题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
A repeated criticism of the UK"s university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK"s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
If there was a greater coordination(协调)of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小题1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A.They have lost their leading position in many ways. |
B.They still have a place among the world leaders. |
C.They do not regard it as their responsibility. |
D.They fail to change knowledge into money. |
commercialization?
A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy. |
B.It indicates their ineffective use of government resources. |
C.It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way. |
D.It does not reflect the differences among universities. |
A.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities |
B.compulsory cooperation between universities and industries |
C.government aid to non-research-oriented universities |
D.fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions |
A.Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society. |
B.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds. |
C.Advertise their research to win international recognition. |
D.Spread their influence among top research institutions. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:本文介绍的是更多的英国大学应凭创意(科研成果转化成产品)获利。
小题1:B推理判断题。该题问的是作者对英国大学在商业化方面的看法。首段提出人们对英国大学由知识向产品服务转化过程方面的批评,第二段整体用调查数据证明首段对英国的大学的负面观点,提出英国大学在干细胞研究领域将会失去世界领先地位。但这些都并非作者观点,同时在第三段短首出现转折,然后引入作者方面的观点。可知作者观点与首二段相反,他并不认为英国失去世界领先地位。第三段末句更提出英国大学在许多商业活动方面仍领先全球。可知作者认为英国大学仍大体领先世界,总体持正面肯定态度。
小题2:D 推理判断题。该题问的是作者对英国大学商业化表现的国家统计数据的看法。由national data可定位至第四段转折后,“But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”提到数据掩盖了单个大学之间表现的差距。masks(掩盖)同义改写为does not reflect,variation同义改写为differences。
小题3:A词义猜测题。仅从字面意思“政策干预”还不足以选出答案,需要结合上下文。该短语所在的第四段提到这种“政策干预”促进了英国大学整体表现的提高。但之后转折指出,英国大学个体之间存在较大差异。第五段首更是将第四段强调的现象总结为“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知这种“政策干预”指的应是政府对一部分大学的偏向性支持,而对更多的大学则支持不够,造成资源分配不均。对应A选项“资源集中在少数大学手中”。
小题4:A 该题问的是作者对研究先导型大学的建议。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。
该段中部用rather转折引出作者觉得这些大学应该(should)产生最广的社会、经济与环境等各方面效益(widest range),应该分享他们的专业技术资源,让整个领域(build greater confidence in the sector)都构筑起信心,此即为建议。对应A选项,仅有A选项说“充分利用它们的研究成果使各行各业收益”。B项提到的与缺乏资金的学校分享设施、C项提到的扩大国际影响与D项提到的扩大在顶级研究机构中的影响范围均太窄。
核心考点
试题【(The Guardian)More UK universities should be profiting from ideas A repeated cr】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
小题1: We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug |
B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug |
C.the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century |
D.both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century |
A.Explanation. | B.Finding. | C.Origin. | D.Fault. |
A.the misunderstanding of the word bug |
B.the development of the word bug |
C.the public views of the word bug |
D.the special characteristics of the word bug |
Chinese women saved just 24 percent of their income, compared with 55 percent in 2006, according to a recent study in Women of China Magazine. What’s more, three quarters of Chinese women say that they’re the ones who control the family purse strings .That means the nation’s 650 million women are an “emerging powerhouse within the powerhouse” of China.
In the 1950s women contributed just 20 percent of household income. That rose to about 40 percent in the 1990s and then reached 50 percent last year.
In a recent study of Chinese consumer behavior, McKinsey found that women tend to shop more frequently than men, and spend more on personal-care products and food. Men, by contrast, tend to spend more of their income on gadgets(小玩意) , drinks and alcohol, dining out, and socializing. They also tend to save for the bigger-ticket items, like cars and houses.
Chinese women make up an ever-growing small part of the market—up from 20 percent a decade ago to 50 percent last year. It’s estimated that in the next five years women will account for 55 percent of the $9 billion market. “The future is female,” concludes a January HSBC(汇丰银行) report on luxury goods(奢侈品) in China.
The Chinese Market Research Group recently found that women younger than 35 are the most optimistic segment(群体) in China. A very large 80 percent of the 3,500 women surveyed saying they’ll spend more in the second half of 2010 than they did in the first half. With trends like these, Chinese women may bring new meaning to the term “the power of the purse.”
小题1:According to the passage, Chinese women _________.
A.save more of their income than before |
B.save less of their income than before |
C.make as much money as men in the 1990s |
D.spend half of their income on luxury goods |
A.women go shopping more frequently than men |
B.women spent more on personal care products than men |
C.men tend to save for the bigger-ticket items than women |
D.Chinese women and men have different consuming behavior |
A.making more money in a careful way |
B.wasting their money without hesitation |
C.spending their money in a careful way |
D.recovering the economy at a fast speed |
A.Chinese Men Go Socializing | B.Chinese Women Go shopping |
C.The Future Is Female | D.The Purse Is Powerful |
Each of the 50 states in America has interesting things to offer visitors, but some are more popular than others. Washington, D.C. is famous for its historical places, like the White House and the Lincoln Memorial. Visitors to Los Angeles, California can see the Hollywood Walk of Fame or shop the stores on Rodeo Drive where they may see a star or two. The Grand Canyon in Arizona appeals to hikers, climbers and nature lovers, as does Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.
TripAdvisor is a website where people can write reviews about their travel experiences. Every year, TripAdvisor makes a list of the top 25 cities to visit in the United States. The results are based on the opinions of visitors to the website.
Brooke Ferencsik of TripAdvisor said the top picks on the list were not surprising. And it’s no secret why New York City was named the number one destination.
New York City is sometimes called “the city that never sleeps” because it can be very busy. It is an exciting place for many people because there is so much to do. But the city might be too busy for travelers looking for rest and calm. They might want something more like Myrtle Beach, in the state of South Carolina, which made it to number 21 on Trip Advisor’s list.
“A lot of people come to Myrtle Beach for great weather, it’s a wonderful family vacation spot, the beaches - got the wonderful Atlantic beaches there - there’s a lot of family-friendly parks and water parks.”
Many people take time off from their jobs in the summer to travel. Because there are many tourists visiting other places, June until August is known as “high season.” Traveling during the high season can be crowded. Hotels, restaurants, and transportation might also be very expensive.
If you want to save money on a trip, it is a good idea to plan to leave before or after the summer months. These times are known as “shoulder seasons” for travel.
“If you’re looking for value, try and think about traveling through the shoulder season if it’s possible - the shoulder season being the fall or the spring. The weather is still very good in some of these destinations, and you can get better prices.”
America’s major cities are still the most popular destinations for visitors. Ferencsik says this is because of the good quality of services they provide tourists.
“They do a great job of giving travelers what they want when they’re on vacation. I think they kind of cater to every type of traveler need. So whether you’re traveling alone, you’re traveling for business, you’re traveling with your family - whatever it is, those destinations are really tuned in to delivering amazing experiences and just a lot of different opportunities when you’re there.”
小题1:Lily has great interest in nature and American history. She can visit___________.
A. The Grand Canyon and Rodeo Drive
B. California and Los Angeles
C. White House and Arizona
D. Washington, D.C and The Grand Canyon
小题2:Which of the following is NOT true about Myrtle Beach?
A.People can enjoy a wonderful holiday with their family there. |
B.It’s a place where people can have rest and calm. |
C.It’s on the list of the top 25 cities to visit in the United States. |
D.It’s in North Carolina with great weather that attracts tourists. |
A.To enjoy good weather in spring and fall. |
B.To have good quality of services. |
C.To have better value of traveling . |
D.To save money and energy. |
A. give some information about the top 25 cities to visit in USA.
B. talk about some American popular places and advice on traveling
C. advise tourists to visit big cities for their good service and opportunities.
D. give advice on saving money and time when traveling in America.
小题5:This passage may probably be taken from ____.
A.a travel journal | B.a magazine |
C.News Weekly | D.a website |
English expressions with “pants” |
People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are restless or nervous have “ants in their pants.” They might also “fly by the seat of their pants” -- they use their natural sense to do something instead of their learned knowledge. Sometimes, people may “get caught with their pants down” -- they are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say “she wears the pants in the family.” |
When people what to say something about money |
Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can “burn a hole in your pocket.” Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to “tighten your belt” -- you may have to live on less money and spend your money carefully. But once you have succeeded in budgeting your money, you will have that skill “under your belt.” I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really “take my hat off to them.” Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it “at the drop of a hat” -- immediately, without waiting. And sadly, you cannot “pull money out of a hat” -- you cannot get money by inventing or imagining it. |
English expressions with “shoes” |
Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are “too big for their boots” think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people. I really do. You can bet your boots on that! Yet, truly important people are hard to replace. Rarely can you “fill their shoes” -- or replace them with someone equally effective. |
English expressions with “shirt” |
My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too firm and severe. They think he is a real “stuffed shirt.” But I know that my father “wears his heart on his sleeve” -- he shows his feelings openly. And, he knows how to “keep his shirt on” -- he stays calm and never gets angry or too excited. |
小题1:What is this passage mainly about?
A.How to say English correctly and properly. |
B.Why English expressions include words about clothes. |
C.Which words can be used to describe my father. |
D.What people mean when they use some proverbs. |
A.tighten one’s belt | B.burn a hole in one’s pocket |
C.get caught with their pants down | D.take one’s hat off to them |
A.he is “too big for their boots”. |
B.he “bet his boots on that ”. |
C.he “ fill their shoes”. |
D.he “wears his heart on his sleeve ”. |
A.“You really fill your shoes” |
B.“Awesome ! You wear your heart on your sleeve!” |
C.“Amazing !How can you keep your shirt on at that time!” |
D.“Cool! You are truly a stuffed shirt”. |
Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, 38 UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were 39 up.
Professor John Beath, the president of the society, and a 40 lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures—which are open to students from all departments—were 41 crowds of 400, rather than the 42 250.
“There are a large number of students who are not economics 43 who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to 44 my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t 45 done.” He added.
University applications 46 7% last year. But there were rises 47 average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed 48 in careers in the public sector, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.
A 49 study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial 50 and almost half said their children had asked them what was 51 , although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.
Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the 52 will be a generation that’s financially 53 and better equipped to 54 their money through times of economic 55 .”
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