题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people"s diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars.
小题1:The text is mainly about .
| A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population |
| B．the link between processed food and depression |
| C．the relationship between physical and mental health |
| D．the emotional state of the British People |
| A．They are of different ages from young to old. |
| B．They are from different walks of life. |
| C．They chose the diet they preferred. |
| D．Their state are also affected by other factors. |
| A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. |
| B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. |
| C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. |
| D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
| A．our diets are closely related to our mental health |
| B．the present study needs more facts and other information |
| C．the UK population will become ill in the near future |
| D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
| A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. |
| B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. |
| C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. |
| D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A
小题5:C
解析
试题分析：
小题1:B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. What"s more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression摄入健康的饮食的人患抑郁症的危险要远小于那些摄入过于精细的事物的人。故本文讲述的是健康与饮食的关系。B正确。
小题2:D 细节题。根据第四段1,2行Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.可知影响整个结果的还有另外一些的原因如生活方式等。故D正确。
小题3:A 推理题。根据文章倒数第三段the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high. 说明如果你生活在英国，你吃到Mediterranean diet的可能性并不高。故A正确。
小题4:A 细节题。根据倒数第二段最后两行this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health. 说明Dr. Andrew McCulloch也认为事物和健康之间有很强的联系。故A正确。
小题5:C 推理题。本文讲述了一个调查—关于饮食和健康的关系。告诉我们摄入过去精细的食物对我们的健康有很大的影响。是为了说服人们以后不要吃这样的食物，或者减少这样的食物的摄入量。故C正确。
点评：本文讲述的是健康与饮食的关系。告诉我们摄入健康的饮食的人患抑郁症的危险要远小于那些摄入过于精细的事物的人。文章内容较为简单，在审题时注意上下文的串联理解，阅读中要注意上下文之间的关系。然后带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。
核心考点
试题【Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（lack）crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark．” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr．David．“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs．“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5．5 hours’ sleep．If you’ve got to get 8．5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition．”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr．David．“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．”
小题1:What is the main topic of the passage?
| A．The history of people’s sleeping patterns． |
| B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times． |
| C．Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit． |
| D．The minimum of our sleeping hours． |
| A．People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep． |
| B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6．5 hours’ sleep a night． |
| C．If they get 8．5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition． |
| D．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don"t． |
| A．they had no electricity |
| B．they knew what was best for their health |
| C．they were forced by their parents to do so |
| D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are |
| A．the endless TV programs in the evenings and the internet |
| B．the heavy work load of the day |
| C．the sufficient energy modern people usually have |
| D．loud noises in the modern cities |
| A．Person or thing that is being discussed or described． |
| B．Branch of knowledge studied in a school． |
| C．Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on． |
| D．Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler． |
It is understood that a good breakfast may contain eggs, bread, milk, and so on. By eating breakfast every morning, you can feel alive and active in the morning’s work. After a good breakfast you can step out into the morning air and feel wonderful. Anybody can feel better by eating a good breakfast.
Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast. There are many reasons for children not to eat breakfast. One reason could be that they do not have a good example. It could be that the father and mother do not eat breakfast. What ever the reasons are for children not to eat breakfast, it can be bad for their health.
Without breakfast children may not grow as fast as they should and may not study and play as well in school in the morning as they could. They can have more illnesses, and, when they are ill, it may take them longer to be in good health again than it takes children with good health habits.
Good eating habits mean eating breakfast. Unless you eat breakfast, you do not eat a full meal from dinner the night before until lunch the next day. This is quite a long time for the body to go without food.
Food is the source of power for the body. Unless the body gets food, it cannot keep operating at top speed. Without food the body will slow down. Nobody will live without food. It is necessary to start the day full of power. So you must eat breakfast so that you can keep in good health and do your best each morning.
小题1:What should adults do in order to keep good health?
| A．Eat less and take more exercise. | B．Have less for lunch. |
| C．Have more for supper. | D．Have a good breakfast. |
| A．always eat a big breakfast | B．eat a little for breakfast |
| C．eat more for breakfast | D．don’t have breakfast at all |
| A．They may not grow as fast as children with breakfast. |
| B．They may grow faster and better than children with breakfast. |
| C．They may grow as fast and well as children with breakfast. |
| D．They may study as well as or ever better than children with breakfast. |
| A．Breakfast can provide us the power we need. |
| B．Adults needn’t have breakfast. |
| C．Many fathers and mothers are unable to afford their children breakfast. |
| D．Only breakfast is important to us. |
Write it out
Write down everything that seems stressful, and ways to deal with each problem. You’ll find a things-to-do list much easier to manage than having all messed up in your head. Write down the tasks along with the specific times when you can do them.
One task at a time
Give each task all your attention while you’re doing it, and forget the rest. This will keep you from feeling anxious about things you have left to do. Thinking about other tasks only adds unnecessary stress, and can even stop you from doing the task you’re busy with at present. You don’t need to do everything all at once, or on your own. The feeling of being pressed to finish something on time will somehow disappear if someone is there to help you.
Give yourself a reward
Rewarding yourself for what you’ve already done, no matter how small, is a great way to motivate yourself to keep going. It will reduce stress, and make you happier to go on with the next task.
Give yourself a break
Breaks of ten to fifteen minutes are important. Visit a cafe or take a quick walk —anything to take your mind off the work for a while. If you need to stay at work, sit with your eyes closed and imagine a peaceful place or some other relaxing scenes. This will remove the stress from your muscles and mind.
小题1:The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
| A．Stress Is Good or Not |
| B．How to Form Good Working Habits |
| C．Tips on How to Manage Stress |
| D．Ways to Keep Healthy |
| A．It’s better to plan a specific time to do the task. |
| B．It helps you stay motivated to think about the undone tasks. |
| C．It’s unnecessary for you to do all the tasks by yourself. |
| D．It helps if you put your attention to one task at a time. |
| A．The more stress you have, the more motivated you will be. |
| B．Writing down everything seems impossible. |
| C．Only reward yourself for your biggest achievements in your work. |
| D．It is necessary to have a break during your work. |
| A．Stress is always bad for people. |
| B．Imagining a relaxing scene may help. |
| C．The best way to relax is by rewarding yourself. |
| D．Finishing tasks on time reduces stress. |
Keri Glassman, a registered dietitian and founder of Nutritious Life Meals, appeared on “Good Morning America” today to give you a glimpse into the diets of some top athletes. Some of their meals could surprise you.
Crazy Calorie Count
Glassman said Olympians eat a lot of food- quantities that for ordinary people would constitute pigging out. One secret of swimmer Michael Phelps’ astonishing performance in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing was consuming as many as 12,00 calories in one day.
Athletes can eat like this and not gain any weight because their workouts are intense. According to Glassman, Phelps’ workouts can burn 4,000 to 6,000 calories in a day, and those calories must be added in order to train the following day.
Snacking Secrets
Some athletes eat strange foods that improve their performance. Yohan Blake, the Jamaica sprinter and 100-meter world champion, has stolen champion sprinter Usain Bolt’s thunder on the track during the Olympic trials. Asked about how he gets his energy, Blake answered that he eats 16 bananas per day ,Glassman said.
Jonathan Horton, the lead gymnast on the Us team, has a blood sugar problem. His solution is honey. When he starts to feel shaky at the gym, he takes honey to boost his energy, Classman said.
Foods for Recovery
What are the best foods to help the body recover after harsh competition?
For Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte, the recovery meal is grilled chicken breasts with Alfredo sauce, whole-grain spaghetti and a salad with lemon juice and olive oil. Lochte, who recently cut out junk food, candy and soda, has undertaken a strength-training regimen(养生法)that involves flipping tractor tires, and tossing beer kegs, Glassman said.
小题1:What’s the best title of this passage?
| A．Good Diet Makes a True Olympian. |
| B．Olympians Have Olympic-size Appetites. |
| C．The Diet of Some Top Olympic Athletes. |
| D．Olympians’ Strange Eating Habits. |
| A．Ordinary people eat few pigs compared with Olympians. |
| B．Olympians eat a lot more food than ordinary people. |
| C．Olympians tend to eat a lot of high-quality food. |
| D．Olympians eat a large amount of food, just like pigs. |
| A．Ryan Lochte quit eating junk food , candy and soda for his better recovery. |
| B．Yohan Blake finally beat Usain Bolt in the 100-meter track in the Olympics. |
| C．Michael Phelps’ astonishing performance was due to his eating lots of food. |
| D．Jonathan Horton has a blood sugar problem because of taking too much honey. |
| A．a technical report | B．a fashion magazine |
| C．an education column | D．a sports newspaper |
Bags for women have become bigger and heavier as designers combine briefcases with handbags and straps have become longer, resulting in many users complaining of neck, shoulder and back problems.
“I see so many women with neck pains and headaches and what I usually do is look for their purse and pick it up,”said Jane Sadler, a family practice physician at Baylor Medical Center in Garland, Texas.“We take it over to the scale and weigh it and usually they’re anywhere from 7 to 10 pounds. We’re really going to see women with more and more problems later on if we continue the big purse craze.”
William Case, a physical therapist(临床医生)in private practice in Houston, Texas, urged designers“to place a cute, educational caution tag(标签) on all bags to inform buyers of potential neck and shoulder dangers.”Above all, he suggested correct posture while carrying big purses, keeping the head and shoulders upright. Patients should also often change the size and weight of purses carried.
“The extra-large purses are quite extraordinary. They look beautiful when the women wear them, but I don’t know how aware they are of the potential problems,”Case said.
Placing objects on one shoulder was one of the least efficient(高效率的) ways of carrying a load, according to a professor from Cornell University in New York State.“This causes a great imbalance,”he said.“If a big bag is a fashion accessory, then occasional and symbolic use is fine. If not, then keep it light.”
小题1:Jane Salder would“look for their purse and pick it up”in order to see whether the purses .
| A．contained enough | B．were worth a lot of pounds |
| C．were too heavy | D．were too large |
| A．The way you position your body. |
| B．The part of your body where you place a weight. |
| C．The strength you use to carry a weight. |
| D．The height of the weight you carry. |
| A．be aware of the big-bag problems |
| B．wear big bags in the right way |
| C．avoid using big bags very often |
| D．give up the fashion to keep fit |
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