题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per 1 in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times 2 likely to get sick as those who 3 eight hours or more, a new study found.
Researchers used frequent telephone 4 to track the sleep 5 of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they 6 the subjects to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept 7 of who got sick.
8 sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to 9 the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure 10 as "sleep efficiency" - the percentage of time in bed that you"re actually sleeping - were also 11 likely to get sick.
The results held 12 even after researchers 13 for variables such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the 14 .
15 your grandmother, the researchers aren"t exactly sure 16 sleeping better makes you less likely to 17 a cold. But they 18 take a stab at the answer: "Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines（促炎细胞因子）, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in response to infection." In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you"re 19 with the cold virus 20 to the symptoms that define a cold.
The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
( ) 1. A. day B. night C. week D. month
( ) 2. A. more B. as C. less D. same
( ) 3. A. occurred B. worked C. averaged D. longed
( ) 4. A. interviews B. reports C. announcements D. demands
( ) 5. A. hobbies B. quality C. progress D. habits
( ) 6. A. exposed B. placed C. protected D. prayed
( ) 7. A. touch B. check C. track D. reward
( ) 8. A. Except B. Besides C. Within D. Through
( ) 9. A. benefit B. guard C. help D. assist
( ) 10. A. known B. acted C. appointed D. classified
( ) 11. A. more B. less C. far D. totally
( ) 12. A. ideal B. false C. actual D. true
( ) 13. A. adopted B. adjusted C. enlarged D. employed
( ) 14. A. bodies B. cells C. virus D. medicines
( ) 15. A. Like B. As C. Against D. By
( ) 16. A. What B. When C. Where D. Why
( ) 17. A. develop B. form C. fight D. prevent
( ) 18. A. did B. often C. do D. never
( ) 19. A. infected B. surrounded C. limited D. attached
( ) 20. A. pulls B. promotes C. speeds D. contributes
答案
解析
1. B检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系日常生活中的常识，经过分析，语意是：那些平均每晚睡七个小时还少的人比平均每晚睡八个小时还多的人在面临感冒病毒时多将近两倍的可能患上感冒。我们容易推理出此空应该填上表示晚上之意的名词，也即是B项，而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是：白天，一周，一月，这些意思都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故B项为准确答案。
2. B检测介词词组的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示和…..一样之意的介词和下一个as一起构成固定短语as……as……，很明显其余ACD项无法这样，故B项为准确答案。
3. C 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示平均之意的名词动，这四个词中只有C项有这样的意思。而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是：发生，工作，盼望，很显然，这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故B项为准确答案。
4. A检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：研究人员通过经常性的电话访问跟踪了150多名21-55岁年龄段的人（有男有女）几周内的睡眠习惯。看出此处应该填上表示采访之意的名词，BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是：报告，通知，要求，这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合，只有A项有这样的意思，故A项最佳。
5. D 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示习惯之意的名词，这四个词中只有D项有这样的意思，而其余ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是：嗜好，质量，进步，这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故D项为准确答案。
6. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境，经过分析，语意是：。然后让这些研究对象接触感冒病毒，隔离5天之后，看看哪些人患上了感冒。这里的接触就是让他们暴露于的意思，这四个词中只有A项有这样的意思，而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是：放置，保护，恳求，这些意思都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故A项为准确答案。
7. C 检测名词的含义辨析。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该和keep一起构成短语表示看看，也就是跟踪之意，这四个词中只有C项有这样的用法，而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是：联系，核对，报答，这些意思和keep搭配之后的意思都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故C项为准确答案。
8. B检测介词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境，及日常生活中的常识，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：除延长睡眠时间外，提高睡眠质量看起来也有助于人体抵抗疾病。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示除了…..之外还有…..之意的介词，ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是：除掉，在……之内，通过，这些意思很明显都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故B项为准确答案。
9. C 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示有助于之意的动词，也即是C项，而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是：使……受益（其后不能跟复合宾语即是不能用作benefit sb./sth. do sth.），保卫（其后往往跟sb./sth.from/against sth.），帮助（其后也不能跟复合宾语即是不能用作assist sb./sth. do sth.），故C项最佳。
10. A考查动词过去分词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：那些在人们所知的名叫“睡眠效率”评测中表现较好的病人患病的几率也较低。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示人们所知的之意的词，这四个词中只有A项有这样的意思，而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是：扮演，指定，分类，虽然都和as搭配，但是这些意思很明显都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故A项为准确答案。
11. B 检测形容词比较级的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示较小的之意的形容词比较级，也即是B项，而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是：较多的，远的，总共的，非常显然，这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑和语境语意，故B项为准确答案。
12. D检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。经过分析，语意是：即便是在研究人员将身高体重指数(BMI)、年龄、性别、是否吸烟以及是否早有病毒抗体等因素考虑进来进行调整之后，这个结论仍然真实可靠。我们容易推理出这一空应该填上表示真实的之意的形容词，ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是：理想的，假的，事实上的，很明显放在这儿都不是这样的意思，不能使句意通顺，只有D项有真实的意思，故D项最佳。
13. B 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示进行调整之意的动词，这四个词中只有B项(调整，调节)有这样的意思，而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是：收养，扩大，雇佣，非常清楚，这些意思在都能是语意顺畅，不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故B项为准确答案。
14. C 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境，及日常生活中的常识，由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示病毒之意的名词，也即是C项，而ABD项这些词语所表示的意思身体，细胞，药品等等都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合，故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
15. A 检测介词的含义的准确记忆与理解应用。联系上下文的语境，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：和老祖母们一样，研究人员也不能肯定为什么睡得好能降低患感冒的几率。经过分析，我们不难确定此处应该填上表示像……一样之意的介词，只有A项有这样的意思，能使句意通顺，而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是：作为，反对，经过，很明显放在这儿都不符合上下文之间语言逻辑，故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
16. D 检测连词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面在引导宾语从句时的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示为什么之意的词来引导宾语从句，很明显ABC项依次分别所表达的意思：什么，何时，何地，放在这儿都不能使句意通顺，故D项为准确答案。
17. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解应用。由第15题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示患上之意的动词，这四个词中只有A项有这样的意思，而其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是：形成，斗争，预防，这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑，故B项为准确答案。
18. C考查动词do用来表示强调的应用。经过分析，语意是：不过他们的确猜中了原因是：睡眠不良会影响人体对促炎细胞因子、组胺和其他为应对病毒感染而释放的症状调节因子的调节。这四个词中只有C项有的确这样的意思，而其余ABD项没有这的用法，故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
19. A 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境，及日常生活中的常识，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：说白了，就是染上感冒病毒后睡觉时的辗转反侧可能是造成感冒症状的原因之一。经过分析，我们不难看出此处应该填上表示感染之意的动词，这四个词中只有A项有这样的意思，而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是：包围，限制，附加，很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺，故A项最佳。
20. D 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示造成之意的动词，ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是：拉，推广，加快速度，和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合，而D项和to搭配之后的意思就是造成，句意通顺，故D项最佳。
核心考点
试题【Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night"s slee】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
One study from the University of Washington School of Nursing studied 1 problems in husbands and wives. Researchers cited(引用) previous evidence that anger problems and depressive symptoms have been linked to all major 2 of death, but found that wives specifically found a greater association between anger and 3 of depression, 4 men tended to instead experience an 5 between anger and health problems.
According to a study from Ohio State University, those who had less control over their anger 6 to heal more slowly from wounds. Researchers gave blisters(起疱膏) to 98 participants and found that, after 8 days, those who had less control over their anger also tended to be 7 healers. 8 , those participants also tended to have more cortisol (a stress hormone) in their system during the blistering procedure, 9 that they may be more stressed by difficult situations as well.
10 study from Harvard School of Public Health studied hostility(敌对行为) in men and found that those with 11 rates of hostility not only had poorer pulmonary functioning (breathing problems), but experienced higher rates of decline as they aged.
Research with children and 12 shows that anger 13 is important for the younger set as well. Findings showed that youth who cope inappropriately with their anger are at greater 14 for problem-ridden(受…支配的) interpersonal relationships. Their 15 is also at risk; those who cope poorly with anger tend to have more negative 16 when it comes to both mental and general health. This highlights the fact that anger management is an important skill to 17 early.
These are just a few of the many studies linking anger to 18 and emotional health problems, from the obvious to the 19 . Because poorly managed anger presents such a significant problem in so many areas of life, it’s important to take steps toward learning and using healthy anger management techniques in daily life, 20 stress management techniques.
( ) 1. A. anger B. health C. emotion D. spirit
( ) 2. A. causes B. effects C. excuses D. factors
( ) 3. A. times B. results C. influences D. symptoms
( ) 4. A. but B. if C. while D. though
( ) 5. A. appreciation B. attention C. association D. attraction
( ) 6. A. prepared B. addicted C. accustomed D. tended
( ) 7. A. faster B. more C. slower D. quicker
( ) 8. A. As well as B. In addition C. Except D. What’s worse
( ) 9. A. predicting B. promising C. expecting D. suggesting
( ) 10. A. Other B. More C. Another D. The other
( ) 11. A. higher B. lower C. thicker D. fewer
( ) 12. A. adults B. adolescents C. elders D. citizens
( ) 13. A. development B. management C. argument D. engagement
( ) 14. A. chance B. choice C. rate D. risk
( ) 15. A. body B. feeling C. health D. emotion
( ) 16. A. outcomes B. meanings C. effects D. pains
( ) 17. A. recite B. learn C. understand D. explore
( ) 18. A. facial B. spiritual C. psychological D. physical
( ) 19. A. unperfected B. unexpected C. unprotected D. uncovered
( ) 20. A. along with B. along side C. as with D. for with
That"s the term being 1 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging(依附) to smokers" hair and 2 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 3 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 4 if they"re crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 5 these chemicals in a new study that 6 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 7 issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 8 they don"t know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are 9 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 10 , and they think it"s okay because the second-hand smoke isn"t getting to their 11 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren"t 12 ."
The study reported on 13 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 14 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 15 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent"s cigarette can 16 the health of infants and children"。
But 17 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 18 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 19 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 20 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。
( ) 1. A. told B. discussed C. used D. mentioned
( ) 2. A. shoes B. clothing C. body D. mouth
( ) 3. A. includes B. covers C. finds D. improves
( ) 4. A. especially B. specially C. immediately D. regularly
( ) 5. A. name B. call C. explain D. describe
( ) 6. A. focused B. tended C. tried D. worked
( ) 7. A. later B. latest C. best D. previous
( ) 8. A. but B. and C. however D. or
( ) 9. A. alongside B. out of C. in D. beside
( ) 10. A. cough B. talk C. observe D. smoke
( ) 11. A. cars B. seats C. kids D. windows
( ) 12. A. visible B. invisible C. poisonous D. concrete
( ) 13. A. policies B. attitudes C. bans D. habits
( ) 14. A. told B. content C. confident D. aware
( ) 15. A. opposed B. agreed C. fought D. connected
( ) 16. A. harm B. destroy C. improve D. confuse
( ) 17. A. quite B. very C. far D. too
( ) 18. A. chances B. risks C. abilities D. conditions
( ) 19. A. tomorrow B. today C. yesterday D. weekend
( ) 20. A. statement B. mark C. discussion D. prejudice
The finding, announced on Thursday, 1 from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.
2 happy people reported watching an 3 of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after 4 into account education, income, age and marital status.
In addition, happy individuals were more socially 5 , attended more religious services, voted more and 6 a newspaper more often than their less-chipper（没有精神的） counterparts.
The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness 7 more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.
In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they 8 it. In these studies, participants reported that on a 9 from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.
But perhaps the high from watching television doesn"t 10 .
"These conflicting data 11 that TV may provide viewers with short-run 12 , but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to 13 at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing 14 push out other activities that do have more lasting 15 . Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.
Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already 16 .
"TV is not judgmental 17 difficult, so people with 18 social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.
They add, " 19 , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating（使人衰弱的） and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively 20 by a TV."
The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.
( ) 1. A. comes B. arrives C. differs D. results
( ) 2. A. When B. As C. While D. Therefore
( ) 3. A. average B. amount C. number D. effort
( ) 4. A. speaking B. talking C. taking D. getting
( ) 5. A. active B. positive C. crazy D. cozy
( ) 6. A. look B. read C. see D. take
( ) 7. A. builds up B. cuts down C. leads to D. tends to
( ) 8. A. hate B. enjoy C. adopt D. adapt
( ) 9. A. fashion B. group C. scale D. rate
( ) 10. A. last B. decrease C. widen D. disappear
( ) 11. A. report B. suggest C. improve D. admit
( ) 12. A. excitement B. pleasure C. suffering D. sadness
( ) 13. A. glare B. look C. stare D. fix
( ) 14. A. should B. must C. could D. need
( ) 15. A. comforts B. laughter C. pressures D. benefits
( ) 16. A. tired B. lonely C. bored D. unhappy
( ) 17. A. and B. neither C. nor D. but
( ) 18. A. few B. little C. many D. quantity
( ) 19. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Yet
( ) 20. A. controlled B. transformed C. persuaded D. entertained
Research is preliminary, but several studies 3 people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial 4 this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define 5 activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines 6 minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven"t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated 7 .
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send 8 signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating the amount of glucoseand fat in the 9 start to shut down.
Even for people who 10 , spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — 11 still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, 12 in a single bout.
That wasn"t 13 news for Aytekin Can, 31, who works at a London financial company, and spends most of his days sitting 14 a computer. Several evenings a week, Can also teaches jiu jitsu, a Japanese martial art 15 wrestling, and also does Thai boxing.
"I"m sure there are some detrimental 16 of staying still for too long, but I hope that being 17 when I can helps," he said. "I wouldn"t want to think the sitting could be 18 dangerous."
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat 19 had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to 20 just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
( ) 1. A. bad B. good C. mean D. dead
( ) 2. A. does B. occurs C. matches D. dies
( ) 3. A. advise B. talk C. suggest D. say
( ) 4. A. thrown B. caught C. seen D. published
( ) 5. A. biological B. physical C. psychological D. logical
( ) 6. A. commending B. mending C. recommending D. communicating
( ) 7. A. stand B. state C. post D. position
( ) 8. A. harmful B. careful C. wonderful D. skillful
( ) 9. A. head B. arm C. body D. foot
( ) 10. A. sleep B. rest C. walk D. exercise
( ) 11. A. and B. so C. but D. then
( ) 12. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
( ) 13. A. bad B. harmful C. disadvantage D. welcome
( ) 14. A. behind B. back C. in front of D. forward
( ) 15. A. referring B. involving C. taking D. bringing
( ) 16. A. effects B. prefects C. affects D. offers
( ) 17. A. inactive B. active C. interactive D. positive
( ) 18. A. such B. little C. lot D. that
( ) 19. A. less B. fewer C. more D. further
( ) 20. A. leave out B. bring out C. hold out D. figure out
Several studies have 1 drinking green tea to lessening psychological problems and Kaijun Niu, of Tohoku University Graduate School, and colleagues found people 2 70 and older who drank four or more cups of green tea daily were 44 percent 3 likely to experience depression.
Green tea is widely 4 in many Asian countries, 5 China and Japan.
Niu"s team 6 1,058 relatively healthy elderly men and women. About 34 percent of the men and 39 percent of the women had symptoms of 7 , according to the study that was 8 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
A total of 488 participants said they 9 four or more cups of green tea a day, 284 said they downed two to three cups 10 and the rest reported having one or fewer cups daily.
According to the researchers, the 11 effect of drinking more 12 tea on alleviating symptoms of depression did not 13 after they factored in social and economic status, gender, diet, history of medical problems and 14 of antidepressants.
There was no 15 between consumption of black or oolong tea, or coffee, and 16 symptoms of depression.
A green tea component, the amino acid thiamine（硫胺素）, which is 17 to have a tranquilizing（镇静的） 18 on the brain, may 19 the "potentially beneficial effect" shown in the current study, Niu noted, 20 that more study is needed.
( ) 1. A. linked B. taken C. considered D. regarded
( ) 2. A. aging B. aged C. years D. age
( ) 3. A. more B. little C. less D. much
( ) 4. A. sold B. planted C. spread D. consumed
( ) 5. A. including B. concluding C. containing D. considering
( ) 6. A. looked for B. checked C. investigated D. asked
( ) 7. A. optimism B. happiness C. bitterness D. depression
( ) 8. A. published B. come out C. appeared D. showed
( ) 9. A. ate B. drank C. swallowed D. chewed
( ) 10. A. weekly B. daily C. monthly D. yearly
( ) 11. A. apparent B. light C. huge D. gentle
( ) 12. A. black B. oolong C. coffee D. green
( ) 13. A. fade B. disappear C. run D. decease
( ) 14. A. influence B. effect C. use D. result
( ) 15. A. association B. use C. comparison D. difference
( ) 16. A. lower B. increase C. strengthen D. cause
( ) 17. A. assumed B. thought C. imaged D. hoped
( ) 18. A. effect B. affect C. effort D. outcome
( ) 19. A. report B. confirm C. complete D. explain
( ) 20. A. adding B. addressing C. speaking D. saying
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