题目
题型：安徽省模拟题难度：来源：
told this exact tale before, to the same person. Why do we make such memory mistakes?
According to research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains
process different types of memory.
Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the University
of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory, or the ability to keep track of
where information is coming from. The second was destination memory, or the ability to recall who we have
given information to.
They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction
in which that information is travelling.
To study the differences between source and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60
university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate (联想) 50
random (随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students "told" each fact to one of the
faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity"s (名人的) picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half
read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.
When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information
out (destination memory) scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students
receiving information (source memory).
The researchers concluded that out-going information was less associated with its environmental context
(背景) that is, the person-than was incoming information.
This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts,
will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is limited, we give
less attention to the person we are giving information to.
After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that self-focus is
another factor that undermines destination memory.
They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about
themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving
random information.
"When you start telling these personal facts compared with non-self facts, suddenly destination memory
goes down more, suggesting that it is the self-focus component (成分) that"s reducing the memory," Gopie
told Live Science.
B. say what causes the memory to worsen
C. explain why we repeat stories to those we"ve already told them to
D. discuss the differences between source and destination memory
B. One"s limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity"s pictures perform
worse on the memory test.
C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.
D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than
outgoing information.
B. benefits
C. explains
D. supports
B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.
C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.
D. Self-focus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 We may all have had the embarrassing moment: Getting half-way through 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空格1个单词。
(陡然变差). In a recent speech about US education, he called for extending the school day and year. "The
challenges of a new century demand more time in the classroom. Why more time? Because US students
are falling behind students in other countries," he said.
More school
US schools need to lengthen school days and the school year. If we intend to stay competitive with
the rest of the world on test scores and in the job market, we need to add classroom hours and get rid of
summer break almost entirely. As President Obama said, South Korean students spend more than a month
longer in school-and achieve better results than us.
The current two-term school year and the school days that form it were developed based on an old
system of agriculture. The long summer break allowed children to be home to help tend the fields. It is not
necessary anymore. It may not be popular to cut summer break or extend school days, but that"s the only
way to improve US education and get back the American jobs lost to foreign countries.
Home Time
Adding school hours won"t solve the problems with our school system. The USA is different from other
countries. US families have full schedules, with participation in sports, community groups, and other interests.
In places such as South Korea, where only several hours of a day aren"t spent on school work, children don"t
have time to participate in many of those activities.
Giving kids time outside of school allows them to grow in other areas. That"s just as important as learning
fractions (分数). Fingers shouldn"t be pointed at the school year for being too short, but at teachers and
schools that don"t challenge their students and just pass kids along to the next grade. We do need to hold
ourselves accountable for an education system falling behind other countries, but we also need a solution that
actually works.
1______2______3______4______5______6______7______8______9______10______
One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.
Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in
Sweden did the study.
They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner"s
Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The
students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain
equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the
punisher. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation.
The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that
rewarded it the least. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.
The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on
violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than, eight hundred
children were ages two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were
ages five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results
with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children
whose parents did not.
The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than
those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked,
the slower their mental development.
B. the less a group punished itself, the lower its earnings
C. adults are much more cooperative if rewarded
D. the game is introduced in the journal Science
B. The study is about violence and abuse of children.
C. The children tested were divided into groups of four.
D. Children"s mental development only relies on their IQs.
B. blamed.
C. tested.
D. praised.
B. Punishment Is the Best Way of Education.
C. Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior.
D. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
oils are used as food, especially in cooking. But sometimes they have other uses. For example, oils are used
in paint and in cleaning products like soap.
Oil is separated from seeds by using pressure. A machine called a press is often used.
The first step in pressing the oil from seeds is to crush the seeds between two stones. The crushed seeds
are then put into a cloth bag and the bag is hung up. Some of the oil will flow out of the bag and can be
collected.
But some oil will remain in the crushed seeds inside the bag. The easiest way to get the rest of the oil out
is to place heavy rocks on the crushed material.
Another method is to place several cloth bags on top of each other in a box. Then a long wooden stick is
used to slowly push a heavy cover down on the bags. Great pressure is produced in this way. Much greater
pressure can be produced by using a machine, a hydraulic jack (液压千斤顶). The greater the pressure, the
more oil win be produced.
Small presses are important in areas where electricity or gasoline cannot be used. They are also a good
way to test if a local market for oil exists.
Small batch presses can be made of local materials. Their cost is low. They are not difficult to operate.
And they are easy to repair. The small presses produce good quality oil. But the work is hard. And getting
all the oil from the seeds can be difficult.
If there is a large supply of seeds, then hand-operated presses may not be enough to support a business.
Large, powered presses that can operate all day are needed.
| Title | How to 1.______ Oil From Seeds | |||
| 2.______ of oil | People use oils when they cook meals, paint pictures and clean objects. | |||
| Method l | ●Crush the seeds between two stones and then put them into a cloth bag. ●3.______ the cloth bag up. Some of the oil will flow out of the bag. ●The 4.______ oil in the seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them. | |||
| Method 2 | ●A box is used to 5.______ several bags of seeds. ●Place a heavy cover on the bags. ●Use a long wooden stick to push the cover slowly. ●The 6.______ of oil relies on the pressure placed on the bags. | |||
| Small batch presses | ●They are at a low 7.______ ●They are easy to operate and repair. ●They can be used in areas 8.______ of electricity or gasoline. ●They can be operated by hand very conveniently. ●They can produce good quality oil. | |||
| Large 9.______ presses | ●It is easy to get all the oil from the seeds. ●They can 10.______ with a large supply of seeds and support a business. ●They can run all day. | |||
| 阅读表达。阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后面的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求） | ||||
| For years children in the industrial areas of Europe and America seldom left their smoky cities to see the beauties of the countryside. Not that the woods and fields were always far away, but they were too far from the city to permit people to make a round trip between morning and nightfall. What"s more, factory workers did not have enoug money to send their children on country holidays away from home. In 1907 a young German schoolmaster had an idea which changed this state of affairs. He decided to turn his little schoolhouse into a domitory for the summer holidays. Anyone who bmught his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very smaU amount of money. The idea was a success. A few years later the schoolhouse was far too small to hold so many young people who wanted to stay there. So, a dormitory was set up in an old caste nearby. This was the first Youth Hostel. Today young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostels and get to know each other. Some spend a week or more in the same hostel, seeing the surrounding sights and meeting the people of the area. Other youths go on foot or by bicycle from place to place, spending a night or two in one hostel, then going to the next. Sometimes an infomal program will be organized after the meal, with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period. One can _____ about other places, just by meeting people who come from these places. For this reason, a few weeks spent "hostelling" can be just as useful a part of one"s education as classes in school. | ||||
| 1. Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph l into Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? (Please answer within 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Some youths stay in a hostel for several days, during which period they go sightseeing and visit the local people. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Fill in the blank in the 4th pamgraph with proper words to complete the sentence. (P1ease answer within 7 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. List 3 of the advantages of hostelling according to the text. (Please answer within 15 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________ | ||||
| 完形填空。 | ||||
| Drama (戏剧) and the performing arts are excellent methods of building confidence in children and adults alike. Learning through drama allows children to 1 their creativity and have fun while leaving their 2 and worries behind. Drama also wrorks by supporting the growth of imagination and other skills. Entertainment has become rather passive with 3 , television and video games becoming more popular. These screen-based methods have had a 4 effect on communication. They prevent children communicating with others. 5 , drama puts the children emhusiastic about communication back into entertainment. Children have the opportunity to 6 with others in a more rneaningful way 7 drama encourages speech development, awareness of body language and allows children to become more 8 aware. Play and drama are closely linked. When children play a game, they are using their 9 and so are moving away from reality to 10 their own story. Drama is a vehicle 11 which children can express themselves rnore freely to make education fun. Children gain 12 by understanding that there is no final answer in drarna and that their opinion and contribution are valued. They are able to 13 to rmny issues and situations such as poverty, recycling and global warming.Drarm and 14 have a stmng link as drama can 15 children to take an active interest in other subjects such as geography, history and English and so they can 16 a more rounded education. As a drama teacher, I have witnessed a child at his first class holding on to his parent"s arm 17 to let go. Then to see the same child running into my class with a smile is an 18 sight. Drama installs confidence in children by allowing them to improvise (即兴创作) and experiment. Everyone is given the opportunlty to shine 19 drama. Besides learning the history of the theatre, drama 20 dance, music, and directing, etc. These classes are especially designed to be of great fun. | ||||
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