题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
As children grow, develop, and move into early adolescence, contacts with one"s peers and the attraction of peer identification (认同)increases. As pre-adolescents begin rapid physical, emotional and social changes, they begin to question adult standards and the need for parental guidance. They find it good to turn for advice to friends who understand— friends who are in the same position themselves. By trying new things and testing their ideas with their peers, there is less fear of being laughed at.
There are two levels of peer pressure. The first is in the large group: for most teens a school or a youth group are examples. This is the situation that gets the most attention. The second is in the close relationship with one or several best friends. This is the situation that is sometimes disregarded. The large group puts a general pressure on its members. It sets the standard for clothing, music, entertainment, and "political correctness". The pressure can be avoided by keeping quiet or by putting on the appearance of agreement.
小题1:Why can’t some children follow their common sense?
| A．Because they want to be liked by everybody. |
| B．Because they don’t want to make fun of others. |
| C．Because they are curious about their new friends. |
| D．Because they think all the children will do the same. |
| A．Parents | B．Teachers | C．Friends | D．Classmates |
| A．unnoticed | B．mentioned | C．disagreed | D．avoided |
| A．The reasons of peer pressure. |
| B．The advantages of peer pressure. |
| C．Peer pressure from close friends. |
| D．Peer pressure from a youth group. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：本文讲述的是在青少年的成长过程中，他们的同龄人对他们有很大的影响。文章里分析了具体的原因以及两种不同种类的同龄人的影响。
小题1:D 推理题。根据文章第一段最后一句The idea that "everyone"s doing it" may influence some kids to leave their better judgment, or their common sense, behind. 可知"everyone"s doing it“每个人都会这样的事情”的想法会影响孩子忘记常识。故D正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据文章第2段3,4行They find it good to turn for advice to friends who understand— friends who are in the same position themselves.可知很多孩子都会向他们的朋友征询建议。故C正确。
小题3:A 猜测词义题。根据本句The second is in the close relationship with one or several best friends. This is the situation that is sometimes disregarded.可知这样的情况和The first is in the large group中的群体给他的影响不一样，往往会受到人们的忽视。故该词是指A项含义。
小题4:C 推理题。在文章最后一段的最后3行The large group puts a general pressure on its members. It sets the standard for clothing, music, entertainment, and "political correctness". The pressure can be avoided by keeping quiet or by putting on the appearance of agreement. 一直都在讲述群体对孩子的影响，那么接下来讲述的应该是作为个体的朋友对孩子的影响。故C正确。
核心考点
试题【During adolescence(青春期), peers（同龄人） play a large part in a young person"s life a】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Today, when a fire breaks out, you can be sure a citizen with a cell-phone camera has posted it to Facebook or Twitter, or sent it to the media. But up to now, that citizen has not been able to easily send images and details of what is happening to the people who need it most: police, firefighters and building-security people who must respond, and whose ability to help is often measured in minutes, if not seconds.
That"s about to change. A one-year old company called Elerts has developed a system that"s designed to mobile and social technologies to speed the flow of information between citizens and emergency workers in time of danger. The system involves free mobile applications—iPhone and iPad app（应用软件）is available now—that eyewitnesses can use to report incidents and get public-safety warnings. And Elerts is offering a management console（控制台）for security firms and universities to receive the reports and distribute warnings and instructions, like a map with the best evacuation route（疏散路线）.
The service is the brainchild of Chris Russo, deputy fire chief in the coastal town of Hull, Mass. As mobile communications sped up, he grew increasingly frustrated by his inability to communicate effectively with colleagues and the public, particularly with people who are at the scene and might be able to provide help.
"Remembering situations when communications failed puts a pit in my stomach," Mr. Russo says. Last summer, he was in a search at a beach for a missing boy, who went into a bathhouse but didn"t come out. First responders feared an abduction （绑架） on the beach or shark attack. The child"s mother, who didn"t speak English well, was so sad that she couldn"t remember what color shorts he had on. Mr. Russo had no photo of the child, and no ability to turn to beachgoers.
Two long hours later, the boy was spotted by a low-flying helicopter lost and alone on the beach crying—a lucky break. "If 5 percent of beachgoers had an app to receive a message and send in sightings of a lost boy, the happy ending might have come much sooner," Mr. Russo said.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
| A．A moving story of Chris Russo． | B．An app for reporting emergency． |
| C．A cell-phone instant service． | D．An app for firm management． |
| A．Makes me feel frustrated． | B．Causes a stomachache． |
| C．Arouses my interest． | D．Leaves a hole in my stomach． |
| A．have to carry out rescue work in minutes |
| B．must send images and details immediately |
| C．need images and detailed information badly |
| D．have to turn to Facebook and Twitter for details |
| A．advertise his creativity in communication |
| B．show readers the working principle of the new system |
| C．make the passage more interesting to read |
| D．inform readers how Russo got the idea of the service |
The machine works by drawing in damp air through a filter(过滤器) and over a cooling element which changes it into water droplets．It can produce up to 12 liters a day．The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the humidity（湿度）in the air increases．In keeping with its ecodevelopment，the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three light bulbs．
Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said：“The demand for water is off the chart．People are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable”．
The machine，which is about 3 feet wide，is likely to cost￡800 when it goes on sale here in the spring．Its maker, Canadian firm Element Four, estimates that a liter of water will cost around 20 pence to produce．
Environmentalists claim half the world’s population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080．One in five humans is said to lack access to safe drinking water．
The Water Mill is not effective in areas with below about 30 percent relative humidity, but with average relative humidity in England of more than 70 percent that won’t be much of an issue here.
小题1:According to the author, the biggest advantage of the machine is its ______．
| A．little power use | B．unlimited source | C．proper size | D．high production |
| A．can be used everywhere |
| B．has not been on sale |
| C．will replace the water distribution system |
| D．will solve the problem of water shortage |
| A．record-breaking． | B．urgent． | C．unbelievable． | D．amazing． |
| A．Microwave for Household Use | B．Filter to Draw in Damp Air |
| C．Mode Dehumidifier on Sale | D．Machine to Make Water out of Air |
Once inside，the cow is rewarded with food.As the cow eats，a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine.A few minutes later，milking is complete.The gate is opened，the cow is released and the next cow enters.
The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day.The cows get to decide when they want to be milked.Cows are milked an average of about three times a day.Some are milked four to six times a day.
The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system.A computer keeps records on their eating and milking.A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked.
The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk.Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests.
Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal especially to the next generation of farmers.She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm.Still，she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.
Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm.Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system.A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot costs 175,000 dollars.The second costs 150,000 dollars.
Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot.He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day.
小题1:From the first paragraph，we can infer ________.
| A．the robotic system is designed to reduce labor |
| B．cows can be raised by robots in the future |
| C．robots direct cows into milking stations |
| D．cows are kept clean by robots on some farms |
| A．adjust the temperature of milking stations |
| B．judge the quality of fresh milk |
| C．improve the appetite of cows |
| D．keep fresh milk for two weeks |
| A．Because young people have no interest in it. |
| B．Because it is difficult to learn how to use it. |
| C．Because people can"t afford to buy it. |
| D．Because it usually causes the waste of milk. |
| A．$150,000～$175,000. |
| B．over $75,000. |
| C．$150,000～$30,000. |
| D．$30,000～$35,000. |
Until now，space tourism has been limited to the ultrawealthy. Just seven people have paid tens of millions of dollars each for a trip to the International Space Station aboard a Russian rocket.
But that could change this year, when Virgin Galactic intends to start offering flights just beyond the space barrier on a rocket ship it has built, featuring five minutes of weightlessness during a twoandahalfhour tour. At $ 200,000 a seat, this will open the final frontier to far more people.
At least two other specialty airlines have jumped in as well, taking reservations and deposits for future space flights.Allianz, the big insurer, will introduce an insurance product in 2012, lending space tourism the trappings of the regular travel industry.
“Just to be able to sell space travel as a regular part of your business, really, just how cool is that？” said Lynda Turley Garrett, president of Alpine Travel of Saratoga, Calif.，who is one of 58 accredited space agents for Virgin Galactic in the United States.
In five years，Ms.Garrett has sold three seats. But she expects that to change once passengers start going up and coming down to tell their friends. “By 2017，it"ll be just like scheduling a flight to L．A.，” Ms.Garrett predicted.
小题1:If you want to book a flight to space in 2012, you can________.
| A．go to any travel agency |
| B．telephone Virgin Galactic |
| C．pay a visit to Allianz |
| D．sign up on the website of Virgin Galactic |
| A．only the extremely rich people can afford the space trip |
| B．seven people have paid tens of millions of dollars for a space trip |
| C．Russia is the first country to build the space station |
| D．ordinary people are not allowed to take space tour |
| A．It is one of the approved space agencies. |
| B．It is a famous space tourism company. |
| C．It sells insurance products to space tourists. |
| D．Its rocket has carried space passengers successfully. |
| A．Standard uniforms. |
| B．Traditional decorations. |
| C．Symbolic signs. |
| D．Personal belongings. |
| A．Common. | B．Changeable. |
| C．Flexible. | D．Reasonable. |
Everyone knows that when you lift weights，your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who can"t lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.That"s because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising，the muscles shrink and you get weaker.That"s why people say “Use it or lose it！”
But most people don"t know that when they practice and learn new things，parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex(皮层)of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells，called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network. Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things，these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn，the more your brain cells grow.Then，things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do—like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra(代数)—seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger，smarter brain.
Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals"brains.They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more perspicacious—they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
小题1:According to the first paragraph，________.
| A．the function of our brain is like that of the muscle |
| B．until now it"s impossible to explain the brain"s mystery |
| C．many people believe one"s intelligence is naturally determined |
| D．one"s brain grows stronger as the age increases |
| A．using the brain |
| B．connecting things in your brain |
| C．lifting weights |
| D．doing research about the brain |
| A．Strong. | B．Smart. |
| C．Popular. | D．Active. |
| A．the differences between animals"brains and humans"brains |
| B．the relation between human brains and muscles |
| C．scientists" findings about animals" brains |
| D．how to make your brain smarter through selfdevelopment |
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