题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The effect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times as great as the effect of adult speech input(输入)alone, the researchers found. “Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction, ”said the study’s lead author, Frederick Zimmerman, an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles. The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child.
The UCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 months old. They represented a variety of incomes and education. The researchers found that, in an average day, children heard about 13, 000 spoken words from adults and participated in about 400 adult-child conversations a day.
Assessed separately, factors positively associated with language development included each additional 100 conversations a day and each 1, 000 words increase in the number of words spoken by adults and heard by children. When looked at alone, TV was negatively associated with language development. But, when these three factors were analyzed together, the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children.
“The more a child speaks and interacts with an adult, the better idea a parent has about where the child is”, Zimmerman said. “Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes. They’ll also tailor their speech to the child. Parents can give the children words by talking to them about what they’re doing, such as, ‘I’m putting on your pajamas now’. But give your child the opportunity to talk, hopefully without the rest of the noise in the environment, ”she added. “If parents can carve out some conversation time—maybe at bath time or at dinner time—that’s a wonderful thing. ”
小题1: The researchers also found that TV viewing .
A.could have a positive effect on a child’s language development |
B.had a little effect on a child’s language development |
C.affected a child’s language development more negatively than positively |
D.affected a child’s language development both negatively and positively |
A.parents should let their children talk most of the time |
B.children should watch TV programs selectively |
C.the conversation between parents and children should be two-way |
D.it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking |
A.parents should let a child repeat what he or she says |
B.bath time or dinner time is the best chance for parents to talk to a child |
C.parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time |
D.parents should leave a child talking alone |
A.Talk with kids, not at them |
B.Let your children voice their own opinions |
C.How to develop a child’s language ability |
D.The importance of early child language development |
A.control | B.improve |
C.pass | D.adjust |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文。研究发现, 父母和孩子之间的交谈对孩子语言的发展至关重要, 这种交谈必须是双向的、互动的。
小题1:选B。细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句“The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child. ”可知, 看电视对孩子语言的发展没有多少影响, 无论是积极的还是消极的。
小题2:选C。推理判断题。从文章第二段内容可知, Zimmerman强调父母跟孩子之间交谈的双向性和互动性才是更重要的。
小题3:选C。推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知, 父母应该随时创造跟孩子交谈的机会, 时间的选择是非常灵活的。
小题4:选A。主旨大意题。根据文章内容分析, 文章强调父母和孩子之间的交流, 而且强调交流的互动性, 因此A项符合文章的主旨。
小题5:选D。词义理解题。根据句子结构和语境分析, 此处tailor是动词, 本义是“量体裁衣”, 此处的意思是“不断调整以适应”。故答案为D。
核心考点
试题【If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researcher】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plants. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America.
The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain supports research on bananas. The group has headquarters in France and other offices in the major banana-growing areas of the world. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has said that the Cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production.
The U. N. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.
小题1:What does this passage mainly tell us?
A.Bananas are the world’s most important food crops. |
B.The risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds. |
C.There are five hundred different kinds of bananas. |
D.How to grow bananas in different countries. |
A.they grow from seeds |
B.they are one of the most valuable exports |
C.the only way to prevent it is to put chemicals on their leaves |
D.they have genetic weaknesses against disease |
A.doesn’t belong to fungal disease |
B.affects the leaves of banana plants |
C.destroys bananas more seriously than Black Sigatoka disease |
D.has spread to bananas all over the world |
A.the center of the group is in the US |
B.the Cavendish banana covers only a small part of the yield of bananas |
C.the key to solving the disease is to research all kinds of bananas |
D.each fungal disease affects five hundred different kinds of bananas |
Noah’s Ark was aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, said there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It was estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles would become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, was in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They were then trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“The nucleus transfer(核子移植)of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used)panda eggs could be a major problem,”Kraemer believed. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy(having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort, ”added Kraemer, who was one of the leaders of the project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed. ”
At present, the project has worked. The number of the pandas has increased to more than 1, 500.
小题1:The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project was to .
A.make efforts to clone the endangered pandas |
B.save endangered animals from dying out |
C.collect DNA of endangered animals to study |
D.transfer the nucleus of one animal to another |
A.available panda eggs | B.host animals |
C.qualified researchers | D.enough money |
A.China’s Success in Pandas Cloning |
B.The First Cloned Panda in the World |
C.Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas |
D.China—the Native Place of Pandas Forever |
A.Kraemer and his team had succeeded in cloning a dog |
B.scientists tried to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit |
C.Kraemer would work with Chinese scientists in clone researches |
D.about two thousand species would probably die out in a century |
Forty kilometers above the planet, the thin began to slow its fall. Six kilometers above the planet a big parachute(降落伞)opened. The landing craft fell more slowly. Then, three rocket engines . And the landing craft set down on the surface. in the Viking One Lander immediately sent a message to the earth. It said, “I am here. I am down safely. I am beginning my work. ”
The message at the speed of light. It took twenty minutes to reach the earth, more than three hundred and twenty million kilometers . Scientists and engineers at the control center .
Moments later, television receiver in the control center began to the first picture from Viking One. People at the center could see the feet of the landing craft sitting firmly on the 11 soil of Mars. Those pictures were our first look at the planet. They showed a red surface, full of rocks, with no sign of . It was our first look at a planet that is full of surprises, mysteries and promise. Viking One was launched toward Mars in August, 1975. The spaceship had two : an orbiter(轨道飞行器)and a lander(着陆器). The orbiter would circle Mars. It would take pictures of Mars’ surface. It would the atmosphere.
The would go down to the surface. It would carry to dig up and study soil and .
It also would report about any evidence of life on the planet. The lander would send this to the orbiter and then back to the earth.
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In the past 50 years alone, there have been thousands of reported sightings of similar creatures in the US, Canada, the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山地区)and even Hubei Province in China. The creature is known as bigfoot.
Bigfoot is said to be a very tall(between 2 and 4. 5 metres), ape-like(类人猿似的)creature that is covered in hair and walks upright on two legs. It is very wary(警惕的)of human beings.
Believers think bigfoot is a direct descendent(后代)of ancient gigantopithecus(巨猿). But it remains one of the planet’s undiscovered secrets. There is a little evidence(证据)to support the believers’ theory: traces of hair, footprints and body prints as well as the reported sightings. Some people have even showed what they say with photos or films of bigfoot.
But so far, no one has found bones or any other definite proof that the giant creature exists.
As a result many people believe the evidence is just part of a big trick.
The footprints are easy to make and they say: all you need to do is to make two large feet out of plaster(石膏), attach them to the bottom of your shoes and walk with big steps. As for the photos and films, they are just people dressed in ape suits.
They also say the sightings are not real, just people making mistakes. For example, bigfoot could be a bear living in the wild that sometimes stands up on its back legs.
小题1: So far what we can be sure about is that .
A.there exist savages(野人)in several places in the world |
B.there are some traces of hair, footprints and body prints of the “bigfoot” |
C.bigfoot is a direct descendent of ancient gigantopithecus |
D.all the big foot discovered have the same look |
A.1999 | B.the 1960’s |
C.the 1950’s | D.the 1940’s |
A.may fool the world into believing |
B.have definite evidences to prove |
C.refuse to believe |
D.will soon offer proofs of |
A.apes |
B.bears |
C.gigantopithecus |
D.people dressed in animal skins |
First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or hurt you.
Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be sensitive while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young.
If you are going to a place where it is privately(私人)owned, you’d better get the owner’s permission first before you start taking pictures.
Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised.
Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its moods. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat.
Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is nocturnal(夜间活动的), then you should prepare to battle not only the wild but also the darkness.
An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well equipped, have experts to back you up, and also a permit for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead.
小题1:The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is .
A.to call for us to protect animals |
B.to show where to buy pictures of animals |
C.to explain how to get along with wild animals |
D.to give us tips on taking pictures of animals in the wild |
A.Respecting the animals. |
B.Making gentle movements. |
C.Making the animals happy. |
D.Changing the flash of your camera to natural light. |
A.ask the owner to take pictures for us |
B.ask for the owner’s permission first |
C.make sure the owner is present when we take pictures |
D.take pictures when the owner is feeding animals |
A.most animals love being taken pictures of |
B.we have to finish the pictures before sunset |
C.we’d better take pictures when the animals are sleeping |
D.we should pay attention to the animals’ moods when taking pictures |
①Preparing some food to feed the animals.
②Asking experts for advice.
③Knowing the weather in the animals’ habitat.
④Getting a permission for taking pictures of wild animals.
A.①②④ | B.②③④ | C.①②③ | D.①③④ |
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