题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby"s gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉质), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby"s teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children"s dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.
小题1:According to the passage，what is the function of fluoride?
| A．Making the surface on teeth much cleaner. |
| B．Protecting gums from being infected. |
| C．Keeping holes on teeth from forming. |
| D．Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production. |
| A．do harm to | B．account for |
| C．contribute to | D．stand for |
| A．To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth. |
| B．To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste. |
| C．To draw our attention to the dental care of young children. |
| D．To present the research results about dental care. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
解析
小题1:答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉质)，the hard surface on teeth，to help prevent holes from forming.”可知，答案为C项。
小题2:答案：A 词义猜测题。根据上文中“大多数孩子到四岁就不吮吸手指了。但如果继续的话，专家建议父母要去和孩子的牙医或儿科医生谈一谈”，以及该短语所在句的内容可推知，do harm to“损害”与该短语的意思最为接近。
小题3:答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知作者写这篇文章旨在提醒父母要关注小孩子的牙齿健康。故选C项。
疑难词汇解读
1．bacteria n．细菌
bacterial contamination细菌感染
2．suck vt.吮吸，嘬
suck milk through a straw用吸管吸牛奶喝
核心考点
试题【Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums(牙龈) and teet】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people"s exposure over long time periods," he said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China"s north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.
小题1:The main idea of this passage is that＿·
| A．research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy |
| B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China |
| C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China |
| D．a new study finds different particulates in South China |
| A．power stations | B．construction sites |
| C．the free heating policy | D．gases from vehicles |
| A．coal is no longer used for heating in North China |
| B．air quality was comparatively better in South China |
| C．southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s |
| D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980 |
| A．dirty clouds | B．particular smoke |
| C．harmful dust | D．dangerous bacteria |
Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community(社区). People do not have very much money. And they have limited access to fresh food in markets.
Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here,”he says,“You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”
Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together,”she continues,“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration(示范) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.”she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.
Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal(地热)system.
Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.
“I like eating the vegetables ”say five-year-old Owen Moss.
小题1:What is mainly talked about in the passage?
| A．Eco City Farms save a lot of energy. |
| B．Eco City Farms are gaining popularity. |
| C．Eco City Farms are influencing community life. |
| D．Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better. |
| A．shopping centers | B．car repair shops |
| C．fast-food restaurants | D．working-class community |
| A．Enthusiastic(热心的). | B．Disappointed. |
| C．Surprised. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．People. | B．Travel. | C．Environment. | D．Education. |
From Argentina to Zambia, Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found most children were not getting enough exercise and that it made no difference whether they live in a rich or a poor country. “With regards to physical levels, we didn’t find much of a difference between rich and poor countries,” Guthold said, “Growing up in a poor country doesn’t necessarily mean kids get more physical activities.”
The researchers defined adequate physical activity as at least an hour of exercise outdoors for at least 5 days a week. Children spending 3 or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games or chatting with friends were classified as sedentary.
The researchers found only a quarter of the boys and 15 percent of the girls were getting enough exercise by these definitions. A quarter of boys and nearly 30% of girls were sedentary and didn’t get enough exercise with girls less active than boys in every country aside from Zambia.
Girls from India were the most active with 37 percent meeting exercise recommendation, while girls from Egypt were the least active with 4 percent getting enough exercise. Children in Myanmar were the least sedentary while the most sedentary nations were St .Lucia and the Cayman Islands.
People show deep concern for kids’ lack of physical activity in various nations. Why do they have a low level of physical activity? Guthold speculated（认为）that urbanization could be a factor as well as easy access to cars and TVs.
小题1:If you are sedentary, you ____________.
| A．are a diligent student spending much time doing homework |
| B．have at least an hour of exercise outdoors 5 days a week. |
| C．like watching TV and playing computer games |
| D．spend longer hours sitting or lying without moving |
| A．Most children around the world don’t meet the exercise recommendation. |
| B．Girls in every country are no more active than boys. |
| C．Children in rich countries relatively get less physical activity. |
| D．Only 4% of the girls from Egypt are not active in exercise. |
| A．Children in poor countries get more physical activities. |
| B．Girls in Egypt are more active than those in India. |
| C．Couch potatoes are those children addicted to snacks. |
| D．Children in Myanmar are less sedentary than those in St .Lucia. |
| A．The suitable amount of physical activities for students. |
| B．Some of the factors for the popularity of cars and TVs among the kids. |
| C．The reasons behind the lack of physical activities. |
| D．The ways to make the most of cars and TVs. |
One of the main jogging has over many other sports is that it can be done anywhere . People jog around campuses , in parks and even in urban areas . Special fields and running tracks are not .
Similarly , no special is required—no costly hats , gloves , or balls . Good quality running shoes are , but otherwise the jogger can simply wear loose , comfortable clothing .
Having bended and as basic warm-up , you are ready to begin jogging now .
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There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men—34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen.
Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans in ten are active enough according to Dr Hallal’s study, compared with fewer than four in ten British.
These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human beings seem to have evolved(进化) to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same effect on life span(寿命) as smoking.
小题1:We may learn from Paragraph 1 that_________.
| A．the decline of exercise rates is newly discovered |
| B．the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exercise |
| C．the good enough data has been collected from only one country |
| D．the industrial revolution has changed the way people live to some degree |
| A．have little time to exercise |
| B．hate to get regular exercise |
| C．take more exercise to lose weight |
| D．exercise more than men in their country |
| A．powerful | B．rich | C．lazy | D．unpopular |
| A．Worldwide Lack of Enough Exercise |
| B．New Health Discovery |
| C．Evolvement of Human Beings |
| D．Benefits of Taking Exercise |
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