Have you heard of the saying, “If anything is worth doing, it is worth doing well”? The proverb is a piece of advice to make effects towards perfection in whichever job one does. It could be a small task like folding up your clothes, or a major one like organizing a business meeting in your later life.
Perfection just needs paying attention to details. If it is your job to dust the furniture at home, dust it so that not a single spot of dirt shows from any direction. If your task is to make the beds, make them so that not a single crease（皱纹）shows on the bed-covers.
There are only two ways to do a job: either sloppily, or well. If you choose the latter, you need to realize that any job that qualifies as (取得…的资格)“your” work deserves your best. Perfection is an attitude that can be developed with just a little effect. It is a habit that is helpful to a person in later life. Let us prove with an example: you may be asked to turn in an essay on, for example, wildlife, for a school project. Instead of writing carelessly a few facts that you already know, you could make the project more effective by looking up a reference books, encyclopedias（百科全书）or websites for additional information. You could then go over the finished essay for slips（疏漏）and errors, and provide pictures where necessary. If you make it a habit to put in extra effort in your school homework, will it not help you to handle more difficult projects at the college or university level?
As Michelangelo, the famous 16th century sculptor and painter, once put it: Trifles（琐事）go to make perfection, and perfection is no trifle.
小题1:According to the passage, to achieve perfection is _______.| A．to realize the quality of the work | | B．to pay attention to details of one’s work | | C．to do as many jobs as possible | | D．to form the habit of doing things ahead of time |
小题2:The underlined word “sloppily” in paragraph 3 may mean _______| A．badly | B．patiently | C．carefully | D．slowly |
小题3:What can be inferred from the third paragraph?| A．It is necessary to provide pictures for your essay. | | B．Websites are the sources of information you want. | | C．Perfection is a habit that promises a good future. | | D．You should make much effort to develop perfection. |
小题4:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.| A．introduce the famous painter Michelangelo | | B．advise us to do the things that are worth doing | | C．explain to us the meaning of the perfection | | D．expect us to give our best to our work |
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小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D |
试题分析：
小题1:细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句话Perfection is nothing but attention to details可知，完美就是细节。选B
小题2:词义猜测题。这里表示做某事的两种方式，sloppily与后面well的对比，可以推测与含义相反。选A
小题3:推理判断题。第三段的It is a habit that stands one in good stead in later life（stand sb in good stead意思是“对某人有好处”）和下面的例子证明了从一开始对任何任务讲究美的话，就会对以后的生活有所帮助。选C
小题4:作者的意图。作者介绍了完美是一种态度和习惯，可以后天培养且不需要花费很大的努力，以及对任何任务讲究完美的话，就会对以后的生活有所帮助。
点评：本文告诉读者：做事时养成一种追求完美的习惯会给以后的生活带来很大的好处。集中考查细节题，考生可以先审题，再看文章，这样就可以提高阅读的速度和效率。解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 |
核心考点
试题【Have you heard of the saying, “If anything is worth doing, it is worth doing wel】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, e-mail, blogs and QQ chat offer approaches to communication— but none can replace the role of a great speech.
The spoken word can handle various important functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute (致敬), entertaining, or simply introducing someone.
Persuading is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December, 2009, persuasive words from activities encouraged them to take former action.
Inspirational speeches deal with emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people’ s hearts. Last year, during the fighting in Iraq, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.
Some speeches spread knowledge and deepen understanding. When the H1N1 flu was announced, the disease scared many people. Informtive speechs from World Health Organization (WTO) officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take necessary preventive measures.
Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna’s speech about Michael Jackson after his death showed the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.
It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be helpful in the course of our own life. You may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform others about an area of great importance. On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family gathering or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.
Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech.
小题1:The underlined word “recociling” in paragraph 3 can best be replaced by “________”| A．considering | B．questioning | C．accepting | D．settling |
小题2:The passage mentions the H1N1 flu to show the function of _______| A．persuasive speeches | B．informative speeches | | C．inspirational speeches | D．introductive speech |
小题3:The 7th paragraph mainly tells us that public speaking ______.| A．is important in world forums | | B．can help us make more friends | | C．matters more in one’s life | | D．is helpful in our daily life |
小题4:What would the writer probably talk about following the last paragraph?| A．How the speech came into being | | B．Why the public speaking is imporatant. | | C．How you can perfect your speech | | D．Why Obama often makes speeches |
小题5:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．Tips of great speeches | B．The history of the speech | | C．Functions of the speech | D．The language of the speech |
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The hole in the earth"s protective ozone layer（臭氧层）won"t repair itself until about two decades later than had been expected, scientists announced.
The ozone layer blocks more than 90 percent of the sun"s ultraviolet radiation（紫外线辐射）, helping to make life on Earth possible. For many dacades, ozone was depleted（削减） by chlorine and bromine gas in the air. A hole in the ozone layer formed over the Southern Hemisphere.
Computer models had forecast that the hole would fill back in by 2050. An improved computer model forecasts the recovery won"t occur until 2068. The model, fed with fresh data from statellites and airplanes, was supported by the fact that it accurately reproduced ozone levels in the Antarctic stratosphere（平流层）over the past 27 years.
The ozone hole is actually more of a broad region with less ozone than ought to occur naturally. It is not limited to Antarctica, as is often believed.
Over areas that are farther from the poles like Africa or the US, the levels of ozone are only three to six percent below natural levels. Over Antarctica, ozone levels are 70 percent lower in the spring. This new method allows us to more accurately estimate（估计）ozone-depleting gases over Antarctica, and how they will decrease over time, reducing the ozone hole area.
Paul Newman, a scientist,said that the ozone hole has not started to become smaller as quickly as expected. They figure it will not become much smaller until 2018, after which time the recovery should proceed more quickly. And the hole will not be filled in again until 2065.
小题1:According to the passage, the ozone layer _______| A．absorbs as much as sunlight as possible | | B．protects man against ultraviolet radiation | | C．controls the changes in temperature | | D．prevents the production of carbon dioxide |
小题2:The improved computer model is believable because _________| A．it was once proved by facts | | B．it has been studied for 27 years | | C．it was created by many scientists | | D．it is related to satellites and airplanes |
小题3:The underlined word “they” in the fifth paragraph refers to ________| A．the levels of ozone | | B．ozone-depleting gases | | C．the ozone holes | | D．the areas far from the poles |
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We often talk about ourselves as if we have permanent genetic defects （缺陷） that can never be changed．“I’m impatient．” “I’m always behind．” “I always put things 21 !” You’ve surely heard them．Maybe you’ve used them to describe 22 ．
These comments may come from stories about us that have been 23 for years—often from 24 childhood．These stories may have no 25 in fact．But they can set low expectations for us．As a child, my mother said to me, “Marshall, you have no mechanical （操作机械的） skills, and you will never have any mechanical skills for the rest of your life．” How did these expectations 26 my development? I was never 27 to work on cars or be around 28 ．When I was 18, I took the US Army’s Mechanical Aptitude Test．My scores were in the bottom for the entire nation!
Six years later, 29 , I was at California University, working on my doctor’s degree．One of my professors, Dr．Bob Tannbaum, asked me to write down things I did well and things I couldn’t do．On the positive side, I 30 down, “research, writing, analysis, and speaking．” On the 31 side, I wrote, “I have no mechanical skills．”
Bob asked me how I knew I had no mechanical skills．I explained my life 32 and told him about my 33 performance on the Army test．Bob then asked, “ 34 is it that you can solve 35 mathematical problems, but you can’t solve simple mechanical problems?”
Suddenly I realized that I didn’t 36 from some sort of genetic defect．I was just living out expectations that I had chosen to 37 ．At that point, it wasn’t just my family and friends who had been 38 my belief that I was mechanically hopeless．And it wasn’t just the Army test, either．I was the one who kept telling myself, “You can’t do this!” I realized that as long as I kept saying that, it was going to remain true． 39 , if we don’t treat ourselves as if we have incurable genetic defects, we can do well in almost 40 we choose．
| 小题2: | | A．them | B．myself | C．yourself | D．others |
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| 小题3: | | A．said | B．spoken | C．spread | D．repeated |
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| 小题4: | | A．as long as | B．as far back as | C．as well as | D．as much as |
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| 小题5: | | A．basis | B．plot | C．cause | D．meaning |
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| 小题6: | | A．lead | B．improve | C．affect | D．change |
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| 小题7: | | A．encouraged | B．demanded | C．hoped | D．agreed |
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| 小题8: | | A．means | B．tools | C．facilities | D．hammers |
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| 小题9: | | A．therefore | B．somehow | C．instead | D．however |
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| 小题10: | | A．settled | B．turned | C．took | D．got |
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| 小题11: | | A．passive | B．active | C．negative | D．subjective |
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| 小题12: | | A．experiences | B．trips | C．roads | D．paths |
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| 小题13: | | A．unexpected | B．poor | C．excellent | D．average |
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| 小题15: | | A．complex | B．advanced | C．common | D．primary |
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| 小题16: | | A．arise | B．separate | C．suffer | D．come |
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| 小题17: | | A．believe | B．suspect | C．adopt | D．receive |
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| 小题18: | | A．weakening | B．strengthening | C．abandoning | D．accepting |
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| 小题19: | | A．As a result | B．At the same time | C．In addition | D．On the contrary |
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| 小题20: | | A．anything | B．something | C．nothing | D．all |
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Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia（痴呆） in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones（荷尔蒙） , U．S．researchers reported on Thursday．
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s（早老痴呆症）．University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans．“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy（***） are protecting the brain, including estrogen（雌激素）, which we know has many neuroprotective （保护神经的） effects,” Kinsley said．
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview．“They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes．” Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline．
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida．
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain．If you look at female animals that have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young．But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations（改变） to the brain．”
小题1:How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?| A．Some researchers have told them． | | B．Many women say so． | | C．They know it by experimenting on rats． | | D．They know it through their own experience． |
小题2:What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?| A．Baby rats． | B．Animals． | C．Old rats． | D．Grown-up rats． |
小题3:What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?| A．Estrogen． | | B．The hormones of pregnancy． | | C．More exercise． | | D．Taking care of children． |
小题4:“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals．” What does the sentence suggest?| A．The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans． | | B．The experiments on the rats are very important for animals． | | C．The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans． | | D．The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals． |
小题5:Which title is the best for this passage?| A．Do You Want to Be Smarter? | | B．Motherhood Makes Women Smarter | | C．Mysterious Hormones | | D．An Important Study |
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Human wants seem endless, When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, he dreams of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.
The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.
The first and most basic level of wants is food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as cars and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels mean physical satisfaction—the feeding, comfort, safety and transportation of the human body—this level means mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness, It includes a variety of goods and services many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.
On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level probably would be wants that can be achieved by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes and crime. After filling our stomachs, our garages, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health and safety to enjoy more fully the good things on the first three levels.
小题1:According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when _______| A．he has saved up enough money | | B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter | | C．he has satisfied his hunger | | D．he has learned to build houses |
小题2:It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II most Americans ______| A．were very rich | | B．were very poor | | C．Had the good things on the first three levels | | D．didn’t own cars |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?| A．A successful career | B．A comfortable house | | C．A good service | D．A family car |
小题4:Which is the main want of man on the fourth level?| A．The more goods, the better | | B．The more mental satisfaction, the better | | C．The more “luxury” items, the better | | D．The more earning, the better |
小题5:The author thinks that a fifth level______| A．would be a little better than the fourth level | | B．may be a lot more desirable than the first four | | C．can be the last and most satisfying level | | D．will come true if the government takes actions |
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