题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being learned, and others will disappear. This is called the “babbling stage”.
A child does not learn the language “all at once”. The child first speaks only one-word “sentences”. After a few months, the two-word stage arises. During this stage, the child puts two words together. These two-word sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships. Still later, in the telegraphic stage, the child will produce longer sentences. These longer sentences are mainly made up of content words. The child’s early grammar lacks many of the rules of the adult grammar, but gradually it will become perfect.
All normal children everywhere learn language. This ability is not dependent on race, social class, geography, or even intelligence (智力). This ability is uniquely (独特的) for human.
小题1:This passage is mainly about ___________.
| A．differences between a child’s language and an adult’s |
| B．ways of teaching babies to talk |
| C．children’s learning of the mother language |
| D．the importance of learning foreign languages |
| A．raise them from the ground |
| B．learn them without much effort |
| C．use hands to help carry them |
| D．study very hard and remember them |
| A．can only produce sound |
| B．learn to work without falling over |
| C．can understand people’s talk |
| D．begin to produce two-word sentences |
| A．are simpler than those produced in the “babbling stage” |
| B．are much more difficult than those produced in the telegraphic stage |
| C．are strictly grammatical |
| D．are meaningful and have function |
| A．well-educated | B．clever enough |
| C．unique | D．physical normal |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:D
解析
试题分析：本文主要讲述了孩子学习母语的步骤，任何一个孩子学习母语都是最容易的，文章具体分析了其步骤。
小题1:C 主旨大意题。根据文章2,3,4段中孩子学习母语的步骤“babbling stage”和telegraphic stage可知本文主要是关于孩子学习母语的过程步骤，故C正确。
小题2:B 推理题。根据本句No one teaches them; children just “pick them up”.说明没有人教孩子怎么说母语，孩子没有花什么努力就学会了，故该词是指无意中学会。故B正确。
小题3:A 细节题。根据文章第二段Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being learned, and others will disappear. This is called the “babbling stage”.说明在“babbling stage”孩子只能发出声音，故A正确。
小题4:D 细节题。根据第三段3,4行the child puts two words together. These two-word sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships.说明这样的两个字有意思也有作用。D正确。
小题5:D 细节题。根据文章最后一段第一句All normal children everywhere learn language说明任何一个正常的孩子都可以学会母语。故D正确。
点评：本文主要讲述了孩子学习母语的步骤，本文细节题居多，答题时在文章找到对应的地方，用笔进行标记，这有利于后期有时间检查时可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔细理解作者所讲的意思，再结合选项，通过排除法和自己对全文的把握，选出正确答案。
核心考点
试题【When children learn a language, they learn the grammar as well as words or vocab】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Professor Falfan worked with a group of 9 disabled children at school in Albert. Two of the children were blind. The other seven had normal sight. The scientists changed the color of the school room, then looked for changes in blood pressure, heart beat and breathing rate. The effects of color changes were the same for the blind children as for those with normal sight. Their blood pressure dropped from about 120 to 100. Similar changes were reported in heart-beat and the breathing. The children also were calmer and less excited. Then the colors of the room were returned to orange and white. Blood pressure, heart-beat and breathing rate went up and the children became excited again.
Professor Falfan said different colors produce different levels of light energy. He said the differences seem to affect chemicals in the brain that carry messages from nerve to nerve and from nerve to muscle.
小题1:Light and color can affect________.
| A．only one’s feelings and emotions |
| B．one’s energy |
| C．one’s mental changes |
| D．one’s heart-beat, brain activities, blood pressure, feelings and emotions |
| A．the chemicals in the brain | B．the eyes |
| C．the skin | D．the muscle |
| A．calm | B．active | C．sick | D．blind |
| A．orange to white | B．orange and white to dark blue |
| C．orange and white to pink or some other colors | D．gray to more colors |
| A．blind people can be affected by colors, too |
| B．one’s heart will beat fast in a colorful room than in a white room |
| C．the chemicals in the brain change with feelings and emotions |
| D．if one’s blood pressure drops, his breathing will get slower and slower |
Now a US researcher had found there may be more in crying than we think. William H. Frey II, author of “Crying: The Mystery of Tears,” believes it may really be one of the body’s clever self-repair mechanisms. Crying may be a way of getting rid of the by-products of stress, he says.
He has found that tears contain some chemicals which can cause stress. One of these is the hormone prolactin (激素), which is set free when one is feeling stressed. Since women have more of this than men, that might explain why they usually cry more, he suggests.
Unsurprisingly, Dr Frey’s study seemed to prove that most people feel better after a good cry. And sex has nothing to do with it ––– the result was true for women and men. So, next time you feel like bursting into tears, go ahead. If Dr Frey is right, you’ll be doing yourself a favour.
小题1:The best title of this passage would be ________.
| A．Why Do We Cry | B．Crying and Tears. |
| C．Dr Frey and Crying. | D．Tears and Chemicals |
| A．crying is one of our habits |
| B．we can’t control it |
| C．crying is one of the body’s self-repair mechanisms |
| D．we can get the by-products of stress by crying |
| A．their bodies contain less hormone prolactin |
| B．their tears contain more chemicals |
| C．they are not so full of feelings as women |
| D．the chemicals in their tears can’t cause stress |
| A．to plan to cry very often |
| B．not to cry any more |
| C．to go outdoors without hesitation |
| D．to cry as we want to |
| A．Good cries can make most people feel better |
| B．Only women can feel better after crying. |
| C．It is easy to understand that people feel better after a good cry. |
| D．Crying is sometimes impossible to resist. |
However，it"s good for schools and teachers to know via the website the reasons why students skip classes，according to Professor Xiao Haitao from Shenzhen University: Xao pointed out that some`students skip classes because of laziness.Others play truant because the teaching is truly dissatisfactory,“Universities can seek improvements to give a cure to the class-skipping problem，”said Xiao.
Chen Yang，21，thinks that he is “forced" to skip some courses because of the poor teaching. the senior，majoring in English at Yangtze University, thinks that he"s wasting time in the classroom when the teacher reads the textbook word for word or hands him outdated reading materials. He would rather skip classes to study in the library, watch online videos of Harvard or Yale lectures，or sit in on(旁听）other courses he is interested in. Chen draws a clear line between himself and those who skip classes in order to get more sleep or fool around on campus. He emphasized：“I skip classes with a clear goal，which is to probe into areas I"m interested in and broaden my horizons.”
Li Sicen，President of the National Taiwan University，seems to be on Chen"s side. Li claimed that he supported those students who skip classes for good reasons.
However，Professor Xiao warns students that Li is not giving permission for students to skip classes. Xiao suggests that Li was just showing his understanding of truancy in a limited number of cases.
In Professor Pan Cuiqiong"s opinion，students tend to jump to the conclusion that a certain course is boring and useless. "To clear students" misunderstanding，teachers should use materials closely related to students’lives and adapt interactive teaching methods，”said Pan.
Besides offering teachers more training，schools also need to give students different optional courses and ensure that they can attend the courses they are interested in，according to Professor Xiao. Many Chinese students have the experience of being kicked out of an optional course because its size is limited. They are then forced to choose courses they dislike and are likely to skip them. We may learn from Sydney University in Australia. There aren"t any problems with numbers---if a course is popular then there will be more than one class per week.
小题1:The underlined word“rebels" in Paragraph 1 refers to
| A．students who embarrass their universities |
| B．students who establish websites |
| C．students who skip classes |
| D．students who quarrel with their parents |
| A．his school is more student-centered |
| B．he wants to get more sleep |
| C．he wants to fool around on campus |
| D．the teaching style needs much improvement |
| A．is giving permission for students to skip classes |
| B．thinks it"s embarrassing for the three students to establish ltaoke. com |
| C．thinks the website will help to know why students skip classes |
| D．claimed that he supported those students who skip classes for good reasons |
| A．Teachers should adopt practical materials and flexible teaching methods. |
| B．Schools should offer teachers more training: |
| C．Schools need to ensure that students can attend various courses they are interested in. |
| D．Students should be punished if they skip classes. |
In 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India．In order to reduce fraud（诈骗）, he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay．This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints．In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system．Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (优生学家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called "Fingerprints", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system—the first existence．
Around the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system．In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas" exactly．She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy（指纹鉴定法）. It"s still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．
Sir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon"s technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world．
小题1:Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to_____．
| A．develop a fingerprinting system | B．prevent illegal business |
| C．put them on pieces of clay | D．collect and study fingerprints |
| A．Herschel． | B．Faulds． | C．Gallon． | D．Darwin． |
| A．the fingerprints | B．the two boys | C．the crimes | D．the police officers |
| A．Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan |
| B．Henry"s classification system is based on Gallon"s |
| C．Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints |
| D．Vucetich"s fingerprinting system is still used all over the world |
| A．Different uses of fingerprints． |
| B．The history of fingerprinting． |
| C．Countries that first used fingerprints． |
| D．The way to collect and analyze fingerprints． |
Water from deep below the ground at Japan"s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity．
Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal（地热的） technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation．
"Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy," said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production．
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan"s energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent．
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs．
For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power．
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories．Another problem is that Japan"s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden．
"We can"t even dig 10cm inside national parks．" said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow．
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, "Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project．We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term．"
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, US, believed Japan could produce 80,000 megawatts（兆瓦）and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology．
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share．In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world"s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand．
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Alternative energies in Japan |
| B．World"s largest geothermal plant |
| C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology |
| D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy |
| A．About 8%． | B．Below 1%． | C．Around 30%． | D．Over 80%． |
| A．a change of rules | B．financial support |
| C．local people"s help | D．high technology |
| A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji | B．Hideaki Matsui |
| C．Shigeto Yamada | D．Yoko Ono |
| A．the world"s biggest geothermal plant was built by America |
| B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology |
| C．the potential of Japan"s geothermal energy is great |
| D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan |
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