题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can"t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can"t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can"t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(辐射)and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true?
| A．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves. |
| B．Nuclear radiation can cause cancer to human beings. |
| C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses. |
| D．Nuclear radiation can be safe to human beings if its level is low. |
| A．By damaging its heart. |
| B．By killing a few cells. |
| C．By hitting any place in its body. |
| D．By killing many cells in important organs. |
| A．die of cancer after many years |
| B．die immediately |
| C．have a child who may be born weak |
| D．all of the above |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
解析
文章大意：本文向我们介绍了核能对我们健康的危害。核能对人类的健康、安全乃至生命所造成的危害可用一个单词加以概括：辐射。
小题1:B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句话可知，C项错误；由第二段最后一句话“But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. ”可知，核辐射对人类健康有害，它和一般的微波不一样，所以A、D项错误；由第三段倒数第二句话可知，B项正确。
小题2:D 推理判断题。由第三段第一句话“At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs.”可知，D项正确。
小题3:D 细节理解题。由第四段倒数后两句话可知，A、C项正确；由第三段第一句话可知，A项正确。所以选D项。
核心考点
试题【Nuclear power"s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89 0C between 1901 and 2012. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of that heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earth"s surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity (容量) to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist.
While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Earth warm enough to support life, humans" use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess (多余的) greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89 0C, but the Earth"s ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up becoming extinct.
Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding.
“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to come，” French Michel Jarraud, secretarygeneral of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference.
小题1:The underlined word “dominant” in the first paragraph means “ ________”．
| A．common | B．indirect |
| C．secondary | D．leading |
| A．Greenhouse gases have been proven to harm merely the Earth . |
| B．There is little we can do to prevent global warming. |
| C．Global warming can increase the chances of droughts and floods. |
| D．The hugeness of oceans makes them better absorbers of heat than the air. |
| A．is more harmful to smaller creatures than bigger ones |
| B．is not serious because most of the extra heat has been absorbed by the oceans |
| C．has made the Earth"s ecosystems more sensitive to changes |
| D．is likely to cause many species to become extinct |
| A．Negative. | B．Supportive. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Uninterested. |
Avocets
There are 4 different species of Avocet found around the world-Pied Avocet , Red-necked Avocet, Andean Avocet, and American Avocet. This bird is found in North and South America, Europe, and even Australia. This long-legged bird has webbed feet and an upturned, thin bill.
Bald Eagles
The bald eagle is found in wetlands and near coastlines. They have very large and broad wings, with a broad tail. The head and tail are white in color, which is the major distinguishable factor of the bald eagle. The long, hooked bill is yellow in color. They feed on fish, ducks, rabbits, geese, etc.
Eastern Bluebirds
These are around 61／2 inches in length .Such birds are found mainly in gardens woodlands, and orchards with the arrival of spring. Male Eastern Bluebirds are bright blue on the upper half and have a white belly. Female Eastern Bluebirds have a grayish head with shades of blue as well. New York and Missouri have named this creature as their state bird.
Flamingos
These pink-bodied birds with a unique beak, are generally found in large groups. The beaks are capable of removing mud before they can eat their food. Flamingos can be found in many African countries, areas of Florida, and one particular type of species is found only in the Andean highlands.
Kingfishers
There are over 90 various species of Kingfishers found in the woodland areas as well as wetlands across the world. They are excellent divers when it comes to catching fish in the rivers. Their pointed bills are what help them bag the catch. Kingfishers have good eyesight whether they are in air or underwater.
小题1:____ most probably mean the same.
| A．Bill and beak | B．Head and beak | C．Bill and belly | D．Leg and feet |
| A．Eastern Bluebirds are all blue in color. |
| B．Avocets can be found around the world. |
| C．The white head and tail make Bald Eagles distinguishable. |
| D．More Kingfishers can be found in wetlands than in the woodland areas. |
| A．Bald Eagles |
| B．Female Eastern Bluebirds |
| C．Andean Avocets |
| D．one special type of Flamingos |
| A．habitats | B．shapes | C．ability to catch fish | D．eyesight in air or under water |
In the United States, a group of California scientists is working to develop a more effective and less costly substance(物质)to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor(感受器)for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds(化合物)until they found a substance called Ethyl pyruvate. He says Ethyl pyruvate makes the mosquitoes" receptor inactive. ”When we apply Ethyl pyruvate to a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out,” said Ray.
Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons (神经元)of nose cells that recognise both the smell of human breath and skin. "With the device used to examine mosquitoes, we are able to insert a very small electrode(电极)into the part of the mosquitoes" nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening," said Tauxe.
Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT，the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.
“Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behavior control products," said Ray.
小题1:The best title for the passage is most probably _______________________________.
| A．Scientists Find New Substance to Fight Mosquitoes |
| B．A New Generation of DEET Has Been Developed to Kill Mosquitoes |
| C．Malaria一a Serious Disease Causing 630,000 Deaths |
| D．Ethyl Pyruvate一an Insect Behavior Control Product |
| A．kill the mosquitoes" smelling neurons |
| B．cause the mosquitoes to lose their sense of smell |
| C．result in the inactiveness of the mosquitoes" receptor |
| D．make the mosquitoes uninterested in human breath and skin smell |
| A．inform readers of the new development in fighting mosquitoes |
| B．praise the achievements made in the battle against malaria |
| C．introduce a cheaper product in fighting mosquitoes |
| D．tell the differences between Ethyl Pyruvate and DEET |
| A．the column of newspaper ads |
| B．the health column of a magazine |
| C．a textbook of medical schools |
| D．a collection of doctors" essays |
Firstly，there are no lessons.All the children，aged between 4 and 19，do whatever they want.There are no teachers—only “staff members”．The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn，because children want to learn anyway.“You do not need to say to a three yearold，‘Go explore your environment."You can"t stop them！” says Daniel Greenberg，a founder of the school.“But if you make children do what you want all day，they will lose all taste for learning.”
At Sudbury Valley School，you will permit children to talk，read，paint，cook，work on computers，study French，play the piano，climb trees or just run around.Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules.Every week，there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each—even the fouryearolds.They decide the school rules，how to spend the school budget，and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
When the school first opened in 1968，people said it would never work.But today，the school has 200 students，and 80%of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today.One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
小题1:What is the main topic of the article?
| A．An unusual school. | B．Children"s hobbies. |
| C．A school without rules. | D．Education in the US. |
| A．Teachers cannot teach children Well. |
| B．Children learn best when they do what they want to do. |
| C．Learning is for adults—children should only play. |
| D．Children should only learn about one thing at a time. |
| A．They love learning. |
| B．They are very naughty. |
| C．They want to be outside all the time. |
| D．They are too young to learn anything. |
| A．The older children have more power than the younger children. |
| B．A child has more power than an adult. |
| C．The younger children have more power than the older children. |
| D．Everybody has equal power. |
And yes，it"s good to get along well with your teacher because，in general，it"s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you"ll meet throughout your life.
In fact，kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more，but they"re more comfortable about asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and do their best on tests.When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school issues.
Here is a question：what if you don"t get along well with your teachers? In fact，teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn.But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突)，which can happen between any two people.If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better，he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.By dealing with a problem like this，you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.
However，if a certain teacher isn"t your favorite，you can still have a successful relationship with him or her，especially________.Here are some of those responsibilities：
Attend class ready to learn.
Be prepared for class with the right pencils，books，and completed assignments.
Listen when your teacher is talking.
Do your best，whether it"s a classroom assignment，homework，or a test.
小题1:The passage is written for________.
| A．teachers | B．advisers | C．students | D．parents |
| A．get the best scores in the exams |
| B．have more pleasant time in the classroom |
| C．have no problems with study |
| D．get a better seat in the classroom |
| A．getting along very well with classmates |
| B．the disappearance of personality differences |
| C．a better relationship between you and your teacher |
| D．the happy time you have in the classroom |
| A．if you fulfill your basic responsibilities as a student |
| B．if you are easygoing and helpful |
| C．if you know some basic social skills |
| D．if you are thought of as a good student |
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