题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker(超级油轮). But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups? Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed(腐烂)and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink(收缩)as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy)? Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not. Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system(边缘系统). All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet. If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. |
小题1:What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A.Blue | B.Light yellow |
C.Red | D.Dark reddish purple |
A.Because their spine is in active use. |
B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity. |
C.Because they keep growing backwards. |
D.Because their spine becomes more bent. |
A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart. |
B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy. |
C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans. |
D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. |
A.To give advice on how to stay healthy. |
B.To provide information about our body. |
C.To challenge new findings in medical research. |
D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:你知道我们身体的一些秘密吗?比如血液是红色的,但为什么静脉看起来却是绿色的?等等问题,读完本篇你就会找到答案。
小题1:D考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color.很容易判断出选D。
小题2:D考查细节理解。从第九段的when they do get shorter, it’s not because the spine has shortened a little. Or more often, become more bent and curved.可知老年人变矮不是因为他们的脊柱变短,更多的原因是因为他们的脊柱变弯曲。所以D选项正确。A选项的内容文中没有提及;B选项不符合文中的内容They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力);C选项的内容与文中的描述相反。
小题3:A考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.可知A项正确。通过第五段最后一句But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’removing while you’re not可知当我们突然停止旋转时才会感到眩晕,所以B项错误;通过第六段最后一句But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.可知C,D两项错误。
小题4:B考查推理判断。本篇的写作意图就是让我们了解我们的身体,为我们提供一些基本的信息,故B项正确。
核心考点
试题【Below is a selection from a popular science book.If blood is red, why are veins 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset. Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public. The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks. In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the "yuppie" , the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols. Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone.
But in the mid-90s, something happened. Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone. And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags.
Moreover, people" s timekeeping changed. Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time. But later Meeting times became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service (SMS) or text message. Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it" s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English. Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you" re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing "Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar. Sorry! - )".
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years.If he were around today, he might say "That" s gr8! But I" m v busy rite now.Will call U 2nite."
小题1:What does the underlined part in Para. 2 refer to?
A.Houses of modern cities. | B.Sharp-suited characters. |
C.New type of professionals. | D.Mobile phones. |
A.People were more likely to be late for their meeting. |
B.SMS made it easier to inform each other. |
C.Young people don" t like unchanging things. |
D.Traditional customs were dying out. |
A.Call U@ SKUg8 2nite. | B.IM2BZ2CU 2nite. |
C.CU@ the bar g8 2nite. | D.W84U@ SKUg8 2nite. |
A.Alexander Graham" s invention. |
B.SMS @ a new way of communication. |
C.New functions of the mobile telephone. |
D.The development of the mobile phone. |
Restoring the quakehit ecosystems is a question of balancing the interests of the local people and the environment. Rural methane (沼气) projects can reduce the number of locals taking firewood from the mountainsides. The use of straw as food for animals will ensure that vegetation(草木) can grow. In Sihai township and Dazhuangke village, in Beijing, they now have a forestry coverage of 85% or more, compared to the 30% they had 15 years ago. Back then, land was used very inefficiently: one person would use 20 mu of forest just for firewood. With those pressures on the ecosystem, no amount of spending on reforestation will succeed. Then the government relocated the population and paid those who remained to tend the forest and provide coal. This reduced the pressures on the ecosystem and it was able to recover naturally.When an ecosystem has not been pushed past certain limits, it is able to recover on its own. Human involvement should only play a minor role, including after an earthquake. This is particularly the case for sandy grasslands, grasslands deserts, the mountains of the south and the northern sides of mountains in the north. In these areas soil remains and the water, light, heat and nutrients needed are available. Less human involvement is even more appropriate in areas with a small population, where it can avoid money being wasted on ineffective efforts, such as creating forests in dry areas.
The creation of nature reserves should be a model to allow damaged ecosystems to recover. Funding can start at the national level; centrallyfunded nature reserves can enforce environmental protection laws and help to promote the local economy. This will solve the problems of reserves being run to make money. When national reserves are funded, local governments will be able to adopt the same model and provide the funds for nature reserves from their own budgets. The first project should be established in nature reserves hit by the quake; these can then become models for other areas.
小题1:To restore the quakehit ecosystem, government should ________.
A.forbid locals from taking firewood from the mountainsides |
B.encourage local people to feed their animals just with straw |
C.spend large amounts of money relocating the population |
D.protect the environment without harming locals" interests |
A.pressures on land were reduced | B.a large amount of coal is provided |
C.no people live in that area | D.locals take good care of the forest |
A.local people | B.nature itself |
C.human involvement | D.government"s effort |
A.Nature reserves could be helpful to recover the damaged ecosystems. |
B.Centrallyfunded nature reserves are beneficial to local economy. |
C.Some nature reserves are created for the purpose of making money. |
D.The first projects on nature reserves should be set up in quakehit areas. |
Pupils remember more and behave better when 3D images are used in lessons, research suggests. They are quicker to learn and absorb new concepts, and display higher levels of concentration.
Professor Anne Bamford, of the University of the Arts, London, studied the effectiveness of 3D content in 15 schools across seven countries, including the UK. Pupils in 3D classes could remember more than those in the 2D classes after four weeks, improving test scores by an average 17 percent compared with eight percent for 2D lessons. They gave more detailed answers to the tasks and were more likely to think in 3D, using hand gestures and mime (模仿动作) to answer the test questions successfully.
The teachers commented that the pupils in the 3D groups had deeper understanding, increased attention span, more motivation and higher engagement in the lessons
Children are used to 3D with the rise of computer games that use the technology—90 percent of those in the study had seen a 3D film. Schools would need 3D-enabled projectors(投影仪), laptops with good picture capabilities, 3D software and glasses for children to introduce animations (动作) into classrooms.
But Danny Nicholson, an educationist, said the technology would be impractical to use in schools and could be too expensive. He said,“While I think the idea of 3D technology is very interesting, I worry that 3D is a bit of an expensive gimmick (小玩意儿). There are a few cases where a true 3D image might help, but most of the time, good 2D models that can be moved , would be just so effective.”
In Colorado, the US, one school district is already in the process of having 1,000 3D projectors fixed in classrooms. And the University of Caledonia, which carries out scientific research into the Lake Tabon Basin, has used 3D presentations with Grade Six pupils. Those who watched the 3D presentations were more engaged and reported a general increase in their interest in science compared with students who watched the 2D version.
小题1:Teachers think pupils in 3D classes .
A.are naughtier than those in 2D classes | B.have less motivation |
C.find it hard to concentrate | D.have deeper understanding |
A.many pupils prefer 2D models |
B.3D is a bit expensive for some schools |
C.true 3D images would not help in classes |
D.3D technology has a bright future in classes |
A.3D classes will soon be given in one school district in Colorado. |
B.Teachers will use the 3D technology through specific training. |
C.Many pupils are now more interested in science than before. |
D.3D technology will replace 2D models in the future. |
A.2D models are always more effective than 3D images. |
B.The differences between 3D and 2D images. |
C.How schools can make full use of 3D technology. |
D.Pupils behave better when 3D images are used in classes. |
A.A history book. | B.A news story |
C.A science magazine. | D.A school report. |
Within that schooling framestudy, no matter how hard teachers try and no matter how good their textbooks, many bright students get bored, many slower students struggle and give up or lose their self-respect, and most of them reach the end of the process unprepared to enter into society. They have memorized a certain body of knowledge long enough to rush back the information on tests, but they haven’t really learnt much, at least of the official curriculum.
Life learners, on the other hand, know that learning is not difficult, that people learn things quite easily if they’re not compelled and forced, if they see a need to learn something, and if they are trusted and respected enough to learn it on their own timetable, at their own speed, in their own way—no matter what age and no matter whether we’re at school or at home.
Life learning is independent of time, location or the presence of teacher. It does not require mom or dad to teach, or kids to work in workbooks at the table from 9 to noon. Life learning is learner-driven. It involves living and learning—in and from the real world. It is about exploring, questioning, experimenting, making messes, taking risks without fear of making mistakes, being laughed at and trying again.
Furthermore, life learning is about trusting kids to learn what they need to know and about helping them to learn and grow in their own ways. It is about providing positive experiences that enable children to understand the world and their culture and to interact with it.
小题1:It is implied in the text that it is hard to ______.
A.tell the nature of life learning | B.carry life learning through |
C.learn without going to school | D.find a specially trained teacher |
A.produces slow students with poor memories |
B.ignores some parts of the official curriculum |
C.fails to provide enough knowledge about life |
D.gives little care to the quality of teaching materials |
A.able to respect other people | B.careful to make a time table |
C.clear about why to learn | D.cautious about any mistakes |
A.could prevent one from running risks |
B.teaches a kid how to avoid being laughed at |
C.makes a kid independent of his parents |
D.could be a road full of trials and errors |
A.will grow without the assistance from parents |
B.will be seperated from the negative side of society |
C.will be driven to learn necessary life knowledge |
D.will learn to communicate with the real society |
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we 33 ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage 34 our attention, we also see the importance of the 35 players and the scenery of the 36 itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the 37 to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full 38 of society’s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are 39 to the next generation.
Education in any society is a 40 of the society. We can see in it the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the 41 values of the culture itself. The great 42 in exceptional children shown in public education over the past thirty years 43 the strong feeling in our society that all 44 , whatever their special conditions, have a right to get the chance to fully develop their abilities.
“All man are created equal.” We’ve 45 it many times, but it still has an important meaning for education in a democratic society. 46 the phrase was used by this country’s founders to express equality before the 47 , it has also been explained to mean equality of education. That 48 educational chance for all children—the right of each child to 49 help in learning to the limit of his or her ability, whether that ability is small or great. Recent 50 decisions have made certain of the right of children—disabled or not—to a suitable education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.
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