More than 30 million kids buy school lunch each day. This year, many schools raised lunch prices to fight raising costs. Students pay about $2 a meal now. That is 27 cents more than last year. But they still get a good deal. The average cost for schools to produce one meal has gone up 30 cents, and is now $3.
So, how do schools neither make money nor lose money? To start, the government pays for a small part of the difference. Schools have to make up the rest. Peggy Eller, a leader of school nutrition (营养) service in Hudson, Wisconsin, said her district is cutting costs by using fewer paper products and serving smaller portion(份额). Well, portion control is one key to healthful eating!
The push for more healthful food has grown in recent years. One in five kids aged 6 to 19 is overweight. Being overweight can cause health problems. Many states passed laws that require schools to serve nutritious meals.
Since 2004, more than 90% of all U.S. Schools have removed the fat from lunches. Foods high in fat, salt and sugar have been replaced by low-fat milk, fresh fruits and vegetables. These new items on lunch menus have encouraged kids to change their eating habits. “It makes easier to try new things at home, “said Savanna Mackey, a Florida fifth-grader.
Students need healthful meals to grow strong and do well in school. “Rising prices won’t stand in the way,”says school nutritionist Jane Thornton. “We’ll just be more clever in how we do things.”
小题1:In the first paragraph, the author aims to tell us .| A．the large number of kids buying school lunch | | B．the average price of school lunch | | C．the school"s ways to deal with school lunch | | D．the fact of school lunch"s getting more expensive |
小题2:Many school districts raised lunch prices because .| A．there is less healthful food on the menus | | B．the cost of food has gone up | | C．kids often forget to bring lunch money | | D．some school dining-halls are serving smaller portions |
小题3:According to Paragraph 4, Savanna Mackey .| A．doesn"t like the new items on the lunch menus | | B．always enjoys foods like fresh and vegetables | | C．becomes interested in eating healthy food at home | | D．prefers eating at school to eating at home |
小题4:What can be inferred from the passage?| A．American schools solve the problem of high food prices by themselves. | | B．American schools are very concerned about their students’ health. | | C．Almost all schools are forced by the government to serve healthy foods. | | D．American childhood overweight is mainly caused by the present lunch foods. |
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小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:B |
试题分析：文章讲述的是因物价上涨，学校食堂饭菜涨价的事情。自从20004年以来，90%的美国学校都撤掉了高脂肪的午餐，改为低脂的牛奶、水果和蔬菜。
小题1:根据第一段和“This year, many schools raised lunch prices to fight raising costs.”可知，第一段主要讲的是食堂饭价上涨这件事。故选D。
小题2:根据第一段“raised lunch prices to fight raising costs...The average cost for schools to produce one meal has gone up 30 cents”可知，学校食堂涨价是为了应对物价的上涨，故选B。
小题3:根据第四段和“It makes easier to try new things at home, said Savanna Mackey”可知，Savanna Mackey现在习惯于在家吃一些牛奶、水果和蔬菜等接口食品，故选C。
小题4:根据第四段“Foods high in fat, salt and sugar have been replaced by low-fat milk, fresh fruits and vegetables.”和最后一段“Students need healthful meals to grow strong and do well in school.”可知，美国学校很关注学生的健康，故选B。 |
核心考点
试题【More than 30 million kids buy school lunch each day. This year, many schools rai】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar to the one we are living in, or it can be very . Some stories are told they were true. Real people who live in a world do real things; in other words, the stories are about people just like us doing what we do. Other stories, such as the Harry Potter books, are not . They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be for us.
But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only . How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about Harry Potter, we seem to learn something about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than . Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of . When we read or write something, we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We use our -- which is real-- and our imagination-- which is real in a different way --- to make the words come to life in our minds.
Both realism and fantasy(幻想) the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read realistic, we have to imagine that the people we are reading about are just like us, even though we that we are real and they are . It sounds , but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and about the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by 52 that what we read is like real life. In a way, we are writing the book, too.
Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose in a good story, eager to find out what will happen next. Knowing how we feel we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.
| 小题1: | | A．possible | B．easy | C．new | D．different |
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| 小题2: | | A．that | B．what | C．whether | D．as if |
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| 小题3: | | A．usual | B．normal | C．certain | D．common |
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| 小题4: | | A．realistic | B．reasonable | C．moral | D．instructive |
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| 小题5: | | A．difficult | B．impossible | C．important | D．necessary |
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| 小题6: | | A．thinkable | B．designed | C．imagined | D．planned |
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| 小题8: | | A．lessons | B．dreams | C．experience | D．magic |
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| 小题9: | | A．working | B．thinking | C．living | D．understanding |
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| 小题10: | | A．knowledge | B．skill | C．words | D．grammar |
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| 小题11: | | A．make | B．get | C．use | D．have |
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| 小题12: | | A．a newspaper | B．something | C．everything | D．a story |
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| 小题13: | | A．find | B．learn | C．know | D．hope |
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| 小题15: | | A．dangerous | B．serious | C．strange | D．terrible |
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| 小题16: | | A．talk | B．learn | C．read | D．think |
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| 小题17: | | A．telling | B．pretending | C．promising | D．guessing |
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| 小题18: | | A．mind | B．life | C．world | D．society |
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| 小题19: | | A．heart | B．time | C．money | D．ourselves |
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| 小题20: | | A．what | B．how | C．when | D．why |
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Everyone may all have the experience of feeling anxious and stressed when having a rough day or having some troubles. Different people may choose different ways to deal with it, and for most people a break for a 10-minute walk may be quite useful.
Anyway, here is another way around: to get a piece of chewing gum, and chew it. According to a Swinburne University of Technology study, gum-chewing has been found to “relieve anxiety, improve alertness(机敏性) and reduce stress among individuals in a laboratory setting.”
Some may argue that a laboratory is not the same as an office. But check out the conditions of the study: individuals were monitored while performing “a group of ‘multi-tasking’ activities.” Doesn’t it sound like the situation in the office?
Here’s a summary of some of the study’s findings:
Gum chewers showed a reduction in anxiety as compared to non-gum chewers by nearly 17 percent during mild stress and nearly 10 percent in appropriate stress.
Gum chewers showed improvement in alertness over non-gum chewers by nearly 19 percent during mild stress and 8 percent in moderate stress.
Improved Performance: Chewing gum resulted in a big improvement in overall performance on multi-tasking activities.
Although these aren’t major improvements, every little bit works and chewing a piece of gum is a lot quicker and easier than slipping outside for a 10-minute walk. So, how does gum work this magic? In part it does so by lowering the level of cortisol(皮质醇)—a steroid(类固醇) hormone that is released in response to stress in your system.
A few words of advice before you reach for the gum: don’t crack your gum, and be sure to chew it with your mouth closed. In fact, I’d say keep the gum out of meetings, because it really looks impolite to others around you.
小题1:From the study in the text we know that_________________.| A．gum chewers may lack alertness | | B．gum chewers tend to be less stressed | | C．gum chewers can finish many jobs perfectly | | D．gum chewers can reduce their anxiety and anger easily |
小题2:How does gum work to reduce stress according to the text?| A．It works by improving alertness. | | B．It works by allowing a 10-minute walk. | | C．It works by reducing one’s level of cortisol. | | D．It works by being chewed in a laboratory setting. |
小题3:Which one may the author probably agree with?| A．People should chew gum with their mouths closed in a meeting. | | B．It is impolite to chew gum in a meeting with people around you. | | C．People can crack gum freely when meeting friends. | | D．People should be careful when chewing gum at home. |
小题4:What does the text mainly talk about?| A．How to chew gum. | B．How to relieve stress. | | C．Why people love chewing gum. | D．Chewing gum can relieve stress. |
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What will people die of 100 years from now？ If you think that is not a simple question， you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine， the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents， murder and war. Today"s leading killers， such as heart disease， cancer， and aging itself， will become distant memories.
In discussion of technological changes， the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live？ Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things， and until recently， scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells， such as those of brain cells， would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100， medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so， people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine， made up of the basic building materials of life， will build new brain cells， heart cells，and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imaging that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence， but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
小题1:According to the passage， human death is now mainly caused by____ | A．diseases and aging | B．accidents and war | | C．accidents and aging | D．heart disease and war |
小题2:Humans may live longer in the future because ____ | A．heart disease will be far away from us | | B．human brains can decide the final death | | C．the basic materials of cells will last forever | | D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine |
小题3:We can learn from the passage that ____| A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future | | B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now | | C．much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life | | D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells |
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Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they’re a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional center is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasio, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains, and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasio thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choices, which we use to help the present decision making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation, so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there’s one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
小题1:According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?| A．To think about happy times. | | B．To make many decisions at a time. | | C．To stop feeling regretful about the past. | | D．To learn about the process of decision-making. |
小题2:Damasio’s study suggests that ______.| A．emotions are the enemy of decision making | | B．our brain has nothing to do with decision making | | C．people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds | | D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions |
小题3:Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?| A．They often forget their past choices. | | B．They make decisions without much thinking. | | C．They tend to save time when shopping. | | D．They are too angry to bargain. |
小题4:What do we learn from the text?| A．Emotions are a part of decision making. | | B．Sad people always make the worst choices. | | C．No emotion seems to help us make good choices. | | D．Only sad feelings affect our thinking and motivation. |
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All too often, a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource —you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.
One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that’s not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land –including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil—into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.
You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.
小题1:What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?| A．The growing demand for energy to make ethanol | | B．The increasing carbon dioxide in the air | | C．The greater need for farmland | | D．The big change in weather. |
小题2:The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ” | A．the energy benefit | B．the forest loss | | C．climate change | D．burning ethanol |
小题3:The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is . | A．impractical | B．acceptable | C．admirable | D．useless |
小题4:What does the author mainly discuss in the text? | A．Technology | B．Sustainability | | C．Ethanol energy | D．Environmental protection |
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