now that the gasses that cause the ozone hole have been banned, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60 years. By then the cooling effect will have faded out and the Antarctic will face the full impact of global warming. This means an mcrease in average air temperatures of around 30℃ and a reduction in sea ice by around a third. The biggest threat to the continent comes from warming seas. Robert Johnson, a scientist who monitors Antarctic ice sheets, said, "The ice sheets in Antarctic are hundreds of metres thick. But once warm ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and could break up very quickly." Thinning ice sheets cause ice to break away from the continent and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from western Antarctic has already resulted in a 10％ rise in global sea level in recent decades. Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming is required immediately or it may be too late. "Everything is connected-Antarctic may be a long way away but it is an important part of the Earth"s system," said Johnson. "It contains 90%of the world"s ice, 70% of the world"s fresh water and that is enough, if it melts completely, to raise sea levels by 63 metres." Even in aworse-case situation scientists don"t expect the ice to entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, average sea level rise will be around l.4 metres higher by the end of the century. | |
| 1. The underlined word "paradoxically" (in Paragraph 2) most probably means "_____". | |
| [ ] | |
| A. rapidly B. approximately C. contradictorily D. apparently | |
| 2. What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctic? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. It is causing the ice to melt faster. B. It is making much of the continent colder. C. It is making the effects of global warming in the region worse. D. It is reducing the amount of water in Antarctic. | |
| 3. What do scientists think is the biggest danger facing Antarctic? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Rising sea levels. B. Warming sea water temperature. C. Water pollution. D. Growing ice sheets. | |
| 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Antarctic is currently experiencing the full effects of global warming. B. The average temperature has increased by 3℃ in recent decades. C. Antarctic contains most of the world"s fresh water. D. Ten percent of Antarctica"s ice has already been lost. | |
| 5. The best title for the passage is _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Our planet in danger B. Antarctic melting away C. Action plan to save Antarctic D. Let"s save the ozone layer | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming sea life. Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades. "We"ve been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we"ve been able to record this increasing quantity of atmospheric CO2 into the ocean." Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular. "As carbon dioxide dissolves (溶解) in the water or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic acid," Dore explains. "And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more acidic." The seawater Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirms what the theory predicts. The effect was particularly striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation. "It"s important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it could have negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It"s potentially catastrophic." | |
| 1. What can be the best title of the passage? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. Sea Life Facing Danger B. Scientist Researching Seawater C. Oceans Becoming More Acidic D. Climate Change Affecting Seawater | |
| 2. With the increase of atmospheric CO2, _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. more corals will appear in the sea B. the surface water is becoming warmer C. the chemical balance of the seawater is affected D. the pH of the ocean out here has been increasing | |
| 3. Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric CO2 on sea life? a. Sea life is endangered. b. CO2 goes into the surface water. c. The ocean chemistry is affected. d. CO2 decreases the pH and makes the seawater more acidic. e. CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. a→b→c→d→e B. e→b→c→d→a C. a→e→b→c→d D. e→d→c→b→a | |
| 4. Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on _____. | |
| [ ] | |
| A. his research and analysis B. the expectation of other scientists C. some former theory D. a major cause of climate change | |
| 5. What does the passage want to tell us most? | |
| [ ] | |
| A. It takes time to make a scientific study. B. Atmospheric CO2 is doing harm to sea life. C. Robert Dore is a committed and serious scientist. D. Measures should be taken to prevent the potential catastrophe. | |
| 阅读下面短文，请根据短文后的要求进行答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求） | |
| [l]Compared to people with bad attitudes, people _____ are less likely to suffer from colds. It"s possible that being positive helps the body fight illnesses. [2]In a previous study, people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop coughs and other cold symptoms. People who showed positive feelings were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors, even when medical tests detected those symptoms. [3]Those findings were interesting, but they didn"t prove that a person"s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead, it was still possible that a person"s underlying personality is what matters. [4]Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic, with high self-esteem and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, ultimately decides our chances of catching colds. [5]To figure out which mattered more, personality or emotions, the researchers interviewed 193 healthy adults. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous fortnight. [6]Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive. [7]Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are. For now, it can"t hurt to look on the bright side more often than not! | |
| 1. What"s the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fillin the blank with proper words in the first paragraph (Please answer within 10 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? But, their symPtoms were closely related to the emotions they had claimed to have in the last two weeks. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into proper Chinese. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Suppose one of your friends had got infected with the HINI flu give him/her at least three pieces of advice. (Please answer within 30 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________ |