完形填空。     Are you carrying too much on your back at school? Lots of kids at the same age are as you are.
     Not only are students in China     1     from this problem,but kids in the United States are     2     fed
up with(饱受……之苦) heavy school bags.
      Experts are starting to     3      that more and more young students are having back and neck problems
as a result of school bags     4     too heavy for them.
     "It"s hard for me to get up the     5      with my bag because it"s so heavy," said Rick Hammond,     6   
ll-year-old student in the US.
      Rick is among the students who have      7      backpacks(背包) with two straps(带子) to carry them,     8      a number of other students choose rolling backpacks.
     But even with rolling backpacks,    9    up stairs and buses with them is     10     a problem for kids.
Many of them have hurt their knees,backs or necks because of heavy school bags.
      But how much is too   11 ? Experts say students should carry     12      more than 10 to 15 percent of
their own body weight.
      Scott Bautch,a Wisconsin     13     docotor,said kids under4th grade should     14      within 10 percent. But it"s also important that older kids don"t go     15     15 percent,because their bones are still growing.
     Bautch explained that there are other injuries caused by backpacks. "Kids are     16     their balance
and falling down with these backpacks,"he said.
      Parents and teachers are starting to tell the kids to only take     17      library books they will be reading
that night.Some teachers are using worksheets (作业纸) or    18    workbooks for students to take home.
      One of the best answers is,as some     19      themselves suggested, to have no homework    20    !

(     )1. A. meeting   (     )2. A. already   (     )3. A. explain   (     )4. A. being     (     )5. A. schools   (     )6. A. this       (     )7. A. special   (     )8. A. when       (     )9. A. getting   (     )10. A. only     (     )11. A. more     (     )12. A. no       (     )13. A. children (     )14. A. carry     (     )15. A. about     (     )16. A. keeping   (     )17. A. home     (     )18. A. valuable (     )19. A. reports   (     )20. A. at all	B. facing     B. always     B. say         B. be         B. stairs     B. that       B. unusual     B. then       B. climbing   B. still       B. very       B. not         B. student     B. stay       B. under       B. missing     B. class       B. thin       B. teachers   B. after all	C. experiencing     C. yet             C. worry           C. are             C. houses           C. a               C. ordinary         C. but             C. going           C. even             C. much             C. any             C. bag             C. take             C. beyond           C. losing           C. school           C. important       C. parents         C. in all	D. suffering     D. also         D. announce     D. is           D. homes         D. an           D. regular       D. and           D. turning       D. just         D. many         D. much         D. back         D. bring         D. before       D. making       D. city         D. interesting   D. kids         D. for all
1-5: DDCAB   6-10: DDCAB  11-15:  CADBC   16-20: CABDA
The Cost of Higher Education      Individuals(个人) should pay for their higher education.      A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates eam more than non-graduates.Meanwhile,social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However,only some people have it. So the imli- vidual,not the taxpayers,should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源) of the government.  Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.      Full govemment funding(资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees.  He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the govemment.  Guaranteed salaries,Smith argued,were the enemy of hard work;and when the academics were lazy and incompetent,the students were similarly lazy.       If students have to pay for their education,they not only work harder,but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied.  If that means taking teachjng seriously,and giving less time to their own research interests,that is surely something to celebrate.          Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济) .  Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth,but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs.  If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive,you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the govemment to invest. Therefore,it is the individual,not the govemment,who should pay for their university education.
1. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.
A. taxpayers                                   B. pressing calls C. college graduates                           D. govemment resources
2. The author thinks that with full govemment funding _____.
A. teachers are less satisfied                   B. students are more demanding C. students will become more competent   D. teachers will spend less time on teaching
3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to____.
A. argue against free university education     B. call on them to finance students" studies C. encourage graduates to go into business         D. show their contribution to higher education
任务型阅读。 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
"Happiness Advantage" Effect      In July 2010 Burt"s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone"s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex ( 大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.      Burt"s Bees"s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he"d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He"d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company"s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang"s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.      That outcome shouldn"t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set (思维模式), performance on nearly every level-productivity, creativity, involvement- improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. "Once I get a promotion, I"ll be happy," they think. Or, "Once I hit my sales target, I"ll feel great. "But because success is a moving target-as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again-the happiness that results from success does not last long.      In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the " happiness advantage"-every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I"ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I"m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.      Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one"s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress-all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.
阅读表达。
The Amazon rainforest covers 2.5 million square miles. It is the largest remaining tropical forest in the world.It gets more than nine feet of rain each year.     The Amazon is in South America. Almost two-thirds of the rainforest is in Brazil but it also stretches across parts of Guyana,Venezuela,Colombia,Suriname,French Guiana,Peru,Ecuador and Bolivia.     The first Europeans to discover the Amazon were Spanish,who found it while searching for gold and silver tobring back to their king. The first people they met in the rainforest were female warriors,so Francisco de Orellanamed the river after a Greek myth about women warriors called "Amazons".    Even if the Amazon makes up only two percent of the earth"s surface area,it is where more than half of theworld"s plant and animal species are. The Amazon has 60,000 types of plants,1,000 species of birds and 300 typesof other animals. Jaguars,piranhas and pink freshwater dolphins are just a few of the animals that live in the Amazon rainforest.     Because the Amazon is so large and____,it helps the world breathe a little easier by changing carbondioxide into oxygen. The Amazon is also home to thousands of undiscovered plants and animals that might be used to cure diseases,like AIDS,one day. But uncontrolled development and forest fires are hurting the Amazon.
1. What is the best title of the sentence?  (Please answer within 5 words.) ______________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?     Brazil has the largest part of rainforest in the world. __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within     5words.) _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do you think we should protect the Amazon?  (Please answer within 30 words.) _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________
阅读理解。
ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the world"s most famous fossils (化石) - the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.      Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.      "Ethiopia"s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world," said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.      The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.      Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.      Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).
1. The author writes this text mainly to ___ .
A. introduce a few U.S. museums B. describe some research work C. discuss the value of an ape-man D. report a coming event
2. What does the words "a replica" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A painting of the skeleton. B. A photograph of Lucy C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy.
3. How many cities has Lucy"s U.S. tour plan already included?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Eleven.
4. What was the skeleton named after?
A. An ape-man. B. A song. C. A singer. D. A camp.
阅读理解。
I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby"s point of view.     Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby"s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.     It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King, who was against feeding in the night. I"ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn"t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.     Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ(智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child"s sex and age, the mother"s health and feeling style. These results don"t surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.     I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.
1. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels______.
A. sick         B. upset       C. sleepy       D. hungry
2. What does the author think about Dr King?
A. He is strict.               B. He is unkind. C. He has the wrong idea.     D. He sets a timetable for mothers.
3. The word "copper-bottomed" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. basic           B. reliable       C. surprising           D. interesting
4. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?
A. The baby will sleep well. B. The baby will have its brain harmed. C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level. D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
5. The author supports deeding the baby______.
A. in the night               B. every four hours C. whenever it wants food     D. according to its blood sugar level