题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast 1 of land if developed up to large scale production1 – unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better left alone2, he says. Renewables look attractive when they are quite 2 . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. Instead, Ausubel argues 3 renewed development of nuclear.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. Moreover, he claims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will 4 as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.
Using biofuels to obtain the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm 6 , Ausubel says. "We should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks," he adds.
Solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land 7 , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to 8 the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of Texas.
However, several experts are highly critical 9 Ausubel’s conclusions. John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that 10 the US got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. Further, it need not 11 additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of 12 buildings, he says.
According to Turner, the same "dual use" also applies to wind power6. "The footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it 13 . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the 14 . "I’m not sure I’d want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan9, but we could 15 put in wind and solar power," he adds.
小题1:A. figures B. amounts C, unmbers D. digits
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:A
小题6:D
小题7:C
小题8:B
小题9:C
小题10:A
小题11:B
小题12:D
小题13:D
小题14:A
小题15:C
解析
小题1:虽然四个选项的词（figures 数字， amounts 数量，numbers 数目，digits 数码）都是与数字有关的，在 of land 之前，要用 amounts.B 是答案。
小题2:在 "Renewables look attractive when they are quite ? . But if we start
producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible"这两个句子之间，
有个连词 But, 说明两个句子的意思相反。后一句说，如果大规模开发可再生能源，其后果
十分可怕。既然 "大规模"、"可怕"，前一句填入空格的词应该与之相反。选项 A 是 small，
正符合要求，A 是答案。
小题3:Ausubel 是不赞成大规模开发可再生能源的。"空3"后出现 nuclear, 可以合理地推论出，这是他赞同的能源。所以要选 C 的for.argue by （通过……进行争论）, argue over （就……进行争论）, argue against （争论以反对）都不符合上下文的意思。
小题4:前面一句说，Ausubel 对可再生能源、天然气和核电厂发出的电量与其占用土地
的量的比值作一比较。"空4"所在的句子说，随着风力发电、生物燃料发电和太阳能发电占
用的最好的土地逐渐用完，这个效率比值会发生什么变化呢？从 gets used up 分析，效率
比值应该变小才对。所以要选 D的 decrease.minimize （使最小化）不符合上下文的意思。
小题5:从句子的意思和词的搭配上看，填入 "空5"的词是选项 A 的 same.same…as 是
固定搭配。填入 same 之后，句子的意思也完整了，即：用生物燃料得到与 1000 兆瓦核
电厂相同的能量需要 2500 平方公里的耕地。
小题6:前文说的效率比值都是以 land 为标尺，所以这儿要选 A 的 land.
小题7:句子的意思是：按 ? 土地计算，太阳能的效率比生物燃料的效率高得多 .最适合填入的词是 C 的 used.其它三个选项 leased （租借）、cultivated （耕种）、purchased （购买）都不符合上下文的意思.
小题8:本题只能选 B 的 match （相匹配），其它三个选项，即 patch （补缀）、catch （捕捉）、fetch （取来）只是与 match 发音接近，意思与上下文不匹配。
小题9:critical 要求后接 of.C 是答案
小题10:John Turner 是反对 Ausubel 的计算方法的。从"空10"所在的句子分析， the US got all of its power from solar energy 应该是一个让步状语从句，选 A 的 even if 是对的。此外，only if （决不……除非）、what if （如果……怎么办）、as if （仿佛）的意思都与上下文搭不上，也佐证了选 A 是正确的。
小题11:本题只能选 B 的 take up （占用），因为用上 take up 后，上下文的意思就连贯了。其它三个选项，即 lock up（锁上）、give up （放弃）、step up （加紧）的意思与上下文不匹配。
小题12:句子的意思是：美国仅仅从 ? 大楼的楼顶（铺设的太阳能电池板）
中就能得到四分之一的能量。从意思连贯的角度选择，选项 D 的 existing 最符合题意。
小题13:本段第一句用了 "dual use".第二句说风力发电占用土地的百分数（土地的第一
个用途）。第二句说建有涡轮发电机的土地仍然可以用于耕种（土地的第二个用途）。"空
13"要填的动词应该是 D 的 covers （覆盖）。the land that it （指代 wind） covers, 意为 "
风力发电所覆盖的土地".
小题14:an oversimplification of the ？ ，究竟对什么过度简单化呢? 从上下文看，应该是对占用土地问题的过度简单化。选项 A 的 issue （问题）正是上下文缺失的词。stuff （材料）、summary （总结）、suggestion （建议）都不对。
小题15:句子的前半句是说不会在阿富汗建造核电站，后半句用 but 开始，说明前半句和后半句的意思相反。前半句用了 I"m not sure，后半句用选项 C 的 certainly, 与 not sure 的意思相反，是很合理的。
核心考点
试题【 Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energ】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The product, called Speed Alert, links real-time location data and speed obtained with the help of GPS(全球定位系统) to a database of posted speed limits stored in a driver’s PDA or programmable mobile phone．The setup of the product does not need to be hooked(钩住) up to a car’s speedometer．In fact, it is entirely portable．It will also work with newer phones and PDAs that have built-in GPS receivers．If a driver exceeds（超过） the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds.
Michael Paine, an Australian vehicle design engineer and traffic safety consultant, was hired to analyze the product．He told Live Science that his colleagues in the road safety field are “very enthusiastic” about what they’re now calling “intelligent speed alert.” Other research, according to Paine, shows that 40 percent of all traffic deaths involve speeding．There is also a potentially future use: “Since the system is so portable, it would be easy to make it a requirement for teenage drivers to always use a speed alert device when driving,” Paine said．“The system even has the function to record speeding violations(违背), so parents can monitor their teenage drivers.”
The product will soon go on sale in Sydney.
41．What’s the purpose of the new product_______.
A．To inform us of the new car system. B．To introduce some improvement in cars.
C．To limit certain drivers to safe driving. D．To popularize the built-in car system.
42．Lead-footed drivers refer to the ones .
A．who drive too carelessly B．that drive extremely fast
C．who are partly disabled D．that drive too slowly
43．The second paragraph mainly talks about .
A．the project of the built-in product B．why the system becomes popular
C．the functions of GPS in cars D．how the product is programmed
44．Which of the following is true of Speed Alert according to Michael Paine?
A．Most of the traffic deaths can be avoided.
B．Speeding violations can be easily found out.
C．The system will excite some teenage drivers.
D．The product will not be available for adults.
Many teachers are opposed to it．They don’t mind being evaluated．But they are upset because the results are then being posted on the Internet and accessible to millions of Internet users．On the website www. spickmich.de during the past four months students have posted evaluations of 100,000 teachers.
The teachers are graded on categories such as “motivated”, “good instruction,” “easy examinations”, or even “sexy.” Many teachers think that their privacy has been violated.
The creators of the website say that the students are only being offered the chance to provide teachers with some feedback about their classroom instruction．Bernd Dicks, who founded the website with three friends, says that the students are largely quite satisfied with their teachers．On a grading scale of one to six, the teachers’ average grade is 2.7 and it has been improving lately．He often says the impression is that students are bullying（欺负） their teachers．But there is also bullying of the students by teachers.
“Teachers must also learn to live with criticism,” he added．But still, the website is not totally immune from manipulation（操纵）, as one teacher near the northern city of Hanover recently proved．He registered himself on the website as a student and then rated his own teaching colleagues highly．Within a few days, seven of his colleagues were listed in the top 10 rankings of Germany’s best teachers.
45. Many teachers are opposed to the website because .
A．their privacy has been violated B．they are afraid of being assessed
C．their evaluations are unfair D．the results are not satisfying
46．The founders of the website intended to .
A．get the students to know their teachers better
B．conduct a survey on teachers’ performances
C．help the teachers to improve their teaching
D．change the teachers’ ways of giving instructions
47．From what the teacher in Hanover did, we can infer .
A．he intended to help his colleagues
B．there was some disadvantage of the website
C．his colleagues were more popular than him
D．he wanted to know how he was evaluated
48．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Teachers get graded by pupils B．Teachers are angry with website
C．Teachers need self-assessment D．New invention in assessing teachers
About 2,000 years ago, the world population was probably about 250 million. It reached a billion in 1850. By 1930 the population was two billion. It is now three and a half billion. It is expected to double by the year 2,000. If the population continues to grow at the same rate, there will be 25 billion in the world a hundred years from now.
Man has been using the earth’s resources more and more rapidly over the past years. Some of them are almost used up. Now many people believe that man’s greatest problem is how to control the growth of the population. The material supplies in the world will be far from enough to support the human population, in time to come, if the present rate of increase continues. Already there is overcrowding in many cities and starvation in some countries. Should man’s population keep on growing so rapidly as before? Many people believe that human survival in the future depends on the answer to this question.
59. The rapid increase in population is considered to be __________.
A. the increase of resources B. population pollution
C. the development of mankind D. the present rate
60. The world population will be _________ by the year 2,000.
A. 7 billion B. 250 million C. 25 billion D. 3.5 billion
61. If the present rate of increase continue, ________________.
A. the world is going to end
B. the earth won’t be able to support the growing population in the future
C. pollution has nothing to do with the rapidly increasing population
D. there would be four billion in the world a hundred years from now
62. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. In 1850 the world population reached a billion.
B. Man must fight a battle against population pollution.
C. The world’s population is increasing with years.
D. All of the earth’s resources are gone now.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado funnel passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure on the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the great inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain happens in thunderstorms that later produce tornadoes. So, people often shut all windows to protect their property. This may cause far worse damage later.
63. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. Where tornadoes are formed. B. When tornadoes usually occur.
C. How tornadoes can be prevented. D. Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
64. According to the passage, tornadoes can destroy building because the _____.
A. force of a tornado increases the air pressure in a building
B. air pressure at the center of a tornado is over 172,000 pounds
C. weight of a tornado can crush a building’s roof when it passes overhead
D. air pressure inside a tornado is less than the air pressure inside a building
65. According to the passage, the pressure on a building during a tornado can be reduced by _____.
A. closing the windows B. opening the windows
C. using an electric fan D. making the roof and walls stronger
Comparing the Quakes in Haiti (海地) and Chile (智利)
Overview (概要) How do the earthquakes in Chile and Haiti compare? Here, students perform a gallery walk to learn more about the earthquakes from a specific point, and then do a specific research and presentation project or response activity. Finally, they seek answers to their unanswered questions.
Materials Print copies of photographs, charts, documents and other visuals to display, as described below; computer (s) with Internet access (optional), research materials, handouts.
Warm-up Choose and prepare a “gallery” of photographs, graphics, news reports and other materials to display around the room to enable students to consider the 2010 earthquake in Chile.
Depending on course program, choose materials for the gallery that provide a window on the two quakes, through one of the following specific points, or the focus of your choice:
Earthquakes through History Putting the 2010 Chilean and Haitian quakes into historical view related to other earthquakes, including the 1960 Chilean quake and the 2004 Asian earthquake and tsunami.
Rescue and Aid Considering domestic and international response to the disasters by militaries, governments and aid organizations, including rescue and recovery as well as efforts to provide food, water, health care and shelter to those affected.
Related The article Underwater Plate Cuts 400 Mile Gash compares several earthquakes:
Mr. Lin figured that the quake on Saturday was 250 to 350 times more powerful than the Haitian quake.
But Paul Caruso noted that at least on land, the effects of the Chilean tremor (震动) might not be as bad. For one thing, he said, the quality of building construction is generally better in Chile than in Haiti. And the fact that the quake occurred offshore should also help limit the destruction. In Haiti, the rupture (断裂) occurred only a few miles from the capital, Port-au-Prince. The rupture on Saturday was centered about 60 miles from the nearest town, Chillan, and 70 miles from the country’s second-largest city, Concepción.
Read the article using the following questions.
Questions For discussion with others and reading comprehension:
How does the 2010 Chilean earthquake compare to the 1960 Chilean earthquake?
Why do scientists believe that the 2010 Chilean earthquake will not cause the same level of damage as January’s Haitian earthquake did?
How does the 2010 Chilean earthquake compare to the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?
What reasons do scientists give to explain why the Indonesian quake caused so much more damage than the recent Chilean earthquake?
64. Which of the following shows one of the reasons for slighter losses in Chile than in Haiti?
A. Position:
B. Power:
65. We can infer that the article Underwater Plate Cuts 400 Mile Gash includes ________.
A. the causes of the 2010 Chilean earthquake and the 1960 Chilean earthquake
B. the comparison between the 2010 Haitian and the 2004 Indonesian earthquakes
C. the reason for the 2010 Chilean quake being more powerful than January’s Haitian earthquake
D. the reason for less damage in the 2010 Chilean quake than in the 2004 Indonesian earthquake
66. What is the passage most likely to be?
A. A program for research. B. A guide to earthquake study.
C. An advertisement for students. D. An introduction to quakes.
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