题目
题型：江苏期中题难度：来源：
reader" software, but two blind computer programmers from Australia have solved this problem.
Queensland University of Technology (QUT) graduate James Teh and business partner
Michael Curran developed a free, open-source program, called NVDA, which provides a voice
to read the words on a computer screen as the cursor moves over them. NVDA won the blind
inventors an award in the grand final program of the ABC"s New Inventors, which aired on
September 23. They took home the award for an invention that "might make a real difference
to people"s lives or the environment."
"A sighted person takes for granted that they can sit down at any computer and use it," Mr
Teh said. "We really are in the information age - everything is online these days. So access to
computers for the blind is very important, which is why we wanted our software to be free."
Mr Teh, who majored in software engineering at QUT, said blind students typically didn"t
have the money to purchase "screen reader" technology, at the time in their life when they most
needed it. Now NVDA could be downloaded on to anyone"s personal computer free of charge.
"It can also be copied to a USB stick, which can be used on any PC at school or university,
with no installation required," he said.
Mr Teh and Mr Curran have drawn on their own experience as blind computer users to
develop a product which has some unique features. For example, as the mouse moves up and
down the screen, a sound becomes higher and lower to let you know where the cursor is located.
NVDA has been translated into 27 languages, thanks to volunteer translators. To date, there
have been over 50,000 downloads.
Mr Teh and Mr Curran have been working on the project since 2006. They worked on their
product without any pay for two years. When Mozilla offered some funding in 2008, Mr Teh
was able to quit his day job and work full-time developing NVDA.
B. influences people" s lives
C. is aiming at blind people
D. is easy to use
B. They belonged to a volunteer group.
C. They wanted to help the blind.
D. They wanted people to give up "screen reader" software.
B. They are good at translating.
C. They know how the blind feel.
D. They began to develop NVDA in 2008.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 For many blind people, computers are inaccessible. It can cost $1,000 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
You need a photo ID, your instructor"s name, a pencil or pen, a calculator, etc.
2. How will I know about time limits?
Students will be informed of any testing time limits, and notified when time is up.
3. If I have my books or backpack, does the Test Center have a place to store them while I"m
testing?
Yes. Students will be asked to leave all books, backpacks, purses and any other personal items in a
lockable storage room.
4. The only time I can take a test is during lunch. Can I eat my lunch while I am testing?
No food or drink are allowed in the Test Center.
5. I conduct business via a pager(寻呼机) or cell phone. Will I be allowed to use them in the
Test Center?
No. all pagers and cell phones must be turned off before entering the Test Center. There are other
students testing who may be distracted by these devices.
6. If I need to borrow more scratch paper(草稿纸) am I allowed to borrow from another student
in the Test Center?
Ask the teacher and more material will be given. Talking is not permitted in the Test Center. You will
give all scratch paper to the teacher at the end of the test.
7. If I start a test but don"t finish it, can I come back the next day to finish it?
If you have prior(在先的) arrangements with your instructor you may continue a test the next day.
Students are expected to complete their test before closing time of the Test Center. Depending on the
test, most tests will not be given within one hour of closing time.
B. to use your cell phone
C. to leave your purse on the desk
D. to ask for more scratch paper
B. should get help from your instructor
C. can continue it the next day by prior arrangement
D. can take the paper out of the center
B. Useful suggestions on different kinds of tests
C. General requirements for students to have tests
D. Brief introduction to the Test Center
yawning with him, though you"re not tired.
This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to
sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were
unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagions (有感染力的) yawning,
which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.
Hogo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that
happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body
are in constant exchange about how we"re feeling. "Emotions are closely linked with states of internal (内
部的)responses, "he explained. "There are also more visible changes in our gesture and facial expressions. When we"re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there"s the obvious
tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise,
anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure. "
Hugo Critchley further explained, "Our bodies synchronize and when we like the other person, we
even copy his behivour. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you"re sitting-it"s pretty likely
that you will be the same. Scientists believe it"s our way of telling each other that we"re partners. Through
body language, humans give each other very subtle (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions. "
So, what lessons can we learn from this? "Spend time with happy people-otherwise your health could
suffer, " said Critchley. "When we"re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we"re happy,
our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel
healthy and it affects everyone around us. "
B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold
C. emotions are connected with states of internal responses
D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions
B. change rapidly
C. relax temporarily
D. respond accordingly
B. anger is less contagious than friendliness
C. surprise is more contagious than smile
D. surprise is the most contagious among emotions
B. Children like copying the actions of the fellow humans.
C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.
D. People tend to communicate more with body language.
unavoidably at the bottom of the list Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is
viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly notan education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In
fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their
thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazzinfluence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced
into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that can not be acquired any other way. Science can
explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive (情感的) meaning of the same
phenomenon.We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific
symbols. They are ways we human beings "talk" to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give
children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them themeanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important
way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music
education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
B. disagree with their parents on education
C. view music as an overlooked subject
D. prefer the arts to science
B. show music identifies a society
C. introduce American musical traditions
D. prove music influences people"s lifestyles
B. explore different phenomena of the world
C. express people’s feelings in different ways
D. explain what it means to be human differently
B. Music should be of top education priority.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
A new study shows that elephants live better in the wild.
Researchers studies 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living
in wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce(繁殖) more than those
kept in zoos.
Many animals live longer in zoos than those who live in the wild. In zoos, they are not worried
about some animals that may attack them at any time when in the wild. There"s always plenty to eat.
And they are cured when sickness strikes. But when it comes to elephants, the situation is different.
The researchers said that zoos do not offer enough space for elephants to walk about as much as
30 miles a day. Too little exercise and too much food are causing zoo elephants to put on extra pounds.
The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems. Even the baby elephants born in
zoos are heavier than those born in the wild.
Bringing Asian and African elephants together in zoos has also caused problems. A disease that is
not dangerous for African elephants has spread to Asian elephants, and is harming them. " Zoos have
accidentally created this," says Mason. "It"s killing Asian adult elephants."
Exerts point out that keeping elephants in zoos isn"t a problem for the animals only; it"s also quite
costly for humans. In the last 10 years, zoos have spent about $500 million on caged space for about
250 animals.
B. are heavier
C. are healthier
D. reproduce more
B. elephants walk as long as miles a day
C. little room to wander leads to problems for elephants
D. too much food in zoos leads to heart disease for elephants
B. The diseases of zoo elephants are caused by being overweight.
C. Zoos free the elephants because of the cost of keeping them.
D. Elephants live better in the wild than in zoos.
B. a guide book
C. a healthy program
D. a science magazine
to be thought that this couldn"t be helped, but new studies show that people of any age can train
their brains to work faster. "Your brain is a learning machine," says University of California scientist
Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we
were younger. All that"s required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for
the mind.
Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process(过程)in
which the brain deals with information ( positscience. com). Since much of the data we receive
comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better
speed and accuracy (准确性).
Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨别) sounds (between
"dog" and "bog", for example) at an increasingly faster speed. It"s a bit like tennis instructor, says
Merzenich, hitting balls at you-faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑战).
You may start out slow, but before long you"re pretty quick,
The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.
If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and
excite you: playing table tennis or bridge, doing crossword puzzles, learning a language. . . "When
it comes to preventing ageing, you really do " use it or lose it" ,"says Barbara Sahakian, professor at
Cambridge University.
B. computer languages
C. the activities one joins in
D. the information being dealt with
B. mastered
C. developed
D. researched
B. Brain research started ten years ago.
C. Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer.
D. People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down.
A. The training methods work better for the old.
B. People should use the brain to stop it from ageing.
C. The training of the brain should start at an early age.
D. It"s necessary to take part in as many activities as possible.
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