Climate change could affect food supplies, water resources, human health and homes.
If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate, global temperature is expected to rise between 2°C and 6°C by 2100. This doesn’t sound much, but a 5°C change is the difference between the current warm period and an ice age.
Global warming leads to other changes in the climate: melting ice, more evaporation(蒸发), changes in geographical patterns of rainfall, heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells, more frequent heat waves, more intense hurricanes, and sea level rise.
These changes could affect crop growth as drought, increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers（冰川）disrupt water supply. Some crops could suffer heat stress. While there may be benefits in some regions, overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies. The impacts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world. A global temperature rise of 1–2 °C is expected to increase food production in some regions, particularly mid-latitude areas. But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields. A temperature rise of 3 °C or more could threaten global food resources, as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall.
Freshwater resources could also diminish, especially in tropical regions, as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up. Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers disappear, while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding, leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera（霍乱）becoming more widespread.
Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts – both positive and negative. On the negative side, scientists anticipate more cases of malnutrition, heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera. Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia, overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health.
Scientists also expect damage to homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes, heavier rainfall and rising sea levels. Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world, owing to a combination of heavier rainfall, rising sea levels and increased storm damage. Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires.
The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.
小题1:With global temperature increased by 1–2 °C, _______.| A．crops yields could be increased in tropical regions | | B．food production could rise throughout the world | | C．chances are that food resources would be threatened overall | | D．mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts |
小题2:The underlined word “hypothermia” in Paragraph 6 possibly means a serious medical condition caused by_______.| A．lower temperature than normal | | B．higher temperature than normal | | C．more cases of malnutrition | | D．cases of waterborne diseases |
小题3:According to the passage, climate change has both positive and negative effects on ______.| A．food supplies and buildings | | B．freshwater resources and homes | | C．human health and food supplies | | D．human health and homes |
小题4:The passage is mainly meant to tell us _______.| A．how global warming leads to changes in the climate | | B．how climate change affects people worldwide | | C．why climate change affects our crop growth | | D．why climate change contributes to all bad results |
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小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B |
试题分析：这篇文章主要是告诉读者全球气温变暖对世界范围的人的影响，气温变暖对食品产量和人的健康有负面和正面的影响。
小题1:细节题：从第四段的句子； A global temperature rise of 1–2 °C is expected to increase food production in some regions, particularly mid-latitude areas. 可知全球气温上升1-2度，中纬地区会有积极的影响，选D
小题2:猜词题：从第六段的句子: a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses可知“hypothermia”是由于温度低于正常导致的严重的医学状况，选A
小题3:细节题：从第四段的句子：While there may be benefits in some regions, overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies.和第六段的句子:Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts – both positive and negative.可知气温变暖对食品产量和人的健康有负面和正面的影响，选C
小题4:主旨题：从全文和最后一段的句子：The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.可知这篇文章主要是告诉读者全球气温变暖对世界范围的人的影响，选B |
核心考点
试题【Climate change could affect food supplies, water resources, human health and hom】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Now Hear This
What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common."? Both men have hearing damage from exposure to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids as a consequence. As a teenager, Clinton played saxophone in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public"s attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
"What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they"re not dead," says physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it"s possible to recondition the cells somewhat. However, he adds, "Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged." And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous? According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here"s another measurement you can use. If you"re at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you" re at risk for hearing loss. That"s when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
The facts are pretty frightening. But are rock bands turning down the volume."? Most aren"t. "Rock music is supposed to be loud," says drummer Andrew Sather. "I wouldn"t have it any other way. And neither would the real fans of rock. "
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, "There"s no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done. "
Levels of Common Noises
Normal conversation 50 — 65 dB
Food blender 88 dB
Jet plane flying above a person standing outside 103 dB
Rock band during a concert 110 — 140 dB
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小题1:From Paragraph 1, we can learn that .| A．loud music is a major cause of hearing loss | | B．famous people tend to have hearing problems | | C．teenagers should stay away from school bands | | D．the problem of hearing damage is widely known |
小题2:In Paragraph 3, the underlined word "recondition" means .| A．not to be seen | B．to fill with sound | | C．to become larger in size | D．to make good again |
小题3:The purpose of the chart at the end of the article is to show .| A．a list of harmful sounds | | B．the effect of rock concerts | | C．the noise levels of familiar sounds | | D．relationship between daily activities and hearing loss |
小题4:Which of the following statements will Dr. Sam Levine probably agree?| A．When your ears feel warm, your hair cells are dead. | | B．Drummer Andrew Sather gives good advice. | | C．Many are taking the risk of losing hearing. | | D．Doctors know how to cure hearing loss. |
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The World Health Organization and several other United Nations agencies are calling for a major new effort to fight malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS. These three infectious diseases killed almost 6 million people last year. That is about 10 percent of the total number of deaths around the world last year.
The WHO and UN agencies released a new report at the World Economic Forum in New York City earlier this month. The document says that deaths around the world from malaria and tuberculosis could be cut in half by the year 2010. It also says the number of deaths from AIDS could be reduced 25 percent within that same time period.
The report is called “Calling Up the Response to Infectious Diseases.” It calls for huge new investments in methods to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Officials say money is needed for research and to purchase drugs. Money is also needed to devices to prevent diseases, such as bed nets. Bed nets prevent mosquitoes that carry malaria from biting people while they sleep.
David Heymann, director of the infectious disease program at the World Health Organization, says that providing effective drug treatments is important for improving peoples’ health and economic well – being. Reducing disease can also help improve economic growth in developing countries.
The WHO report also describes successful health programs in developing countries. In Peru, for example, the number of tuberculosis cases was cut in half by increasing the treatment to control the disease. In Vietnam, malaria was reduced 97 percent through the use of bed nets. And in Uganda, cases of the virus that causes AIDS were cut in half among pregnant women and children through the use of anti – AIDS drugs.
This new international health campaign is estimated to cost about 12,000 million dollars a year. So far, officials say the campaign has about 2,000 million dollars. The WHO says the campaign will need stronger relationships among government, private aid agencies, and drug companies to succeed.
小题1:According to the report is the disease most difficult to fight.| A．malaria | B．tuberculosis | C．AIDS | D．influenza |
小题2:To prevent these diseases, a large amount of money is needed to .| A．to buy food and pay for the caretakers | | B．do research work, buy drugs and devices | | C．take care of the families of the deaths | | D．set up more hospitals and health institutions |
小题3:We can infer from the text that reducing infectious diseases is .| A．to help the countries develop better | | B．to promote cooperation between countries | | C．to help people get more scientific knowledge | | D．to help people get a cleaner environment |
小题4:Most serious infectious diseases spread mainly in .| A．Africa | B．South America | | C．Asia | D．developing countries |
小题5:To fight the diseases, is necessary.| A．better environment | | B．cooperation between different people | | C．to wipe out the pests | | D．more drugs and money |
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Youth sports teach kids to develop a winning state of mind as well as the ability to become team leaders. Although having __ is a major part of athletics, the only purpose of sports is to compete and create the ____ mentality (心态) people need in sports.
____ have the extremely hard task of getting their young athletes to learn how to play the sport and become disciplined, and ready to play the sport to the best of their ability. ____， I was at my younger brother"s baseball game the other night and his team was ____ by five runs in the last part of the game. While most teams in this situation would be desperately trying to regain their ____ for bravery and will to fight, his team just seemed to slowly walk around, ____ sunflower seeds, and laugh at jokes made by teammates. I asked my brother after the game why everybody was so ___ about the loss and he said it was because some kid"s mom brought really good snacks.
Some parents have a ___ with coaches shouting at their child, as they hold the view that if a child makes a mistake, it is the coach"s ___ to correct the problem. When parents get involved in telling the coach how to __11__ the team, problems ____. Some parents feel if they pay their money, they should have an equal ___ on how to coach the team. In order to have a successful learning experience, the coach needs to feel like he can control his team and ____ the parents from having the last say. Without that, the coach feels as if he needs to ____ the parents by giving more playing time to their kids who actually don"t ____ it.
With youth sport programs becoming less competitive, club teams are on the ____. More teens can get an easier access to them. Club teams ____ more of what high school and junior high coaches are looking for, the competitive edge that is absolutely necessary in ____. While having fun is important, skills and a ____ mentality is worth more in the world of sports.
| 小题1: | | A．fun | B．dignity | | C．courage | D．patience |
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| 小题2: | | A．social | B．competitive | | C．healthy | D．responsible |
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| 小题3: | | A．Coaches | B．Parents | | C．Experts | D．Headmasters |
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| 小题4: | | A．As a result | B．In addition | | C．For example | D．On the contrary |
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| 小题6: | | A．scores | B．goals | | C．spirits | D．dreams |
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| 小题7: | | A．chew | B．spit | | C．count | D．swallow |
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| 小题8: | | A．worried | B．happy | | C．serious | D．casual |
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| 小题9: | | A．joke | B．problem | | C．contact | D．compromise |
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| 小题10: | | A．duty | B．experience | | C．awareness | D．turn |
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| 小题11: | | A．dismiss | B．unite | | C．handle | D．assess |
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| 小题12: | | A．stand out | B．break out | | C．work out | D．come out |
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| 小题13: | | A．say | B．guidance | | C．response | D．reward |
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| 小题14: | | A．protect | B．defend | | C．excuse | D．discourage |
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| 小题15: | | A．assist | B．motivate | | C．please | D．blame |
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| 小题16: | | A．want | B．deserve | | C．value | D．appreciate |
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| 小题18: | | A．offer | B．require | | C．seek | D．preserve |
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| 小题19: | | A．academics | B．sports | | C．exams | D．competitions |
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| 小题20: | | A．risking | B．controlling | | C．winning | D．cooperating |
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The triathlon(铁人三项运动) promises to be one of the most popular Olympic sports.Recently it has drawn huge crowds attracted by athletes swimming 1,500m，cycling 40km，then running 10km without stopping.But what makes an attractive 17yearold girl give up everything for the doubtful pleasure it offers?
Melanie Sears has not yet learnt those oftenrepeated phrases about personal satisfaction，mental challenge and higher targets that most athletes use when asked similar questions.“You swim for 1,500m，then run out of the water and jump on your bike，still wet.Of course，then you freeze.When the 40km cycle ride is over，you have to run 10km，which is a long way when you’re feeling exhausted.But it’s great fun，and all worth it in the end，” she says.
Melanie entered her first triathlon at 14 and she won the junior section.Full of confidence，she entered the National Championships，and although she had the second fastest swim and the fastest run，she came nowhere.“I was following this man and suddenly we came to the sea.We realised then that we had gone wrong.I ended up cycling 20 kilometres too far.I cried all the way through the running.”
But she did not give up and was determined that she never will.“Sometimes I wish I could stop，because then the pain would be over，but I am afraid that if I let myself stop just once，I would be tempted(诱惑) to do it again.”Such doggedness draws admiration from Steve Trew，the sport’s director of coaching.“I’ve just been testing her fitness，” he says, “and she worked so hard on the running machine that it finally threw her off and into a wall.She had given it everything，and she just kept on.”
Melanie was top junior in this year’s European Triathlon Championships，finishing 13th.“I was almost as good as the top three in swimming and running，but much slower in cycling.That’s why I’m working very hard at it.” She is trying to talk her longsuffering parents，who will carry the ￡1,300 cost of her trip to New Zealand for this year’s world championships，into buying a ￡2,000 bike，so she can try 25km and 100km races later this year.
But there is another price to pay.“I don’t have a social life，”she says.“After two hours’ hard swimming on Friday night，I just want to go to sleep.But I phone and write to the other girls in the team.” What does she talk about？Boys？Clothes？“No，what sort of times they are achieving.”
小题1:How does Melanie differ from other athletes，according to the writer?| A．She worries less than they do. | | B．She expresses herself differently. | | C．Her family background is not like theirs. | | D．Her aims are different from theirs. |
小题2:What upset Melanie during the National Championships?| A．She was tricked by another competitor. | | B．She felt she had let her teammates down. | | C．She made a mistake during part of the race. | | D．She realized she couldn’t cycle as fast as she thought. |
小题3:What is Melanie trying to persuade her parents to do?| A．Buy an expensive bike for her. | | B．Give her half the cost of a bike. | | C．Let her compete in longer races. | | D．Pay for her to go to New Zealand. |
小题4:What does Melanie say about her relationships with her teammates?| A．She would like to see them more often. | | B．She only discusses the triathlon with them. | | C．She thinks they find her way of life strange. | | D．She dislikes discussing boys or clothes with them. |
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The dark chocolate is one of the favourite food choices by many.The taste is simply irresistible，the smell is tempting and the feel of every bite is surely what you are craving for.
Aside from the taste，you simply cannot resist it because it has a lot of benefits when it comes to your health.Our health is our priority(首要事情) when it comes to the choice of our foods.If you worry that the chocolate is bad for your health then here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate to health especially when taken with the right amount every day.
First of all，it contains a component called flavonoid(类黄酮) which acts as an antioxidant(抗氧化剂)．The_antioxidants_fight_the_common_signs_of_aging.The antioxidants are also good for the heart.Studies have shown that people who ate foods rich in antioxidants have low incidence of heart diseases.
Aside from the antiaging and healthy heart benefits，the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol(胆固醇) to as high as 10%.Lowering of blood pressure in patients of high blood level is good because it will lower the risks of stroke and certain health crisis.Low levels of blood cholesterol are also good for the heart and take away the risk of blood vessels which may harden for too much cholesterol in them.
Lastly，do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after jogging？This feeling is like extreme happiness.Dark chocolates will give you the feeling of pleasure and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you，then a chocolate can be a mood lifter.It is an antidepressant.Usually when we feel so bad，we would crave to eat more food.If you are looking for something to eat during your bad moments try to take a bite from a dark chocolate and feel good somehow after it.
These are commonly the effects of chocolates to health.It can benefit you especially if taken in moderate amounts.Approximately,100 grams of chocolate or less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much，try to lessen on your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide to you.
小题1:According to the text，________.| A．many people like the dark chocolate for its taste | | B．the dark chocolate is the best choice for most people | | C．nobody could resist the tempting smell of the dark chocolate | | D．only a bite of the dark chocolate will make you addicted to it |
小题2:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggests that dark chocolates ________.| A．are the best choices for the aged | | B．are usually used as an antioxidant | | C．can keep you stay young forever | | D．can make you look younger than your real age |
小题3:What can we learn from Paragraph 5?| A．If you are depressed dark chocolates will make you delighted. | | B．If you are feeling bad you will crave to eat dark chocolates. | | C．If you eat some dark chocolates you will get overjoyed. | | D．If you are hungry the best food is dark chocolates. |
小题4:What is the purpose of the author writing this text?| A．To introduce the black chocolate to patients with high blood level. | | B．To encourage us to eat as many chocolates as we can. | | C．To introduce the black chocolate and its health effects. | | D．To increase the sale of the black chocolate. |
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