题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
First, family life is quite 1 in China． In the USA, many young people 2 home after they finish their education and start working． However, in China, it is 3 for people to live with their parents until they get married． 4 , many of my Chinese friends told me that their 5 lived with them and helped take care of them when they were children． It seems that Americans think independence is more important 6 the Chinese think family relationships are more important．
Bargaining is another 7 that I have tried to learn． In the USA, prices are 8 and you can’t ask for a lower price． However in some small Chinese stores and tourist places, you are 9 to bargain． My Chinese friends taught me to ask for 40 percent or 50 percent 10 the original price． If the salesperson doesn’t agree to my price, I should 11 to leave and he might let me come back and sell me the item． It is a skill that you have to 12 if you live in China．
Tipping hasn’t been easier to 13 ． In the USA, many people in the service 14 want to get 15 money for serving customers． Tipping is not a part of Chinese culture． 16 I tried to tip a taxi driver． He looked a little 17 and refused to take the money．
In dinners, perhaps what surprises an American visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their 18 ． Actually, this is a 19 of true friendship and politeness． My Chinese friend told me if I didn’t want to eat it, I should just 20 the food in the plate．
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D
小题6:A
小题7:B
小题8:D
小题9:A
小题10:C
小题11:B
小题12:C
小题13:A
小题14:D
小题15:B
小题16:B
小题17:D
小题18:D
小题19:C
小题20:A
解析
试题分析：本文通过一个在中国工作的外籍教师的视角介绍了中国和美国在各种文化方面的差异，从家庭生活，讨价还价和给小费等方面进行比较。
小题1:B 形容词辨析。A独特B不同C私人D和谐；本句指在中国家庭生活的方式和美国人是不一样的。
小题2:C 动词辨析。A来B建设C离开D抛弃；在美国，年轻人完成学业开始工作以后就离开了家独立生活。
小题3:C 形容词辨析。A有规律B真的C常见D平常；在中国和父母生活在一起直到结婚是很常见的。
小题4:A 句意分析。而且，我的中国朋友还告诉我，当他们小的时候，他们的祖父母在照顾他们。
小题5:D 上下文串联。句意见上句解释，指他们小的时候，他们的祖父母和他们生活在一起照顾他们。
小题6:A 连词辨析。While指然而，表示转折。美国人认为独立很重要，而中国人认为家庭联系更重要。
小题7:B 名词辨析。A方法B风俗C教训D习惯；讨价还价也是中国的一个风俗。
小题8:D 固定词组。Set the price设定价格。在美国价格被设定以后就不能改变。
小题9:A 动词短语。Expect sb to do sth期待某人做某事；在中国别人会认为你会讨价还价的。
小题10:C 固定用法。Off可以表示从原有价格上去除一部分。
小题11:B 动词辨析。A允诺B假装C决定D希望；你假装离开，卖东西的人会把你叫住再把东西卖给你。
小题12:C 动词辨析。A容忍B理解C实践D考虑；如果你在中国生活，这是一种你要实践的技能。
小题13:A 短语辨析。A适应B求助C参考D坚持；指在中国给小费是不容易适应的。中国人不习惯接受小费。
小题14:D 名词辨析。A地区B部门C分支D工业。Service industry指服务业。
小题15:B 形容词辨析。A容易B额外C零用的D奖励；在美国服务业的人都希望得到额外的钱。
小题16:B 副词辨析。A经常B曾经C有时D以前；我曾经给司机小费，但是他看上去很困惑，拒绝接受。
小题17:D 形容词辨析。A兴奋B满意C害怕D困惑；句意见上句解释。
小题18:D 上下文串联。指中国人会给客人的碗里添食物。
小题19:C 名词辨析。A信号B痕迹C症状，迹象，象征D特点；中国人认为给别人添食物是礼貌的象征。
小题20:A 动词辨析。A留着B仍然C放置D品尝；指如果你吃不下，就把食物留在碗里，也没关系。
点评：本文介绍了中国和美国在各种文化方面的差异，整个完形填空大题，设空科学合理，考生不难从中领会大意，从而下手会比较顺利，从选项中可以看出，本大题主要还是考查了词汇的辨析与运用，但更加注重综合语言能力的运用，需要根据故事情节，了解词汇用法的同时，结合语境，做出准确的判断。
核心考点
试题【I have learnt a lot about Chinese life and culture while teaching in Nanjing, Ji】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Headquarters: Cary, N.C., USA
Software company SAS climbed to the top of the global list this year, edging up from the No. 2 spot it held last year. So what makes this company so great to work for? Well, for one thing, its leaders are certainly accessible. CEO Jim Goodnight hosts monthly “Conversations Over Coffee,” unscripted breakfast meetings that are open to all employees. These conversations are so popular that other division heads have begun to hold similar events for their employees.
Google 2012 rank: 2 (2011 rank: 4)
Headquarters: Mountain View, Calif., USA
Google moved up by two spots in this year’s ranking of global workplaces. The highly desirable tech receives 61 times as many applicants as they have existing jobs, and for good reason. Google seems to be all about coaching. The company’s “CareerGuru” program makes 43 of its senior leaders available for one-on-one, confidential career coaching sessions with other Googlers.
Engineering employees at all levels can also get advice from “EngAdvisors”, senior engineers at Google who can discuss any number of issues, like work-life balance, conflict resolution, and performance reviews.
NetApp 2012 rank: 3 (2011 rank: 3)
Headquarters: Sunnyvale, Calif., USA
All new employees at data storage provider NetApp participate in the TOAST (“Training On All Special Things”) orientation program, which introduces new arrivals to NetApp’s senior management. The meetings are held every month and are always led by the executive team.
Microsoft 2012 rank: 4 (2011 rank: 1)
Headquarters: Redmond, Wash., USA
As part of Microsoft’s commitment to promoting women in technology, the company established its DigiGirlz program in 2000. Microsoft hosts a series of DigiGirlz Day events where female high school students meet Microsoft employees and learn about careers in technology. In 2011, some 36 Microsoft locations across the world hosted more than 2,000 girls. Microsoft also holds DigiGirlz High Tech Camps, multi-day programs where participants get hands-on experience with technology during workshops and meet with tech executives.
小题1: What helped make SAS climb to the top of the list in 2012?
| A．Accessible leaders. | B．Popular divisions. |
| C．Qualified employees. | D．Quality software. |
| A．Microsoft employed over 2,000 girl workers in 2011. |
| B．New engineering Googlers could get advice from senior Googlers. |
| C．All NetApp employees had to attend a special training. |
| D．All leaders in SAS had the same conversations with their employees. |
| A．the training program each company establishes |
| B．the wealth each company possesses now |
| C．the level of technology each of the company reaches |
| D．the number of people willing to work for the company |
Lee, 58, on Sunday accepted the Academy Award for best director for Life of Pi, a 3D adventure-drama film.Lee had won the top directing award in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain and the best foreign language film Oscar in 2001 for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
Lee came to Hollywood"s attention after directing three Chinese-language films in the early 1990s, with an emphasis on the interactions between modernity and Chinese traditions.Some Web users called Lee "a source of pride for Chinese people," and admired him for bearing the torch of Chinese culture.
However, a large number of audience members and critics from the mainland expressed their frustrations over home-made movies: Mainland filmmakers have made numerous ambitious tries for the prestigious award but never won.
Hao Jie, a young director whose 2010 film Single Man won the Special Jury Prize in the Tokyo Filmex Festival but was never screened in the mainland for it showed complex sex lives in a village.
"Due to the censorship(审查), we are prevented from the beginning of our production, which forbids our works from mirroring realities," Hao said.
While acknowledging the system"s role in undermining(削弱) excellent works, Su Mu, a well-known film critic, argued that the atmosphere in the mainland"s film circle is also to blame."Lee produces his works with his heart, but most mainland directors now only have money in mind."
Though having obtained approval for his second film from the film authority, Hao said cinemas have kept delaying the screening of his work."This is another factor that prevents us from progressing. Cinemas won"t risk showing our film, which features no stars and is considered non-mainstream," complained Hao.
小题1:What does the underlined phrase “the prestigious award” refer to?
| A．the Best Director of Oscar |
| B．any of the Oscar Awards |
| C．the Special Jury Prize |
| D．the best foreign language film Oscar |
| A．Ang Lee’s films are always focusing on Chinese traditions. |
| B．Chinese audiences are proud of their Chinese identity in the films. |
| C．Ang Lee has won the world’s favor only by means of his three Oscars. |
| D．Ang Lee is famous for his combining modernity and Chinese traditions. |
| A．Strict censorship. |
| B．A lack of wonderful directors. |
| C．The bad atmosphere in the film circle. |
| D．Cinemas’ not risking showing low-cost films. |
| A．Ang Lee-Pride of Chinese Movie-makers |
| B．The Future of Chinese Mainland Film-making |
| C．Bitter-sweet Feeling over Ang Lee’s Oscar Win |
| D．What Can Chinese Films Do for the Oscar Awards |
A repeated criticism of the UK"s university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK"s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
If there was a greater coordination（协调）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小题1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
| A．They have lost their leading position in many ways. |
| B．They still have a place among the world leaders. |
| C．They do not regard it as their responsibility. |
| D．They fail to change knowledge into money. |
commercialization?
| A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy. |
| B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources. |
| C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way. |
| D．It does not reflect the differences among universities. |
| A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities |
| B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries |
| C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities |
| D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions |
| A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society. |
| B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds. |
| C．Advertise their research to win international recognition. |
| D．Spread their influence among top research institutions. |
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
小题1: We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
| A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug |
| B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug |
| C．the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century |
| D．both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century |
| A．Explanation. | B．Finding. | C．Origin. | D．Fault. |
| A．the misunderstanding of the word bug |
| B．the development of the word bug |
| C．the public views of the word bug |
| D．the special characteristics of the word bug |
Chinese women saved just 24 percent of their income, compared with 55 percent in 2006, according to a recent study in Women of China Magazine. What’s more, three quarters of Chinese women say that they’re the ones who control the family purse strings .That means the nation’s 650 million women are an “emerging powerhouse within the powerhouse” of China.
In the 1950s women contributed just 20 percent of household income. That rose to about 40 percent in the 1990s and then reached 50 percent last year.
In a recent study of Chinese consumer behavior, McKinsey found that women tend to shop more frequently than men, and spend more on personal-care products and food. Men, by contrast, tend to spend more of their income on gadgets(小玩意) , drinks and alcohol, dining out, and socializing. They also tend to save for the bigger-ticket items, like cars and houses.
Chinese women make up an ever-growing small part of the market—up from 20 percent a decade ago to 50 percent last year. It’s estimated that in the next five years women will account for 55 percent of the $9 billion market. “The future is female,” concludes a January HSBC(汇丰银行) report on luxury goods(奢侈品) in China.
The Chinese Market Research Group recently found that women younger than 35 are the most optimistic segment(群体) in China. A very large 80 percent of the 3,500 women surveyed saying they’ll spend more in the second half of 2010 than they did in the first half. With trends like these, Chinese women may bring new meaning to the term “the power of the purse.”
小题1:According to the passage, Chinese women _________.
| A．save more of their income than before |
| B．save less of their income than before |
| C．make as much money as men in the 1990s |
| D．spend half of their income on luxury goods |
| A．women go shopping more frequently than men |
| B．women spent more on personal care products than men |
| C．men tend to save for the bigger-ticket items than women |
| D．Chinese women and men have different consuming behavior |
| A．making more money in a careful way |
| B．wasting their money without hesitation |
| C．spending their money in a careful way |
| D．recovering the economy at a fast speed |
| A．Chinese Men Go Socializing | B．Chinese Women Go shopping |
| C．The Future Is Female | D．The Purse Is Powerful |
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