Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time in which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.
小题1:The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .| A．the length of a group of words. | | B．lighting and tiredness. | | C．one’s familiarity with the text. | | D．one’s purpose in reading. |
小题2:The author may believe that reading ______.| A．demands an deeply-participating mind. | | B．demands more mind than eyes. | | C．requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation. | | D．requires a reader to see words more quickly. |
小题3:What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second paragraph?| A．The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading. | | B．The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words. | | C．The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted. | | D．The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see or comprehend words. |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading. | | B．The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text. | | C．The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. | | D．Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training. |
小题5:The tune of the author in writing this article is ________.| A．pessimistic | B．optimistic | C．critical | D．neutral |
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小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:C |
试题分析：
小题1:.判断题。第一段It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
可知注视的持续时间长短，人与人之间是不同的，跟一个人的阅读目的、对材料的熟悉程度、光线、疲劳度均有关系。故选A
小题2:细节题。从第二段Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training可知阅读是需要理解单词之间关系的能力，许多的专家也开始质疑那种纯粹在视觉跨度内训练接受更多单词的方法，故通过排除法选A，阅读需要一种深度理解的思维。
小题3:推断题。从本句的句意及上下文的理解可知，提高人们看单词的能力只是一方面，它与提高人们有效阅读的能力是完全不同的。可知这些阅读练习并不能帮助提高有效的阅读能力。文中并没有讲到这些阅读练习已经对提高看单词的能力有了很大的帮助。故选A
小题4:判断题。从最后一句可知，很多专家开始质疑这些眼力训练的无用性，尤其是因为任何训练一个人如何来阅读孤立单词和短语的方法都将视为不可能帮助他理解整个文章。可知答案B不正确。
小题5:推断题。同样从最后一句可知，作者的观点是批判的，故选C
点评：文章较难，本文主要说明了传统阅读训练的方法只重在提高视觉跨度内接受更多单词的能力，而这种训练在作者看来是一中徒劳，是一种误导，因为阅读需要的是理解单词之间关系的能力。文章长句子较多，给理解造成了一定障碍，学生在答题时要结合题目和文章一起进行理解作者意思，最终得出合情合理的答案。 |
核心考点
试题【Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move acros】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn’t move. What was the 1 was that he found himself unable to ask for help—his mobile phone went out of 2 as a result of exhausted battery (无电) . Nothing could be done but to 3 in cold wilderness (荒野). It was eight hours later that day broke, and then 4 of the rescue (援救).
It is almost 5 that he could stand （忍受）the horror in the darkness for so long. Even more surprising was his 6 : “First of all, I checked up my 7 conditions and found myself not in mortal (致命的) danger. As there was no 8 to call for help, I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from 9 . In this way I dozed (瞌睡) off.”
His story put an end to my regret (遗憾) for the 10 of an exploration adventure (探险) that happened last year. A group of young men 11 to explore a mountain cave and got lost. 12 to find a way out in the dark cave they were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of 13 . Finally they felt dead in fear and exhaustion. According to the 14 people that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the 15 of the cave. If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to 16 themselves, they would probably sense a faint light glimmering (闪烁) not far away.
Don’t you think you can compare it with 17 itself? When you meet with difficulty in life and work, you are lost in darkness. 18 you it’s unclear yet and you needn’t put up struggle 19 . It seems to be a negative （消极）attitude, 20 a person who can afford to do so must have foresight (远见) as well as a great courage in the first place.
| 小题1: | | A．hopeless | B．worst | C．more | D．best |
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| 小题2: | | A．service | B．way | C．control | D．work |
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| 小题4: | | A．delay | B．success | C．team | D．arrival |
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| 小题5: | | A．untrue | B．unimaginable | C．true | D．useless |
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| 小题6: | | A．plan | B．decision | C．explanation | D．excuse |
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| 小题7: | | A．physical | B．mental | C．working | D．medical |
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| 小题8: | | A．energy | B．way | C．tools | D．strength |
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| 小题9: | | A．rotting | B．spreading | C．hurting | D．bleeding |
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| 小题10: | | A．loss | B．failure | C．disappointment | D．sadness |
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| 小题11: | | A．had | B．managed | C．tried | D．meant |
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| 小题12: | | A．Willing | B．Unable | C．Determined | D．Deciding |
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| 小题13: | | A．hearing | B．sight | C．feeling | D．direction |
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| 小题14: | | A．rescue | B．village | C．local | D．brave |
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| 小题15: | | A．end | B．top | C．opening | D．side |
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| 小题17: | | A．adventure | B．work | C．life | D．mankind |
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| 小题18: | | A．Mind | B．Watch | C．Imagine | D．Warn |
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| 小题19: | | A．really | B．immediately | C．carefully | D．hopefully |
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Wendy Gallegos writes “concer” on the board. One of her students raises her hand.
“Ms. Gallegos, you should have written ‘conocer’ instead,” she said, referring to the Spanish verb for “to know.”
Gallegos looks at the board, smiles and quickly erases her mistake.
“You see, I have taught you so well, you pick up on my mistakes,” she said with a laugh.
To Gallegos, the scene in her classroom is typical（特有的）of the children she teaches. Gallegos teaches high school Spanish. She became part of their lives and families for three years. She is willing to help her children succeed. After a couple of years, Gallegos’ class becomes like home. Gallegos’ Spanish class is taught mostly in English in sixth grade. By the time the students are eighth-graders, they are speaking fewer words of English and more of Spanish during the 50-minute classes.
“My goal is to get my kids to say something in Spanish every day,” she said, “I want them to be able to talk to me. That’s why I help them, I praise them, I recognize them when they do good work. And we have fun. The day I stop having fun is the day I am going to consider a different job.’’
If a student needs help, Gallegos offers the student a “lifesaver,” which is help from a classmate. The lifesaver gets a piece of candy as a reward. As the students said: “Gallegos’ class is anything but boring.” It is because of Gallegos’ efforts and determination that she is the teacher who they think is most deserving of one of Collier County’s Golden Apple Awards.
“I don’t teach a subject, I teach kids. This is what I was born to do,” Gallegos said.
小题1:The scene（情景）in Gallegos’ class is mentioned at the beginning of the passage to ____.| A．show Gallegos, as a teacher, makes a mistake | | B．tell teachers can help students correct mistakes. | | C．show her good teaching method in daily class | | D．point out the students’ impolite behavior in class |
小题2:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 implies that_____.| A．having fun is Gallegos’ goal in hunting jobs. | B．Gallegos likes her job very much | | C．Gallegos is considering changing her job | D．teaching Spanish will not last long |
小题3:What made Gallegos get Golden Apple Award?| A．Her interesting class. | B．Her determination in study. | | C．Rewarding her students with prizes. | D．Her efforts made to teach kids. |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．This is what I was born to do | B．Golden Apple Awards | | C．Spanish classes with fun | D．How to get along with kids |
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Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. Barry Brown: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of "garbage in garbage out".”
Mister Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. Barry Brown: “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.” It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.
小题1:In Paragraph 2, Mr. Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to _____________.| A．build up his own reputation | | B．laugh at his stupid friend | | C．prove the GPS system is only garbage | | D．describe an example of human error |
小题2:With which of the following statement would Barry Brown most likely agree?| A．GPS units are to blame for the most GPS service failures. | | B．We should introduce higher standard for the driving license. | | C．Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems. | | D．Drivers, GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems. |
小题3:What is Mr. Brown’s attitude towards GPS?| A．Unconcerned | B．Prejudiced | C．Objective | D．Critical |
小题4:What would be the best title for the text?| A．driving with GPS can be difficult | | B．driving confusions can be caused by small screen | | C．driving without GPS should be much more convenient | | D．GPS equipment in driving: to be deserted or improved? |
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“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
小题1:John Sauven holds that________________.| A．many people value nature too much | | B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful | | C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities | | D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong |
小题2:What is the main idea of Para. 3?| A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. | | B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. | | C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. | | D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally. |
小题3:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?| A．Objective. | B．Disapproving. | C．Sceptical. | D．Optimistic. |
小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion |
Nowadays it is found that school students seldom pay much attention to sports. Is it because they have no 32 in sports? It may not be the fact. They often say they have 33 more important things to do.
34 are these important things? Examinations! They have to 35 themselves for the most important School Certificates of Education Examination（毕业会考）, and also to 36 with the test and the exams in school. So many of them tend to 37 bookworms.
In the summer holidays of the former years they could do 38 they liked, but in the summer holidays of the 39 years, they have to 40 all their time to the preparation. So studies have 41 them from going in sports.
Because of the pressure 42 their parents and teachers, they have to work harder and spend most of their time on books. Many parents 43 their children to pass this examination in order to get a stepping stone for higher studies or better jobs. As for the 44 themselves, they want to get good results so that they can 45 their studies in the universities. So it is necessary that they 46 up their school activities, especially sports.
Indeed, a complete education cannot go 47 physical training, for a quick mind seldom 48 along with a weak body. It is well said, “All work no play 49 Jack a dull（迟钝的）boy.” In one word, without a strong body, you can never 50 anything, let alone a great success in 51
| 小题1: | | A．lesson | B．time | C．interest | D．place |
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| 小题3: | | A．Where | B．How | C．Which | D．What |
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| 小题4: | | A．prepare | B．get | C．make | D．ask |
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| 小题5: | | A．agree | B．fight | C．work | D．deal |
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| 小题6: | | A．have | B．become | C．change | D．grow |
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| 小题7: | | A．something | B．change | C．anything | D．which |
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| 小题8: | | A．this | B．that | C．last | D．present |
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| 小题9: | | A．spend | B．take | C．cost | D．give |
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| 小题10: | | A．separated | B．divided | C．taken | D．prevented |
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| 小题13: | | A．students | B．teachers | C．parents | D．examinations |
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| 小题14: | | A．develop | B．improve | C．further | D．stop |
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| 小题16: | | A．for | B．after | C．with | D．without |
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| 小题17: | | A．goes | B．gets | C．lives | D．lies |
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| 小题18: | | A．turns | B．makes | C．gets | D．brings |
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| 小题19: | | A．receive | B．achieve | C．do | D．accept |
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| 小题20: | | A．sports | B．exams | C．training | D．life |
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