Hu Li"s heart sank due to the color of the air.Driving 140 kilometers from Tianjin City to Beijing last week，she held her breath as the air became a charcoal grey haze(炭灰色的阴霾)．The 39yearold businesswoman has lived in Beijing for a decade，and this past month，she said，brought the worst air pollution she has ever seen.It gave her husband a cough and left her sevenyearold daughter housebound(足不出户)．“My husband as well as I is working here，so we have no choice，” she said.“But if we had a choice，we"d like to escape from Beijing.”
The extended heavy pollution over the last month，which caused punishment in return for a day last week－called the “airpocalypse” by internet users－ has largely changed the way that Chinese think about the country"s air.On one day，pollution levels were 30 times higher than levels considered safe by the World Health Organization (WHO)．Flights were cancelled.Roads were closed.One hospital in east Beijing reported they had treated more than 900 children for breathing issues.Bloomberg found that for most of January，Beijing"s air was worse than that of an airport smoking area.
The smog"s(烟雾) most threatening aspect is its high concentration(浓度) of PM 2.5 － particulate matter that is small enough to breathe deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream，causing breathing infections，lung cancer and possibly damaging children"s development.The WHO has estimated that outdoor air pollution accounts for two million deaths per year，65% of them in Asia.
小题1:Which conclusion can we draw from the first paragraph?| A．Hu Li is living in Beijing. | | B．Hu Li traveled to Tianjin for business. | | C．The haze is harmful to people. | | D．The pollution is the worst in Beijing"s history. |
小题2:The haze affected people mainly in________．| A．the way they traveled | | B．the opinion about national air | | C．the way they lived their life | | D．the life style of internet |
小题3:From the passage we know high concentration of PM 2.5________．| A．can lead to choke | | B．can cause heart cancer | | C．will damage children"s development | | D．will damage people"s organ |
小题4:What"s the best title for the passage?| A．Hu Li"s attitudes to Beijing"s haze | | B．The damages of Beijing"s haze | | C．WHO suggests improving Beijing"s air | | D．What caused air pollution in Beijing |
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小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:B |
本文主要以北京为例谈论了雾霾天气对人体的不良影响。
小题1:C 推理判断题。根据第二句中的“she held her breath...”以及“It gave her husband a cough and left her sevenyearold daughter housebound”可知答案。
小题2:B 细节理解题。由第二段首句“The extended heavy pollution...has largely changed the way that Chinese think about the country"s air.”可知答案。
小题3:D 细节理解题。由最后一段的“...is small enough to breathe deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream，causing breathing infections，lung cancer and possibly damaging children"s development”可知D项正确，高浓度的PM 2.5会对人的内脏造成危害。
小题4:B 主旨大意题。文章首段讲雾霾对Hu Li一家的影响；第二段讲严重的雾霾对市民生活造成的具体影响；尾段讲高浓度的PM 2.5的具体危害，B项涵盖了以上内容。 |
核心考点
试题【Hu Li"s heart sank due to the color of the air.Driving 140 kilometers from Tianj】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
In the past，people usually believed what newlyborn babies wanted was food and to be kept warm and dry.They thought babies were not able to ____ things until they were five or six months old.____ the researchers in the United States now believe babies begin learning on their first ____ of life.They say babies are strongly ____ by their environment and one baby will ____ if his or her mother does something that the baby likes.
A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to ____ her mother.This is how babies start to learn to ___ and communicate with other people.The researchers say this ability to learn ___ in a baby even before birth.They also ____ the idea that newlyborn babies can ____ and understand sounds they heard while they were still ____ inside their mothers.
Recently，an American study ____ 112 babies found babies learned better when they were ____.The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own，sitting in seats or __ to sit up.The researchers say keeping that kind ____ had what they called a ____ effect on the babies" ability to learn about objects.They say the body position may be linked to development in the ____．One ____ says babies can pay more attention to ___ an object if they do not have to be worried about their balance.
| 小题1: | | A．eat | B．know | C．remember | D．learn |
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| 小题2: | | A．Besides | B．While | C．But | D．Therefore |
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| 小题4: | | A．influenced | B．accepted | C．disturbed | D．moved |
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| 小题6: | | A．annoy | B．love | C．notice | D．please |
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| 小题7: | | A．live | B．connect | C．speak | D．smile |
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| 小题8: | | A．disappears | B．informs | C．exists | D．happens |
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| 小题9: | | A．infer | B．support | C．deny | D．instruct |
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| 小题10: | | A．recognize | B．realize | C．receive | D．record |
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| 小题11: | | A．sleeping | B．delivering | C．shaping | D．developing |
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| 小题12: | | A．helping | B．raising | C．involving | D．containing |
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| 小题13: | | A．sleeping soundly | B．lying down | C．awaking clearly | D．sitting up |
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| 小题14: | | A．assisted | B．forced | C．asked | D．mentioned |
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| 小题15: | | A．hobby | B．gesture | C．decoration | D．purpose |
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| 小题16: | | A．negative | B．unmarked | C．significant | D．side |
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| 小题17: | | A．language | B．feeling | C．brain | D．body |
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| 小题18: | | A．psychologist | B．mother | C．doctor | D．researcher |
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| 小题19: | | A．exploring | B．finding | C．feeling | D．discovering |
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| 小题20: | | A．anxious | B．confident | C．worried | D．curious |
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New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones，I Don"t Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳节奏) for safe driving，imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake"s Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.
The study，conducted at London Metropolitan University，also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly，music that is noisy increases a driver"s heart rate，which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hiphop made a female driver drive far more aggressively，speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.
The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app，which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.
小题1:What"s the main idea of the whole passage?| A．Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way. | | B．A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app. | | C．What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving. | | D．Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music. |
小题2:The underlined word “monitored” in the last paragraph means________．| A．controlled | B．banned | C．modeled | D．showed |
小题3:．Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10. | | B．Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute. | | C．The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely. | | D．The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers. |
小题4:If there is another paragraph in the end of the passage，the author may mention________．| A．female and male drivers" popular tastes of music | | B．how did the study carry out | | C．why fast beat music is harmful to drivers | | D．some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy |
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(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ，B)The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
小题1:The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s________.| A．sense of hearing | B．sense of sight | | C．sense of touch | D．sense of smell |
小题2:Babies are sensitive to the change in________.| A．the size of cards | B．the colour of pictures | | C．the shape of patterns | D．the number of objects |
小题3:Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?| A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. | | B．To see how babies recognize sounds. | | C．To carry their experiment further. | | D．To keep the babies’ interest. |
小题4:Where does this text probably come from?| A．Science fiction. | | B．Children’s literature. | | C．An advertisement. | | D．A science report. |
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(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mothersubstitute(母亲替代物)．
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．
小题1:Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?| A．Warmth. | B．Milk. | | C．Contact. | D．Trust. |
小题2:After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.| A．larger in size | | B．closer to them | | C．less frightening and less disturbing | | D．more comfortable to rub against |
小题3:What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？| A．Attention. | B．Softness. | | C．Confidence. | D．Interest. |
小题4:It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.| A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys | | B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards | | C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting | | D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around |
小题5:The main purpose of the passage is to ________.| A．give the reasons for the experiment | | B．present the findings of the experiment | | C．introduce the method of the experiment | | D．describe the process of the experiment |
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(2013·高考福建卷，B)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone，and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“ I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a．m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，”said Walter Choo,40，of Fort Greene.
The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600，the Times said，possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality，a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.So，for example，if you were walking down a street，indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“As far as a mainstream consumer product，this just isn’t something anybody needs，”said Sam Biddle，who writes for Gizmodo.com.“ We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，”he added，“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub，who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year，said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago，”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones，and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones，and it’s unnatural，”he said.“ There’s gonna be improvements to that，and this a step there.”
小题1:One of the possible functions of the smartphonelike glasses is to ________.| A．program the opening hours of a bar | | B．supply you with a picture of the future | | C．provide information about your surroundings | | D．update the maps and GPS in your smartphones |
小题2:The underlined phrase“pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“ ________”．| A．develop rapidly | | B．get round quickly | | C．appear immediately | | D．go over automatically |
小题3:According to Sam Biddle，the smartphonelike glasses are ________.| A．necessary for teenagers | | B．attractive to New Yorkers | | C．available to people worldwide | | D．expensive for average consumers |
小题4:We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses ________.| A．may have a potential market | | B．are as common as smartphones | | C．are popular among young adults | | D．will be improved by a new technology |
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