题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
“The physical aspect of the sport can only take you ____ ,” said Olympic gold medal-winning gymnast Shannon Miller during an interview with the Dana Foundation. “The mental aspect has to ____ , especially when you’re talking about the best of the best. In the Olympic games, everyone is talented. Everyone ____ hard. Everyone does the work. What ____ the gold medalists from the silver medalists is simply the mental game.”
Many athletes have used the technique of mental imagery, or ____ , to perform at their best. Research on the brain patterns of ____ found that the patterns activated when a weightlifter lifted heavy weights were activated ____ when they simply imagined lifting and some studies have suggested that mental ____ can be almost as effective as physical training. One study, published in the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology in 1996, found that ____ weight lifting caused ____ changes in muscle activity.
“Mental imagery ____ many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory,” researcher Angie LeVan wrote in Psychology Today. “So the ____ is getting trained for actual performance during visualization. It’s been found that mental practices can enhance motivation, increase confidence, improve motor performance and ____ your brain for success.”
____ visualizing is more than just thinking about an upcoming event. ____ athletes use visualization, they truly feel the event taking place in their mind’s eye.
“During visualization, she incorporates (整合) all of her ____ into the experience,” sports psychologist Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter wrote in a blog post on The Huffington Post ____ a speed skater she works with. “She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitors. She experiences all of the elements of her race ____ before executing (完成) her performance.”
| 小题1: |
|
| 小题2: |
|
| 小题3: |
|
| 小题4: |
|
| 小题5: |
|
| 小题6: |
|
| 小题7: |
|
| 小题8: |
|
| 小题9: |
|
| 小题10: |
|
| 小题11: |
|
| 小题12: |
|
| 小题13: |
|
| 小题14: |
|
| 小题15: |
|
| 小题16: |
|
| 小题17: |
|
| 小题18: |
|
| 小题19: |
|
| 小题20: |
|
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D
小题6:D
小题7:B
小题8:C
小题9:D
小题10:B
小题11:A
小题12:C
小题13:A
小题14:A
小题15:D
小题16:B
小题17:C
小题18:D
小题19:C
小题20:B
解析
试题分析：文章介绍对运动员来说精神的锻炼和身体的锻炼一样重要，为了更好的发挥，运动员可以运用想象来体验比赛的过程。
小题1:考查形容词辨析：A. lucky幸运的，B. intelligent聪明的，C. mental精神的，D. strategic策略，根据上文的：The mental aspect of athletics is underrated.可知运动员90%是精神上的，10%是身体的，选C。
小题2:考查名词辨析：A. difference不同，B. importance 重要性，C. improvement 提高，D. challenge挑战，强调思想在比赛中有很大影响，这里使用了词组make a difference，有影响，选A。
小题3:考查词组辨析：A. so long再见，B. so far 到现在为止，这么远，C. so much这么多，D. so high这么高，运动的身体方面只能将你带到这么远。选B。
小题4:考查动词短语辨析：A. turn on打开，B. show off炫耀，C. take up拿起，从事，D. set off出发，动身，根据下文的句子：especially when you’re talking about the best of the best.精神方面必须要打开，尤其当你要发挥极致的时候，选A。
小题5:考查动词辨析： A. thinks 想，B. moves移动，C. runs 跑，D. trains训练，根据下文：Everyone does the work.奥运比赛中每个人都是有天赋的，每个人都是刻苦训练的，选D。
小题6:考查动词辨析：A. breaks打破，B. pushes推，C. decides决定，D. distinguishes区分，区别金牌获得者和银牌获得者的只有精神的比赛。考查的是：distinguish…from…区分…和…，选D。
小题7:考查名词辨析：A. activation活化，激活，[化]活化作用，致活，B. visualization形象（化），形象化，想像，目测，C. motivation动机，动力，D. perception知觉，觉察（力），观念，很多运动员使用的是精神想象法，mental imagery ="visualization," 从下文的：So the ____ is getting trained for actual performance during visualization.也可以得到答案，所以选B。
小题8:考查名词辨析：A. athletes运动员，B. gymnasts 体操运动员，C. weightlifters 举重运动员，D. skaters滑冰运动员，根据下文的句子：when a weightlifter lifted heavy weights可知这个研究研究的是举重运动员的大脑的模式，选C。
小题9:考查副词辨析：A. regularly定期的，B. normally正常的，C. finally最后的，D. similarly相似地，根据下文的：some studies have suggested that mental ____ can be almost as effective as physical training.举重运动员举起重量的时候，大脑的活动和只是想象举起重量的活动的相似地。选D。
小题10:考查名词辨析：A. connection 联系，B. practice 练习，C. performances表演，表现，D. directions方向，指导，根据这句话中的：physical training，可知一些研究甚至说，精神的练习和身体的训练的效果是一样的，选B。
小题11:考查动词辨析：A. imagining 想象，B. considering考虑，C. reviewing复习，D. dreaming梦想，根据上文的：when they simply imagined lifting可知想象举重导致肌肉活动的实际的改变。选A。
小题12:考查形容词辨析：A. few很少，B. usual通常，C. actual实际上，D. strange奇怪的，和想象相比这种改变是实际的，选C。
小题13:考查动词辨析：A. impacts影响，B. increases增加，C. slows放慢，D. follows跟随，根据下文的例子：motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory,”可知精神想象影响大脑很多认知过程。选A。
小题14:考查名词辨析：A. brain大脑，B. body身体，C. attention注意，D. memory记忆，根据下文的句子：It’s been found that mental practices can enhance motivation, increase confidence, improve motor performance and ____ your brain for success.”所以在想象中大脑为实际的表现受训练。选A。
小题15:考查动词辨析：A. help帮助，B. apply 利用，C. use 使用，D. prepare准备，精神训练可以增强动力，增加自信，提高运动的表现，使大脑做好成功的准备。词组：prepare sth for为…做好准备，选D。
小题16:考查连词辨析：A. Though 虽然，B. But 但是，C. Thus因此，D. Otherwise否则，但是想象不仅仅是想即将到来的比赛。和上文的句子是转折关系，选B。
小题17:考查连词辨析：A. Unless 除非，B. After 在…后面，C. When当…时候，D. Until直到，当运动员使用想象的时候，他们能真正的感觉到比赛在大脑中发生。When引导时间状语从句，选C。
小题18:考查名词辨析：A. observations观察，B. spirit 精神，C. determination决定，D. senses感觉，根据下文的：“She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitors.可知在想象中她整合所有的感官到这个经历。选D。
小题19:考查介词辨析：A. to给，B. for为了，C. about 关于，D. with和…一起，Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter写的是关于一个速滑运动员。用about表示关于，选C
小题20:考查介词短语辨析： A. in surprise惊讶地，B. in detail 详细的，C. on time 准时的，D. for example例如，在完成表演之前她详细的体验了比赛的所有的因素。选B
核心考点
试题【The mental aspect of athletics is underrated. The common expression, “athletics 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
But things are not as easy for plants. Unlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm. So how do they manage to survive the freezing winter?
It turns out that plants have their own strategies too, said a study published on Dec 22 in the journal Nature.
According to researcher Amy Zanne of George Washington University, US, the cold is a big challenge for plants. Their living tissues can be damaged when they freeze. “It’s like a plant’s equivalent to frostbite (冻疮),” Zanne told Science Daily. Also, the process of freezing and thawing (解冻) can cause air bubbles to form in the plant’s water transport system. “If enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant,” she explained.
To live through cold weather, plants have developed three traits, according to the study. Some plants, such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves before the winter chill sets in – effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves – and growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns.
Other plants, pine trees for example, protect themselves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubbles.
The third strategy is also the most extreme – some plants die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer.
However, the study also found that these smart strategies were developed very slowly – over millions of years of evolution. This leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades.
Scientists are hoping that this study can help people find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change.
小题1:What is the article mainly about?
| A．Why plants are not afraid of the winter chill. |
| B．The ways that plants survive cold weather. |
| C．Changes in plants’ water transport system in winter. |
| D．How plants evolve to keep up with climate change. |
| A．it produces more living tissues to stay alive |
| B．its leaves quickly fall out and its roots begin to die |
| C．lots of air bubbles form in its water transport system |
| D．its water transport system could be blocked in the spring |
| A．By dropping their leaves before winter. |
| B．By narrowing their water transport cells. |
| C．By widening their water transport cells. |
| D．By leaving only the seeds alive and growing from the seeds in the spring. |
| A．Plants may not be able to adapt to the increasingly cold climate. |
| B．Human activities might have a great impact on the pace of plants’ evolution. |
| C．Plants may not be able to evolve fast enough to adapt to human-caused climate change. |
| D．The strategies plants develop are not good enough to protect them against cold. |
Now it looks like you are one step closer to this wild dream of yours – scientists from Oxford University, UK have just discovered the “switch” that tells the brain to go to sleep, reported Forbes.
To understand the study, you first need to know that there are two mechanisms (机能) that regulate sleep. There’s one that we’re already familiar with – our body clock, which works in a 24-hour cycle based on the light changes throughout the day.
The other one is what scientists call the sleep “homeostat (动态平衡系统)”. This mechanism has nothing to do with daylight. Instead, it keeps track of the brain’s waking hours and urges it to rest if it has been awake for a long time. “It is similar to the thermostat (自动调温器) in your home. A thermostat measures temperature and switches on the heating if it’s too cold,” Professor Gero Miesenböck, who led the study, told The Telegraph.
Our bodies use both of the mechanisms to regulate sleep. “The body clock says it’s the right time, and the sleep thermostat has built up pressure during a long waking day,” explained Miesenböck.
There is no way that scientists can trick the body clock. But with the sleep homeostat, there might be something they can do.
The researchers found that the sleep homeostat works by activating a specific group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. They tested their theory on fruit flies by removing the neurons from the insects’ brains. And as expected, they found that the flies without the homeostat neurons did not keep a regular sleep pattern anymore.
Now that scientists have pinpointed (定位) the exact place in the brain – or, the “switch” – that regulates sleep, they can begin investigating (研究) how to activate these cells at any given time so that people can be sent to sleep instantly.
More importantly, figuring out how sleep mechanisms work may also help us to one day unravel one of the oldest mysteries of all: why do we need to sleep in the first place?
小题1:What is the article mainly about?
| A．A new way to treat sleep disorders. |
| B．The discovery of the sleep “homeostat”. |
| C．Advice on what to do when you fail to fall asleep. |
| D．A comparison of the two mechanisms that regulate sleep. |
| A．Through examples. |
| B．With comparisons. |
| C．Through cause and effect analysis. |
| D．By presenting research findings. |
| A．Generally, the sleep homeostat has less effect on people during the day than at night. |
| B．There is little scientists can do to affect the way the sleep homeostat works. |
| C．What makes us go to sleep at night is probably a combination of the two mechanisms. |
| D．The more homeostat neurons there are in one’s brain, the more easily one can fall asleep. |
| A．put up with | B．figure out | C．keep track of | D．take notice of |
This was the conclusion of a team of scientists from China"s State Forestry Administration and the World Nature Fund.
The South China tiger, also known as the Chinese tiger, is native to southern China. In the 1950"s, there were over 4000 tigers found in mountain forests in the country. But due to the destruction of their natural habitat and uncontrolled hunting, it has been pushed on to the list of the world"s top ten most endangered species.
Sixtysix of the big cats can be found in the cages of a dozen zoos around China. But they are nothing like their wild cousins. They have lost their natural skills such as hunting and killing. If they were set free they could not look after themselves.
“Breeding has damaged the quality of the species”, said Pei Enle, deputy director of the Shanghai Zoo.
To reintroduce the species into the wild, the country started a programme to send five to ten young tigers to South Africa. Four of them have already arrived. Progress has been made as two elder tigers have recovered some of their instincts(本能) and can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base.
“South Africans are very experienced in reintroducing big animals to the wild. The country has very good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in”, said Lu Jun, office director of the National Wildlife Research and Development Center.“We tried in Fujian Province, but it was not successful as there was not a complete ecochain(生物链) and there was a lack of space.”
The tigers should return to China in 2007 when the reservations in Fujian are ready.
小题1:What is the main reason for the South China tiger becoming one of the world"s top ten most endangered species?
| A．Because it has lost its natural instincts. |
| B．Because there is not a complete ecochain. |
| C．Because there is no space for it. |
| D．Because uncontrolled hunting has destroyed its natural living conditions. |
| A．Its effect still remains to be seen. |
| B．Two tigers can already compete with their wild cousins. |
| C．Some of the tigers are already on the road to recovering their natural skills. |
| D．The tigers should be able to recover their instincts completely by 2007. |
| A．they are no longer feared by other wild animals |
| B．they don"t know how to hunt or kill |
| C．a complete change has resulted in the species because of breeding |
| D．to reintroduce them into the wild has become an urgent task |
| A．To help the tigers recover their ability to live in the wild. |
| B．To provide them with a better environment. |
| C．To get the tigers to go on a tour. |
| D．To find a complete ecochain for them. |
| A．Because the tigers can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base. |
| B．Because South Africans are skilled at dealing with the tigers. |
| C．Because there is a complete ecochain and enough space there. |
| D．Because the country has good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in. |
Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style，cost，color and condition of someone’s shoes．In the study，63 University of Kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study’s participants.Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes，and then filled out a personality questionnaire．
Some of the results were expected：People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes，and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing people．However，some of the more specific results are strange enough．For example，“practical and functional’’shoes were generally worn by more“pleasant"people，while ankle boots were more linked with ‘‘aggressive’’personalities．The strangest of all may be that those who wore‘‘uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities. And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take extreme care of them，you may suffer from“attachment anxiety"，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance．There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal(主张变革的)types wearing“shabbier and less expensive” shoes．
The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities，but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities．
小题1:What does this text mainly tell us?
| A．People’s personalities call be judged by their shoes． |
| B．Shoes convey false information about the wearer． |
| C．People know little about their personalities． |
| D．Shoes Call hide people’s real personalities． |
| A．look at pictures of different shoes |
| B．provide pictures of their shoes |
| C．hand in their commonly worn shoes |
| D．design a personality questionnaire |
| A．Pleasant people like wearing uncomfortable shoes． |
| B．Wealthy people often wear expensive shoes． |
| C．Flahshier shoes are typically worn by outgoing people． |
| D．Aggressive people are likely to weal"ankle boots． |
| A．become a political leader |
| B．have a calm character |
| C．worry about their appearance |
| D．wear strange shoes |
| A．teach how to choose shoes |
| B．describe different personalities |
| C．inform us of a new study |
| D．introduce a research method |
With so many photos and videos of cats and dogs doing cute things online, it’s easier than ever to answer which of these furry friends you like more. There are many reasons why people prefer one type of pet over the other. So, have you ever wondered what your preference for cats or dogs says about you?
In fact, a 2010 study done by Sam Gosling , a psychologist at the University of Texas, US, and his graduate student Carson Sandy found that dog people are more extroverted（外向的）agreeable and serious than cat people.
“Cats will occasionally engage in social activities, but usually after only a few minutes they will abandon the game. Dogs, on the other hand, will often engage in play, like fetching a thrown lull, for hours at a lime," said Modem Dog magazine.
Just on the basis of dogs" nature being more sociable than cats’, you may expect that the personalities of dog people also reflect higher sociability. And Cosling’s study found that dog people are generally about 15 percent more extroverted and 13 percent more agreeable, both of which are associated with social altitude.
In addition, dog people are 11 percent more conscientious than cat people.
“Conscientiousness" is a tendency In show self-discipline（自律）,to complete tasks and aim for achievement. This quality also shows a preference for planned rather than spontaneous （一时冲动的） behavior.
In comparison, cat people an; about 12 percent more anxious, but they are also 11 percent more “open” than dog people, due to a general appreciation for art, emotion, imagination, curiosity, adventure, unusual ideas and variety of experience. And people high on openness are more likely to hold unconventional beliefs.
Despite vast differences, there an some things that cat people and dog people have in common. “Both types of people consider themselves close to nature, dislike animal-print clothing and generally optimists. ” noted Mother Nature Network.
小题1:What does the article mainly talk about?
| A．Differences between dogs and cats in their personality qualities. |
| B．Factors that influence people’s preference for dogs or cats. |
| C．How raising a pet helps shape your personality. |
| D．What your preference for dogs or cats reveals about you. |
| A．get involved in | B．benefit from |
| C．take little interest in | D．perform well in |
| A．be more imaginative and creative |
| B．live a more organized life |
| C．love to get close to nature more |
| D．be more easygoing and adventurous |
| A．are generally self-disciplined |
| B．are usually positive and care about nature |
| C．are likely to hold unconventional beliefs |
| D．like to wear animal-print clothing; |
最新试题
- 1下列灭火方式中，不正确的是[ ]A．油锅着火用水浇灭B．实验桌上酒精着火用湿布盖灭 C．白磷着火用沙土盖灭D．电
- 2读“某假想地域城市分布图”，回答1—2题。 1、图中城市等级系列最高的可能是[ ]A、① B、② C、③ D、④
- 32011年以来，贵州省沿河自治县在各地开设“土地银行”，在征得村民同意的情况下，让其将手中的闲置土地存入“土地银行”，再
- 4中国的非物质文化遗产之一“泗州戏”是中国的乡村音乐， 19世纪产生于皖东北大地上。在当地民间小调拉魂腔的基础上，吸收梆子
- 5化石采集队在甲、乙、丙三个不同地层内挖掘到许多化石。记录清单如下：甲地层（恐龙蛋、始祖鸟、龟）；乙地层(马、象牙、犀牛)
- 6国民大革命与近代前期的资产阶级民主革命相比，其突出的新特点是（ ）A．以国共合作为基础B．采用武装斗争形势C．群众基
- 7孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》中提出了三权分立的原则，美国则付诸实践，那么在美国“三权”应指：①行政权 ②立法权 ③司法权 ④
- 8---The Olympic Games of 2016 will_____ in Brazil.---I hope o
- 9我国西北干旱地区，主要土地利用类型是A．草地B．林地C．旱地D．水田
- 10已知水的比热容是4.2×103J/(kg·℃)，在一标准气压下，10kg水温度由50℃升高到100℃所吸收的热量是___
热门考点
- 1如图，一只甲虫在5×5的方格（每小格边长为1）上沿着网格线运动．它从A处出发去看望B、C、D处的其它甲虫，规定：向上向右
- 2根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。help love continue come
- 3计算：=（ ）。
- 4设的值为（ ）A．B．C．D．
- 5某同学利用图所示电路测量电阻的电阻（不考虑温度对电阻的影响），图中连接电压表的线未画出。实验时，闭合开关，移动滑动变阻器
- 6列宁称马克思、恩格斯是“19世纪人类最先进国家中三种主要思潮的继承人和天才完成者”。这三种主要思潮来源于哪三个国家 A．
- 7李鸿章自称“一生风雨裱糊匠”，他裱糊的屋子叫：_______, 材料是：________ A．清朝封建统治西方先进科技B
- 8【题文】函数的定义域为（ ）A．B．C．D．
- 9已知直线xa+yb=1（a＞0，b＞0）过点（1，4），则a+b最小值是（ ）A．16B．9C．8D．3
- 10（1）计算：=（ ）；（2）先化简，再求值：已知：a=2﹣，b=2+，则的值为（ ）．