题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.
The first and most basic level of wants is food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as cars and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels mean physical satisfaction—the feeding, comfort, safety and transportation of the human body—this level means mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness, It includes a variety of goods and services many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.
On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level probably would be wants that can be achieved by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes and crime. After filling our stomachs, our garages, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health and safety to enjoy more fully the good things on the first three levels.
小题1:According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when _______
A.he has saved up enough money |
B.he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter |
C.he has satisfied his hunger |
D.he has learned to build houses |
A.were very rich |
B.were very poor |
C.Had the good things on the first three levels |
D.didn’t own cars |
A.A successful career | B.A comfortable house |
C.A good service | D.A family car |
A.The more goods, the better |
B.The more mental satisfaction, the better |
C.The more “luxury” items, the better |
D.The more earning, the better |
A.would be a little better than the fourth level |
B.may be a lot more desirable than the first four |
C.can be the last and most satisfying level |
D.will come true if the government takes actions |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:B
解析
试题分析:
小题1:C 细节题。根据第三段1,2行The first and most basic level of wants is food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter说明食物的需要满足以后,人们就会有衣服和房子的要求。故C正确。
小题2:D 推理题。根据第三段By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as cars and new houses.说明在二战结束的时候,服装和房子等需求得到了满足,新的需要出现了,比如汽车和新的房子。那么说明在二战结束的时候,人们还没有汽车。故D正确。
小题3:A 推理题。physical satisfaction指物质上的满足。四个选项中BCD都属于物质上的满足,只有A项属于自我价值的实现,故A正确。
小题4:B 推理题。根据倒数第二段On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods.说明在这一阶段人们要的是精神层次方面的满足。故B正确。
小题5:B 推理题。根据文章最后一段说明第五个层次的需要的层次要比前四种需要的层次更高。故B正确。
点评:文章解释了与马斯洛的需要层次相似的理论。当低层次的物质需要得到满足以后,人们会追求更高层次的物质要求。物质方面的要求得到满足以后,会追求精神方面的满足。
核心考点
试题【Human wants seem endless, When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think ab】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Dottie Pownall, a fifth-grade teacher in West Virginia, USA, has been using balls as chairs since December 2008. “The students love them”, she says. Pownall took a survey(调查) of her students. She found that 80% of the students thought sitting on the balls helped them pay more attention to what they were learning.
The teacher, Pisa Witt, felt so strongly about the use of balls as chairs, she started Witt Fitt. This company encourages the use of the balls. And the company educates not only teachers but also students on how to use them. “Our products are used in 24 states, three provinces in Canada, Puerto Rico (波多黎各) and Japan,” says Witt, “ Research shows that sitting on the balls makes them sit up straighter(直的). You can slouch(低头垂肩地坐)on a ball,” says Witt, “but it feels bad.” Because the students are moving, their blood (血液) increases. That carries more oxygen( 氧气) to the brain , so the kids have more energy and can pay attention longer.
“Besides, they’re fun.” says Pownall.
小题1:What will happen if a student sits on a chair all day in school? The student will_________.
A.pay more attention to his lessons | B.be fun |
C.like to move around | D.sit up straighter |
A.About four years. | B.Only one year. |
C.In 2008. | D.Since he was a fifth-grade teacher. |
A.Four. | B.Three. | C.Two. | D.One. |
A.improve the students’ posture and attention |
B.slouch on the chairs |
C.have fun |
D.Both A and C are correct answers |
A.Sitting on a chair. | B.Sitting on a ball. |
C.They are the same. | D.We don’t know. |
Now more water is needed. The problem is: can we avoid a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how to save water. Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it. Scientists have always been making study in this field. Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers. But it can be used again. Even if every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next?
The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive, but it’s already in use in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see, if we can find a way out, we’ll be in no danger of drying up.
小题1:The world is thirsty because ___________.
A.3/4 of the earth is covered with water |
B.we have enough sea water |
C.we haven’t used all the water in rivers and lakes |
D.about 97% of water on the earth can’t be drunk or used for watering plants directly |
A.3% of drinkable water on the earth is from rivers and lakes. |
B.75% of water on the earth is in the sea. |
C.97% of the earth is covered with water. |
D.3% of water on the earth is sea water. |
A.if every city reuses its water, we’ll be in no danger of drying up |
B.man can only drink and use about 25% of water on the earth |
C.today in most large cities water is used only once |
D.water can be used only once |
The researchers tested the relationship between the number of childhood moves and well-being in a sample of 7108 American adults who were followed for 10 years.
“We know that children who move frequently are more likely to perform poorly in school and have more behavioral problems,” said the study’s lead author Shigehiro Oishi. “However, the long-term effects of moving on well-being in adulthood have been overlooked by researchers.”
The study’s participants, who were between the ages of 20 and 75, were contacted in 1994 and 1995 and were surveyed again 10 years later. They were asked how many times they had moved as children, as well as about their psychological well-being, personality type and social relationships.
The researchers found that the more times people moved as children, the more likely they were to report lower life satisfaction and psychological well-being at the time they were surveyed. The research also showed that those who moved frequently as children had fewer quality social relationships as adults.
The researchers also looked to see if different personality types affected frequent movers’ well-being. Among introverts, the more moves participants reported as children, the worse off they were as adults. “Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to keep long-term close relationships.” Said Oishi. “This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily.”
The findings showed neurotic people who moved frequently reported less life satisfaction and poorer psychological well-being than people who did not move as much and people who were not neurotic. However, the number and quality of neurotic people’s relationships had no effect on their well-being, no matter how often they had moved as children. In the article, Oishi thinks this may be because neurotic people have more negative reactions to stressful life events in general.
“We can guess that moving often creates more stress,” Oishi said. “But we need more research on this link before we can conclude that moving often in childhood can, in fact, be dangerous to your health in the long-term.”
小题1:What can be learnt about the new study from the passage?
A.The participants were from all over the world. |
B.It was carried out in two periods of time. |
C.The participants were mostly old people. |
D.The participants had poor health. |
A.To show the relationship between moving and performance in school |
B.To show the relationship between moving and well-being |
C.To investigate Americans’ well-being in general |
D.To research the personality types of Americans |
A.moving a lot is a serious problem for outgoing people |
B.moving probably makes some people feel worried and tense |
C.moving frequently is likely to help people make more friends |
D.moving often is dangerous to people’s health in the long-term |
A.the process of the study |
B.the results of the study |
C.the importance of the study |
D.the theory of the study |
A.adults should take more care over their kids |
B.neurotic people are likely to move frequently |
C.children who move frequently behave well in school |
D.personality types are related to frequent movers’ happiness |
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy.
Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P.O. Box 19199
1000 G. D.
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Greenpeace
Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear(核) power.
Greenpeace International
Keizergracht 176
1016 DW Amsterdam
The Netherlands
BirdLife
INTERNATIONAL
BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world.
BirdLife International
Wellbrook Court
Girton Road
Cambridge CB3 ONA
England
WWF
WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species.
Information Officer
WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc
1196 Gland
Switzerland
小题1:If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can .
A.call them | B.write them a letter | C.visit them | D.send them an e-mail |
A.Overhunting ocean animals | B.Killing endangered birds |
C.Heavy air pollution | D.Global warming |
A.Friends of the Earth | B.World Wide Fund For Nature |
C.Greenpeace | D.BirdLife International |
A.It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals |
B.It is the world’s largest international organization |
C.It works for private companies and rich people |
D.It is a private organization in the United States |
A.Environmental protection organizations | B.Global traffic problems |
C.Endangered animals | D.Natural beauty |
Mushrooms are expensive and can also go bad very quickly. Mushrooms can also be grown easily in a dark environment. In fact it’s better than growing other vegetables since you really don’t need an outdoor space. A special type of soil that is good for growing mushrooms is easily available.
Actually mushrooms aren’t even vegetables; they are fungi(菌类) and for this reason, you don’t even require sunlight to grow them. Well how does one go about growing mushrooms? You could always Google “growing mushrooms” and you will find a number of mushroom growing kits(工具) available online that area effective and not very expensive either.
Mushrooms can be added to any dish that you cook. Simply use them in pizzas, salads and anything that you pretty much fancy. Grow mushrooms in your own house and use them whenever you want. Fresh mushrooms are tastier than the ones that are stored in your refrigerator.
If you have had a really good crop of mushrooms, then you can even store them. Ideally you should use the white variety of the mushrooms. Simply pick them, slice them and put them on a cookie sheet in a freezer. When they area frozen, just put them in a zip lock and you can use them when you want to. They give a really great taste to the dish that you are making. Thaw them before you use them.
You should try growing mushrooms, since it’s cost-effective. Furthermore, you can eat the fresh mushrooms any time that you want.
小题1: What is an advantage of growing vegetables according to the passage?
A.You can eat all kinds of vegetables |
B.You are lucky to eat what you like |
C.You can save lots of money |
D.You can satisfy your desire |
A.they can be grown where there is no light |
B.they can grow well in an outdoor space |
C.it is easy for them to go bad in a few days |
D.they can grow without soil |
A.mushrooms are not vegetables |
B.Internet helps us a lot |
C.mushrooms are available online |
D.it is easy to grow mushrooms |
a. put them on a cookie sheet in the refrigerator
b. place frozen mushrooms in a zip lock
c. cut them into slices
d. choose the white mushrooms
A.a-b-c-d | B.d-c-a-b | C.a-d-c-b | D.d-a-c-b |
A.It is easy and fun to grow mushrooms |
B.We should eat more fruit and vegetables |
C.Mushrooms online are very expensive |
D.Mushrooms—tasty and healthy vegetables |
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